白首乌糖类的提取及含量测定

目的 :考查白首乌糖类的含量及对白首乌多糖提取物进行含量测定。方法 :分别用 80 %乙醇及 2 %盐酸超声波提取白首乌中的可溶性糖及粗多糖 ,采用蒽酮比色法分别测其可溶性糖及粗多糖的含量 ,并对白首乌水提醇沉法获得的多糖提取物进行含量测定。结论 :不同产地 ,不同采收期的白首乌的三个样品糖类成分的含量存在差异。     

海藻海蒿子褐藻糖胶的分离与组成分析

目的以海藻海蒿子为原料制备褐藻糖胶，并对不同的提取、分离方法进行比较，对多糖的组成和结构进行初步分析。方法海蒿子脱脂干粉分别经水提取和酸提取以获得粗多糖，粗多糖分别经乙醇沉淀法和CaCl2沉淀法进行纯化。选取多糖组分F4用Q—Sepharose Fast Flow和Sephadex G-200凝胶柱进行分级分离，高效凝胶渗透色谱法（HPGPC）鉴定纯度及相对分子质量，气相色谱分析多糖的中性单糖组成。结果F4经分级分离得到3个级分：P1、P2和P3。P1、P2和P3均为均一组分，相对分子质量分别为：494400、61500和167600；P1由岩藻糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖构成，摩尔百分比43．4：33．3：6．2：4．3：12．8；P2由岩藻糖、木糖、甘露糖和半乳糖构成，摩尔百分比44．4：15．1：23．8：16．7；P3由岩藻糖、木糖和半乳糖构成，摩尔百分比68．9：3．7：27．4。结论P1、P2和P3的单糖含量均以岩藻糖为主，但其他单糖组成有较大差别。     

龙眼多糖、荔枝多糖的分离提取及其抗氧化作用的探讨

目的：从龙眼、荔枝肉中分离提取多糖,并探讨其抗氧化作用。方法：建立热水提取—乙醇沉淀—酶法结合sevag法除去蛋白,H2O2脱色工艺制备龙眼多糖与荔枝多糖,对多糖总糖含量进行测定,并对其抗氧化作用性质进行研究。结果：龙眼总糖含量为64．27％,荔枝总糖含量为62．77％。龙眼粗多糖得率为3．64％,荔枝粗多糖得率为3．30％。龙眼多糖与荔枝多糖均具有清除活性氧自由基的作用,荔枝多糖抗脂质过氧化物LPO的作用能力与其剂量呈正相关关系。结论：荔枝粗多糖与龙眼粗多糖均具有抗氧化作用。     

金银花多糖的提取、精制及含量测定

目的提取金银花中的多糖,精制并进行含量测定。方法采用热水法提取、乙醇沉淀制备粗多糖;Sevag法去蛋白制备精制多糖;苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量。结果粗多糖和精制多糖中多糖的含量分别为61．27％和80．54％。结论得到了高纯度的精制多糖。     

干苔多糖的分离纯化及抗肿瘤活性研究

干苔经冷水，热水，热酸水三步提取多糖。配位吸附动力学研究表明，与钙型，铝型树脂相比，铜型树脂对干苔多糖吸附最快，吸附量最多。pH值配位沉淀反应研究进一步显示干苔多糖与Cu^2 的沉淀能力比Al^3 好。采用三种pH值铜盐络合沉淀，得到初步提纯五种多糖（冷提糖Ⅰ，热提糖Ⅱ、Ⅲ酸糖Ⅳ、Ⅴ），用离子交换（静态，动态）法除去铜离子，得到纯度为98．4％的干苔多糖，回收率达97．8％。离子条件下，几种多糖在对人胰腺癌SW1990细胞的无血清培养中，热提糖Ⅲ表现出较好的抑制活性。该多糖还与固定化藻蓝蛋白表现出一定协同抑制肿瘤细胞生长的作用。红外光谱分析证明热水抽提多糖Ⅲ是一种酸性多糖。     

雪茶多糖的提取分离及组成研究

目的研究雪茶Usnea fuscoruben Mot多糖的提取、纯化和单糖的组成成分。方法雪茶全株经氯仿抽提、热水浸提、乙醇沉淀、乙醇分级沉淀、Sevag法除蛋白质、透析、再乙醇沉淀得粗多糖。经大孔吸附树脂纯化后,冷冻干燥得纯化雪茶多糖。运用气相色谱测定雪茶多糖的单糖组分。结果雪茶原料(多糖含量为6.54%),经过此方法得精制雪茶多糖(多糖含量为86.84%),其单糖组成为鼠李糖、半乳糖。结论该方法适用于雪茶多糖的提取。     

九里香多糖和蛋白多糖的分离、纯化和分析

九里香Murraya paniculata L. Jack皮部经热水提取、乙醇沉淀、Sephadex G-100柱层析分离、磷酸氢钙吸附、酸溶,再通过Sephadex G-200柱层析纯化,得到灰白色粉末状九里香蛋白多糖。总糖含量为     

肉苁蓉多糖的分离、纯化和鉴定

目的 分离、纯化和鉴定壮阳中药肉苁蓉Cistanche deserticola中的多糖成分。方法 经脱脂、沸水抽提、乙醇沉淀、Sevag法脱蛋白得到的粗多糖，再经DEAE－Sephadex A-50离子交换层析和Sephacryl S-200凝胶柱层析得到纯净的肉苁蓉多糖（CDPS），用红外光谱和紫外光谱分析鉴定该多糖。结果 红外光谱分析具有典型的多糖特征吸收峰，紫外光谱分析未见核酸和蛋白质的特征吸收峰。结论 本实验所提取的肉苁蓉多糖为单一、纯净的多糖。     

裙带菜多糖的研究

目的研究从裙带菜中提取的多糖组分。方法采用乙醇分级沉淀法提取粗多糖,采用DEAE—Cellulose离子交换柱色谱法和凝胶柱色谱法对粗多糖进行分离纯化,对纯多糖C11进行理化性质、结构及单糖组成分析。结果C11的产率为61.97%,其多糖、硫酸基、葡萄糖醛酸质量分数分别为43.20%、12.70%和9.78%,多糖C11的硫酸根连接在糖的C2或C3处于平伏键位置,且C11为以β-糖苷键为主的吡喃糖。其单糖组成及质量分数比为鼠李糖∶岩藻糖∶木糖∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖=1.50∶570.00∶220.00∶257.00∶8.32。结论C11为单一纯净的酸性杂多糖。     

石崖茶水溶性多糖的提取及生物活性研究

石崖茶经热水浸提,乙醇沉淀得粗多糖(SC)。粗多糖经凯氏定氮法测得蛋白质含量为7.38%,苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量为57.36%,硫酸-咔唑法测糖醛酸含量为24.11%。粗多糖经Sevage法和酶法联合脱蛋白,得初步纯化的多糖(SC1)。气相色谱分析其单糖组成为:鼠李糖(Rha)、阿拉伯糖(Ara)、半乳糖(Gal)、葡萄糖(Glc)。摩尔比为:0.1:0.28:6.3:1。红外光谱分析,SC1具有多糖的典型性质。石崖茶多糖对羟基自由基和超氧自由基具有清除能力,且纯化后多糖的清除效果比粗多糖好。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.