香砂六君子汤对实验性胆汁返流性胃炎的治疗作用

香砂六君子汤水煎液３０ｇ／ｋｇ灌胃给药能明显抑制大鼠胃内灌注碱性上部小肠液（ＵＩＣ）所造成的急性胃粘膜损伤;香砂门君子汤灌胃组给有明显抑制大鼠幽门扩张和十二指肠液返流入胃２周和４周后所造成的慢性胃炎的发生率,同时降低胃液ｐＨ值和胃内胆酸的含量;香砂门君子汤１５ｇ／ｋｇ、３０ｇ／ｋｇ灌胃给药能明显抑制大鼠胃排空。结果表明,香砂六君子汤有治疗胆汗返流性胃炎的作用。     

小柴胡汤及香砂六君子汤对大鼠慢性返流性胃炎的保护作用

大鼠幽门弹簧扩张１６周后，胃窦部粘膜出现明显的淋巴细胞及少量嗜酸性细胞和大单核细胞浸润，部分病例出现肠上皮化生。小柴胡汤每日灌胃５、１０、２０ｇ／ｋｇ，香砂六君子汤每日灌胃５ｇ／ｋｇ均能显著减轻上述病理改变。香砂六君子汤灌胃５ｇ／ｋｇ还能明显增加胃粘膜ＰＧＥ２含量。二方对胃内ｐＨ及胆碱含量均无明显影响。     

蒲公英对大鼠胃酸分泌的抑制作用及其时胃酸刺激药的影响

蒲公英对清醒大鼠胃酸分泌有明显的抑制作用，其３ｇ／ｋｇ、１０ｇ／ｋｇ对胃酸分泌抑制率分别为８７．７％、９７．６％。在麻醉大鼠用ｐＨ４盐酸·生理盐水胃灌流实验中，蒲公英也有明显抑制组胺、五肽胃泌素及氨甲酰胆碱诱导的胃酸分泌作用，１０ｇ／ｋｇ蒲公英对组胺诱导的１２０分钟内胃酸分泌抑制率为７２．１％；对五肽胃泌素诱导的９０分钟内胃酸分泌抑制率为５０．４％；对氨甲酸胆碱诱导的１２０分钟内胃酸分泌抑制率为４８．９％。     

沙参麦冬汤对大鼠胃粘膜保护作用的机理研究

本实验以胃粘膜血流量、脂质过氧化物、还原型谷膛甘肽、谷膛甘肽过氧化酶及ＳＯＤ为指标探讨了沙参麦冬汤对胃粘膜保护作用的机理。结果显示，沙参麦冬汤（１０ｇ／ｋｇ，２０ｇ／ｋｇ）胃内给药能显著抑制酸化乙醇所引起的大鼠胃体、窦部粘膜血流量的下降；预先给大鼠灌胃则能显著抑制乙醇引起的胃粘膜过氧化脂质含量升高，增加还原型谷腕甘肽含量。     

小柴胡汤对大鼠实验性碱性返流性胃炎的作用

小柴胡汤水煎液5g/kg、20g/kg灌胃或十二指肠给药能显著抑制大鼠胃内灌注酸化的牛磺胆酸钠(TC)和碱性上部小肠液(UIC)所造成的急性胃粘膜损伤,减少胃粘膜出血点和水肿。小柴胡汤经口给药能抑制大鼠幽门扩张和十二指肠液返流入胃4周及8周后所造成的慢性胃炎的发生率,同时降低胃内胆酸含量;经十二指肠给药,能显著抑制胃液、胃酸分泌和胃蛋白酶的活性。结果提示,小柴胡汤有较好的抗胃炎作用,其作用同降低胃内胆酸含量、抑制胃酸分泌和胃蛋白酶的活性等机制有关。     

川芎嗪对大鼠浸水应激性胃溃疡的影响

以大鼠不应激性胃溃疡为模型,从胃酸分泌、胃运动、胃粘膜一氧化氮合成酶（ＮＯＳ）和一氧化氮（ＮＯ）几方面观察ｉｐ川芎嗪（ＴＭＰ）对大鼠应激性胃溃疡的影响,探讨ＴＭＰ的作用机制。结果：ＴＭＰ１０～４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ可明显抑制大鼠浸水应激性胃溃疡的发生;ＴＭＰ２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ可促进胃液分泌量的增高,但对胃酸分泌无影响;并可明显抑制胃的运动;浸水应激后大鼠国有粘膜ＮＯＳ活力和ＮＯ含量昀明显降低,ＴＭＰ可抑制应激     

沙参麦冬汤对动物在体胃运动的影响

本实验观察了沙参麦冬汤水煎液对动物胃运动功能的影响。结果表明，沙参麦冬汤（２３ｇ／ｋｇ）１次给药及９ｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１及２３ｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１连续５天灌服均能显著抑制小鼠胃酚红排空率（Ｐ＜０．０５），９ｇ／ｋｇ、２３ｇ／ｋｇ１次给药能对抗新斯的明引起的小鼠胃排空加快（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）；胃浆膜埋植应变片记录清醒大鼠胃运动发现，该方７ｇ／ｋｇ灌胃能抑制大鼠胃底纵行肌收缩的频率和幅度，对胃窦环行肌作用不明显；胃内埋植水囊法观察到，沙参麦冬汤（３．５ｇ／ｋｇ，７ｇ／ｋｇ）十二指肠给药能使麻醉大鼠胃运动的频率减慢，幅度减弱，其中７ｇ／ｋｇ该方对皮下注射消炎痛（４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）引起的大鼠胃运动亢进有显著抑制作用，但对肌肉注射利血平（０．４ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１×４ｄ）引起的大鼠胃运动加强作用不明显。     

糖康颗粒剂对实验性糖尿病大鼠的药效学研究

糖康颗粒剂１６．４ｇ／ｋｇ、８．２ｇ／ｋｇ灌胃给药３周对实验性糖尿病大鼠有明显降血糖作用，可促进血清胰岛素的分泌，对血清胰高血糖素分泌无明显影响     

丹参注射液对实验性脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用机理

１．２ｇ／ｋｇ、６ｇ／ｋｇ丹参注射液ｉｐ３ｄ，可明显降低缺血再灌注引起的大鼠脑水肿，减少在脑皮层及海马组织ＭＤＡ含量，提高ＣＡＴ和ＳＯＤ的活性，提高ＧＳＨ量，并能使皮层及海马部位的ＡＴＰ含量增多，乳酸水平下降，丹参低剂量的抗自由基作用较高剂量组显著。     

螺旋藻营养片抗衰老抗疲劳的实验研究

观察了螺旋藻营养片（ＳＮＴ）抗衰老抗疲劳的作用。结果表明，老龄小鼠ｉｇＳＮＴ５ｇ／ｋｇ、１０ｇ／ｋｇ，能降低小鼠心、肝、脑ＭＤＡ含量，增加小鼠红细胞及脑ＳＯＤ活性，使小鼠全血、肝脏ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性及ＧＳＨ含量升高，并能明显抑制小鼠脑ＭＡＯ－Ｂ活性。小龄小鼠ｉｇＳＮＴ５ｇ／ｋｇ，１０ｇ／ｋｇ，能明显提高小鼠血清ＬＤＨ活性及加速运动后血乳酸的消除。     

补中益气汤的药理作用研究——抗胃粘膜损伤作用与机理

补中益气汤水煎剂预先灌胃大鼠,能有效地预防无水乙醇、0.6N HC1、0.2N NaOH和消炎痛对大鼠胃粘膜的急性损伤作用。该方有提高正常大鼠以及消炎痛处理大鼠胃壁结合粘液含量和腺胃部组织PGE_2含量的作用。     

Flavonoid-rich fraction of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex. Reiss protects the gastric mucosa of rodents through inhibition of both H+,K+ -ATPase activity and formation of nitric oxide

Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex. Reissek (Celastraceae), a medicinal plant known in Brazil as "espinheira-santa" is commonly used to treat gastric disorders. The effect of the flavonoid-rich fraction separated from the leaves was evaluated for its gastroprotective properties and the mechanism(s) involved in this activity. Intraperitoneal administration of the flavonoid-rich fraction potently protected rats from experimentally induced chronic (ED(50)=79 mg/kg) and acute gastric lesions by ethanol (ED(50)=25mg/kg) and indomethacin (ED(50)=4 mg/kg) without altering the decreased amount of cytoprotective glutathione and mucus amount in the injured gastric mucosa. A potent reduction of gastric acid hypersecretion (ED(50)=7 mg/kg, i.p.) was accompanied by a reduction of nitric oxide release (ED(50)=1.6 mg/kg, i.p.) in the gastric secretion of 2h pylorus ligated rats which suggests an important role for nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in vivo was correlated with the in vitro inhibition of rabbit gastric H(+),K(+)-ATPase activity (IC(50)=41 microg/mL). Chemical investigation of the fraction showed galactitol (25%), epicatechin (3.1%) and catechin (2%) as the majoritary components. Collectively, the results show that the flavonoid-rich fraction of Maytenus ilicifolia potently protects animals from gastric lesions with high potency through inhibition of gastric acid secretion.     

Gastric cytoprotective anti-ulcer effects of the leaf methanol extract of Ocimum suave (Lamiaceae) in rats

The anti-ulcerogenic potential of the leaf methanol extract of Ocimum suave (Lamiaceae) was investigated using four methods of gastric lesion induction in experimental Wistar rats (150-200 g): (1) HCl/ethanol-induced gastric lesions, (2) Absolute ethanol-induced gastric lesions, (3) Indomethacin-HCl/ethanol-induced gastric lesions, (4) Pylorus ligation-induced gastric lesions. Administration of the extract of O. suave to the rats by oral route (75-500 mg/kg) dose-dependently prevented the formation of acute gastric lesions induced using the four experimental techniques. The dose-dependent reduction of lesion formation was in all cases accompanied by significant increases in gastric mucus production. At the dose of 250 mg/kg there was complete inhibition of gastric lesions induced using the HCl/ethanol solution. Pre-treatment, by intraperitoneal route, with indomethacin significantly reduced the ability of the extract to inhibit the formation of HCl/ethanol-induced lesions. When the rats were subjected to pylorus ligation, the dose of 500 mg/kg completely inhibited lesion formation but did not have any effect on gastric acid secretion compared with the controls. The mucus secretion promoting effect of the extract was most significant when the gastric environment was highly acidic. These results suggest that a new anti-ulcer therapy regimen may be formulated which does not require the use of antacids and anti-secretory agents.     

干地黄煎剂防止无水乙醇性胃粘膜损伤作用及其机制

目的:研究干地黄对胃粘膜的保护作用及机制。方法:给大鼠胃饲无水乙醇1ml 造模,观察干地黄对胃粘膜损伤的影响;采用不同途径给药和预先肌肉注射消炎痛进行分析。结果:(1)分别提前15、30和120min 胃饲干地黄煎剂6g/kg 均能显著抑制胃粘膜损伤;(2)分别胃饲3、6和12g/kg 的干地黄煎剂能不同程度地抑制胃粘膜损伤,且有一定的量效对应关系;(3)十二指肠内注射干地黄煎剂6g/kg 对胃粘膜亦有保护作用;(4)预先注射消炎痛5mg/kg 不能取消干地黄对胃粘膜损伤的预防作用。结论:干地黄对胃粘膜有明显的保护作用,其对无水乙醇性损伤的预防机理可能与胃腔内的理化作用及前列腺素合成无关。     

Antidepressant-like effects of Xiaochaihutang in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Xiaochaihutang (XCHT) has been used in China for thousands of years to treat “Shaoyang syndrome”, which involves depressive-like symptoms. However, few studies have investigated its antidepressant effects and pharmacological mechanism of action. The present study was designed to confirm the antidepressant effect of XCHT using a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model and explore its potential mechanism of action by investigating the monoamine neurotransmitters (dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine) and neurotrophins (BDNF and NGF).

Materials and methods

The CUMS model was established in rats, and the antidepressant effect of XCHT (0.6, 1.7 and 5 mg/kg/day, given by gastric gavage for 4 weeks) was investigated using the open field test (OFT), food consumption test and sucrose preference test. The concentrations of 5-HT and DA in the hippocampus were measured by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). The expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and their receptors tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) and tyrosine receptor kinase A (TrkA) in the hippocampus were measured by immunohistochemical staining analysis.

Results

CUMS caused a significant decrease in OFT, food consumption and sucrose preference in rats, and these depression-like behaviors were significantly improved by XCHT (1.7 and 5 g/kg/day). Moreover, XCHT significantly increased the concentrations of 5-HT (0.6 and 5 g/kg/day) and DA (5 g/kg/day), and improved the BDNF, NGF, TrkB and TrkA expressions in the hippocampus (1.7 and 5 g/kg/day), which was reduced in CUMS rats.

Conclusion

The results obtained suggested that XCHT may have therapeutic actions on depression-like behavior induced by CUMS in rats possibly mediated by increasing the monoamine neurotransmitter concentration and neurotrophin expression in the hippocampus.     

Evaluation of turmeric (Curcuma longa) for gastric and duodenal antiulcer activity in rats

An ethanol extract of turmeric was studied in rats for its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and to protect gastroduodenal mucosa against the injuries caused by pyloric ligation, hypothermic-restraint stress, indomethacin, reserpine and cysteamine administration and cystodestructive agents including 80% ethanol, 0.6 M HCl, 0.2 M NaOH and 25% NaCl. An oral dose of 500 mg/kg of the extract produced significant anti-ulcerogenic activity in rats subjected to hypothermic-restraint stress, pyloruic ligation and indomethacin and reserpine administration. The extract had a highly significant protective effect against cystodestructive agents. The reduction in the intensity of ulceration of cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcers was not found to be statistically significant. Turmeric extract not only increased the gastric wall mucus significantly but also restored the non-protein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) content in the glandular stomachs of the rats.     

Effects of Ya-hom on the gastric secretion in rats

The effects of Ya-hom, Thai traditional recipe, on gastric-secretory function was evaluated to verify its use for stomach discomfort treatment. The actions of Ya-hom on the gastric acid, pepsin and mucus secretions were studied in histamine- and carbachol-induced gastric fistula rats. After the first hour of collection, histamine (10 mg/kg, intramuscular injection) or carbachol (20 microg/kg, intravenous injection) were injected to stimulate gastric secretion, and water or redissolved lyophilized Ya-hom extract (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 g/kg) were intraduodenally injected. The gastric samples were collected every hour for 5 h, at the end of which, the glandular part of the stomach was assayed for the visible mucus content. Ya-hom inhibited both histamine- and carbachol-induced gastric acid, pepsin and soluble mucus secretions in a dose-dependent manner. Ya-hom had a lower maximum inhibition on the acid-stimulating effects of the histamine than that of carbachol. Ya-hom had higher maximum inhibition on the pepsin and soluble mucus-stimulating effects of histamine than that of carbachol. Ya-hom also had a higher elevated effect on histamine-induced visible mucus than that of carbachol. This study reveals that Ya-hom inhibits the stimulatory effects of histamine and carbachol on the acid, pepsin and soluble mucus secretion but potentiates the visible mucus secretion. Attenuating gastric secretion by secretagogues and increasing gastric barrier effects are parts of Ya-hom's action on stomach discomfort treatment.     

小柴胡汤对大鼠脑中单胺类神经递质含量的影响

应用高效液相色谱电化学检测方法测定了小柴胡汤对大鼠不同脑区单胺类神经递质及其代谢产物含量的影响。结果表明,小柴胡汤200mg/Kg,p o一天两次,给药7次可显著升高下丘脑DOPAC和5-HIAA的含量,降低下丘脑、大脑皮层中5-HT/5-HIAA比值和纹状体DA/DOPAC比值,提示小柴胡汤对上述脑区单胺类神经递质的更新率有一定促进作用。     

Antiulcer and gastric antisecretory effects of dichloromethane fraction and piplartine obtained from fruits of Piper tuberculatum Jacq. in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Piper tuberculatum Jacq. (Piperaceae) is medicinally used as an analgesic and as a treatment for gastric complaints. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the gastroprotective and antisecretory properties of the dichloromethane fraction of the fruit of Piper tuberculatum (DFPT) and piplartine, a compound isolated from the DFPT, in rats.

Materials and methods

Gastric ulcers were induced in fasted rats by oral administration of absolute ethanol and then mucus content and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured. Mechanisms underlying the antisecretory action were studied through gastric H⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity of highly purified rabbit gastric microsomes and pylorus ligature method in rats.

Results

In the acute toxicity test the values of estimated LD₅₀ for oral and intraperitoneal administration of DFPT were 1.6266 and 0.2684 g/kg, respectively. The DFPT (ED₅₀=29 mg/kg, p.o.) and piplartine (4.5 mg/kg, p.o.) promoted gastroprotection against acute lesions induced by ethanol, effect that could be related with the maintenance of GSH levels in the gastric mucosa. However, only DFPT stimulated gastric mucus secretion. In vitro, the DFPT and piplartine inhibited the H⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity and, in vivo DFPT and piplartine also reduced basal gastric acid secretion, as well as that stimulated by pentagastrin.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that DFPT and piplatine cause marked gastroprotective effects accompanied by the increase and maintenance of gastric mucus and GSH levels, as well as a reduction in gastric acid secretion through the gastrinergic pathway.