巩膜池成形联合小梁切除及羊膜植入术治疗青光眼

目的:探讨巩膜池成形联合小梁切除及羊膜植入术治疗青光眼的临床疗效。方法:将临床收治的196例276眼青光眼患者施行巩膜池成形联合小梁切除及羊膜植入术,对比术后与术前眼压、并发症、房水流畅系数、滤过泡形态。随访3～16mo。结果:眼压术后1wk及1a不用降眼压药物情况下眼压控制在16～21mmHg;并发症:浅前房、低眼压及脉络膜脱离发生率低于10%;房水流畅系数平均0.28Cumm/min.mmHg;滤过泡形态为功能性滤过泡。结论:巩膜池成形联合小梁切除及羊膜植入术治疗青光眼降压效果明显,可以有效的抑制滤过泡的瘢痕组织形成,并发症少,是治疗青光眼安全、有效的手术方法,可以作为常规手术实施。     

生物羊膜在难治性青光眼复合式小梁切除术中应用的临床观察

目的:观察生物羊膜在难治性青光眼复合式小梁切除术中应用的临床疗效。方法:选择我院46例62眼难治性青光眼患者,随机分为两组,A组为观察组32眼,行复合式小梁切除联合生物羊膜植入术,B组为对照组30眼,行复合式小梁切除术。观察术后眼压、滤过泡、视力、前房及角膜、术后并发症。结果:随诊12mo,眼压:两组手术前后各时间点眼压均明显降低(P<0.01)。术后12mo平均眼压:A组为12.3±2.3mmHg,B组为15.7±2.7mmHg,两组术后各时间点眼压无统计学意义(P>0.05)。滤过泡:术后12mo A组功能型滤过泡28眼(88%),B组功能型滤过泡20眼(67%),两组间有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组发生浅前房5眼(16%),脉络膜脱离2眼(6%),B组浅前房3眼(10%),脉络膜脱离2眼(7%),滤过泡渗漏1眼(3%)。结论:复合式小梁切除术联合生物羊膜植入治疗难治性青光眼能有效提高手术成功率。     

青光眼复合式小梁切除术的临床观察

目的:观察复合式小梁切除术治疗青光眼的疗效和并发症。方法:施行复合式小梁切除术治疗青光眼122例132眼,观察术后眼压、滤过泡、视力及并发症,随访1a。结果:术后早期出现出现浅前房7眼,浅前房发生率5.3%。术后1a眼压平均16.7mmHg,118眼形成功能性滤过泡,占89.4%,手术成功率98.5%。结论:复合式小梁切除手术成功率及安全性高,并发症少。     

青光眼小梁切除联合巩膜瓣下羊膜填充的疗效观察

目的探讨青光眼小梁切除联合巩膜瓣下羊膜填充治疗青光眼的疗效。方法对12例（12眼）青光眼行小梁切除手术，术中联合巩膜瓣下羊膜填充，观察术后并发症的发生和滤过泡的形成以及术后眼压变化。结果（1）眼压：术后3月内，12眼眼压均在10～21mmHg；术后6月，有1眼需用1种降眼压滴眼液使眼压控制在21mmHg以内。（2）滤过泡：滤过泡Ⅰ、Ⅱ型滤过泡10眼；Ⅱ型滤过泡2眼。（3）并发症：术后前房有渗出反应8眼，前房有少量积血1眼，均在1周内恢复。结论小梁切除联合巩膜瓣下羊膜填充，在一定程度上提高了青光眼滤过手术的成功率。     

青光眼滤过术后浅前房的临床分析

目的:讨论青光眼术后浅前房形成的常见原因及处理方法。方法:回顾性总结甘肃省庆阳市人民医院1990-01/2009-06期间连续收治住院的358例501眼青光眼住院患者行青光眼滤过性手术后发生前房的原因、类型及处理方法。结果:共行青光眼滤过性手术501眼,其中118眼发生浅前房,发生率为23.6%。小梁切除术21.2%,小梁切除+MMC35.2%、青光眼联合白内障的三联手术10.9%。浅前房发生时间在术后1～7d,其中房水滤过过强47眼(39.8%),睫状体脉络膜脱离33眼(28.0%),结膜瓣渗漏27眼(22.9%),恶性青光眼8眼(6.8%),恶性青光眼合并睫状体脉络膜脱离1眼(0.8%),脉络膜上腔出血2眼(1.7%),除恶性青光眼外其余均伴有术后低眼压。需要手术治疗才能恢复前房37眼,其余81眼仅通过保守治疗均恢复前房。结论:青光眼术后浅前房发生率高,其常见的原因是房水滤过过强、睫状体脉络膜脱离及结膜瓣渗漏。通常发生在术后1～2d。以小梁切除+MMC术后浅前房发生率高,MMC不但阻止滤过泡的纤维化,而且能使房水分泌减少。大多数浅前房可通过保守治疗治愈,必要时须采取手术干预。     

结膜瓣下水囊的形成在复合式小梁切除术中的应用

目的:探讨复合式小梁切除术中结膜瓣下水囊的形成对预测和控制术后滤过量及减少并发症的疗效。方法:186例200眼原发性青光眼随机分为观察组与对照组。观察组行结膜瓣下水囊的形成结合复合式小梁切除术(即可拆缝线、丝裂霉素C和小梁切除术),对照组行复合式小梁切除术。同期进行疗效观察对比。指标包括视力、眼压、滤过泡、前房深度及并发症,随访12mo。结果:术后早期,观察组浅前房、滤过泡渗漏及并发症的发生率明显低于对照组,术后远期,观察组眼压明显低于对照组,视力下降及非功能性滤过的发生率也明显低于对照组。结论:结膜瓣下水囊的形成可有效控制眼压,减少术后滤过泡渗漏、浅前房、恶性青光眼等并发症发生。     

复合式小梁切除术在基层医院的应用

目的 观察复合式小梁切除术治疗青光眼的效果.方法 原发性青光眼59例(63眼)采用复合式小梁切除术,即在传统小梁切除术的基础上增加预置前房穿刺、术中丝裂霉素C的应用及可拆除调节缝线.术后随访3个月～1年,观察视力、眼压、滤过泡、前房及并发症情况.结果 术后眼压控制较好,全组63眼中,眼压≤21 mm Hg 61眼,滴降眼压药后眼压≥21 mm Hg者2眼.功能性滤过泡形成者61眼.前房形成快,术后1d轻度浅前房3眼,以复方托品卡胺滴眼后,恢复正常.未出现前房积血、滤过泡渗漏、低眼压或脉络膜脱离等术后并发症.结论 复合式小梁切除术操作简便,创伤小、并发症少.     

传统与复合式小梁切除术治疗高眼压青光眼的疗效

目的：比较复合式小梁切除术和传统小梁切除术在治疗青光眼持续高眼压的疗效差别。方法：回顾比较我院2006/2009年的103例103眼术前眼压控制不良的青光眼患者,这些患者分别行复合式小梁切除术59眼和传统小梁切除术44眼,比较这两种术式术后前房形成、眼压情况及滤过泡情况并作统计学分析。结果：患者103例103眼手术顺利完成,均未出现爆发性脉络膜上腔出血、玻璃体脱出等并发症。术后随访6~24mo,复合小梁切除组中不用任何药物眼压控制在10~21mmHg共49眼;传统小梁切除术组中不用任何药物眼压控制在10~21mmHg共31眼。应用SPSS 17.0软件进行分析,两者差异有显著性意义（P=0.002<0.05）,即复合小梁切除术比传统小梁切除术疗效好。结论：复合式小梁切除术对多种类型青光眼的近、远期效果好,并发症少,成功率高。     

难治性青光眼复合式小梁切除联合羊膜植入术疗效观察

目的:观察难治性青光眼复合式小梁切除联合羊膜植入术临床疗效。方法:选择我院80例86眼难治性青光眼患者,随机分为复合式小梁切除术联合羊膜植入术组(实验组)43眼和复合式小梁切除术组(对照组)43眼。观察术后眼压、滤过泡形成情况及并发症。结果:随诊12mo,平均眼压:实验组15.5±1.1mmHg,对照组19.7±2.5mmHg,两组术后平均眼压差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);功能性滤过泡:实验组(86%)较对照组(67%)多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后并发症(浅前房、脉络膜脱离和滤过泡渗漏)发生率实验组明显低于对照组。结论:复合式小梁切除联合羊膜植入术治疗青光眼具有手术成功率高,术后并发症发生率低的特点。     

复合式小梁切除术在青光眼治疗中的应用

目的:探讨复合式小梁切除术治疗青光眼的临床疗效。方法:对76例82眼青光眼施行复合式小梁切除术(小梁切除联合丝裂霉素C及可调节缝线),观察术后前房形成,视力改变,眼压,滤过泡及其他并发症的情况。结果:术后浅前房,低眼压,视力下降等并发症减少。结论:复合式小梁切除术治疗青光眼安全性高,术后并发症少,疗效确切,是青光眼手术治疗的理想术式。     

XEN‐45 collagen implant for the treatment of uveitic glaucoma

Importance

The XEN‐45 implant, a hydrophilic collagen implant which drains aqueous to the subconjunctival space, has not been investigated in the context of uveitic glaucoma.

Background

To determine the safety and efficacy of the XEN‐45 collagen implant in eyes with uveitic glaucoma.

Design

Exploratory prospective case series.

Participants

patients with medically uncontrolled uveitic glaucoma.

Methods

Twenty‐four consecutive patients (mean age ± standard deviation [SD] = 45.3 ± 18.1 years) were implanted with the XEN‐45 implant.

Main Outcome Measures

The primary outcome measure was intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction at 12 months as compared to baseline. Secondary outcome measures included ocular hypotensive medication use at 12 months, the requirement for further glaucoma surgery and failure. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were documented.

Results

The baseline mean ± SD IOP was 30.5 ± 9.8 mmHg and the mean ± SD number of glaucoma medications required was 3.3 ± 0.8. In 20 eyes (83.3%) in whom conventional glaucoma surgery was originally perceived to be inevitable, further surgery was not required after XEN‐45 implantation. The mean IOP was reduced by 60.2% from baseline to 12.2 ± 3.1 mmHg and mean medication usage was reduced to 0.4 ± 0.9 at 12 months (both P < 0.001). One patient had hypotony persisting beyond 2 months that required surgical revision and one patient developed blebitis. The 12‐month cumulative Kaplan–Meier survival probability was 79.2%.

Conclusions and Relevance

The XEN‐45 implant is effective for the treatment of patients with medically uncontrolled uveitic glaucoma. Potentially sight‐threatening complications, including bleb‐related ocular infection and persistent hypotony, may occur.     

Translational neuroprotection research in glaucoma: a review of definitions and principles

The maintenance of vision, through prevention and attenuation of neuronal injury in glaucoma, forms the basis of current clinical practice. Currently, the reduction of intraocular pressure is the only proven method to achieve these goals. Although this strategy enjoys considerable success, some patients progress to blindness; hence, additional management options are highly desirable. Several terms describing treatment modalities of neuronal diseases with potential applicability to glaucoma are used in the literature, including neuroprotection, neurorecovery, neurorescue and neuroregeneration. These phenomena have not been defined within a coherent framework. Here, we suggest a set of definitions, postulates and principles to form a foundation for the successful translation of novel glaucoma therapies from the laboratory to the clinic.     

房角金环植入术治疗顽固性青光眼的临床观察

目的　观察房角金环植入术治疗顽固性青光眼的近期和中期疗效。方法　对29例(29只眼)药物难以控制的青光眼行房角金环植入术。结果　随访2～23月,平均73±53月。眼压由术前(5134±1369)mmHg降至术后(2659±1127)mmHg。总成功率为7241%,其中非新生血管性青光眼的成功率为7692%,新生血管性青光眼的成功率为3333%。并发症包括前房积血、浅前房、术后早期低眼压、前部葡萄膜炎、金环与角膜内皮接触、金环外露、渗出性脉络膜脱离等。结论　房角金环植入术是一种治疗顽固性青光眼的有效方法。     

穿刺巩膜隧道植入Ahmed青光眼阀治疗难治性青光眼的疗效

目的:观察用23G针头直接穿刺制作巩膜隧道的方式植入Ahmed青光眼阀(Ahmed glaucoma valve,AGV)治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效及并发症。方法:观察44例44眼难治性青光眼患者,应用23G针头直接穿刺制作巩膜隧道,行青光眼阀植入术进行治疗。观察患者术后眼压、视力、并发症,并与术前进行对比。结果:本组患者成功率84.1%。术前眼压:52.1±10.1mm Hg,最后一次随访眼压15.6±6.9mm Hg。视力提高者11眼,视力无改变者27眼,视力降低者6眼。并发症包括:浅前房4例,脉络膜脱离3例,引流管移位1例,前房积血6例,引流管阻塞1例,脉络膜驱逐性出血1例,引流盘包裹5例。结论:直接穿刺巩膜隧道的方法植入青光眼阀,手术操作简单可行,避免了制瓣及异体巩膜移植,并简化了手术操作,防止术后房水管周渗漏,术后浅前房发生率低,为切实可行的手术方法。     

Predictability of success for combined iStent inject trabecular bypass implantation with phacoemulsification in the subsequent eye

Background

To investigate in combined iStent inject implantation with phacoemulsification carried out bilaterally, whether intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effectiveness in the first eye has a predictive potential for the outcome of the second eye in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods

This retrospective study included 72 eyes from 36 participants, who underwent trabecular bypass implantation in combination with cataract surgery at two study centres (Düsseldorf, Cologne). Surgery was classified as either ‘success’ or ‘failure’ based on three scores: IOP at follow-up <21 mmHg (Score A) or IOP < 18 mmHg (Score B), with an IOP reduction >20% respectively, without re-surgery and IOP ≤ 15 mmHg with an IOP reduction ≥40%, without re-surgery (Score C).

Results

The IOP lowering outcomes of first and second eyes did not differ significantly. There was a significantly higher chance of success in the second eye after effective surgery in the first eye compared with cases after a preceding failure. Within our cohort, a 76% probability of success for the subsequent eye was determined following prior success for Score A. This probability was reduced to 13% if surgery in the first eye failed. The respective probabilities were 75% and 13% for Score B and 40% and 7% for Score C.

Conclusions

In bilateral trabecular bypass implantation combined with cataract surgery, there is a high predictive potential for subsequent eyes based on the extent of IOP-lowering in the initial eye, which should be considered by the surgeon for second eye surgeries.     

Phacotrabeculectomy in Treatment of Primary Angle-closure Glaucoma and Primary Open-angle Glaucoma

Purpose To evaluate the surgical outcome of combined phacoemulsification, posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, and trabeculectomy (phacotrabeculectomy) in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) or primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).Methods The records of 57 consecutive patients (65 eyes) with PACG or POAG that were treated with phacotrabeculectomy were reviewed retrospectively. There were 31 eyes with PACG and 34 with POAG. The mean follow-up period was 21.0 ± 8.3 months. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), number of medications, and complications were evaluated.Results The mean IOP and the number of glaucoma medications decreased significantly after phacotrabeculectomy in both groups. The mean IOP reduction was significantly greater in eyes with PACG (P < 0.05). The absolute success rates were 87.1% and 70.6% in PACG and POAG, respectively. The difference in the success rates was not significant (P = 0.297). The early postoperative complication rates were similar in both groups.Conclusions Phacotrabeculectomy results in greater IOP reduction in eyes with PACG than in those with POAG, but the overall success rates were not significantly different. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2004;48:408–411 © Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2004     

A case of spontaneously resolved primary congenital glaucoma

Primary congenital glaucoma usually presents as enlarged and hazy cornea at birth or early childhood. The diagnosis is based on a thorough clinical examination under anesthesia. Most cases require surgical intervention as the definitive treatment. In very rare instances, primary congenital glaucoma may arrest and resolve spontaneously. We describe a case of spontaneously arrested and resolved primary congenital glaucoma in a 37-year-old male presenting with large cornea, Haab''s striae, and normal intraocular pressure in one eye. Such a case has not been previously described from the Indian subcontinent.     

Managing high risk glaucoma with the Ahmed valve implant: 20 years of experience

AIM: To estimate the efficacy and safety of the Ahmed implant in patients with high risk for failure after glaucoma surgery. METHODS: In 342 eyes of 342 patients with refractory glaucoma, even with application of medical treatment, the Ahmed valve was introduced for intraocular pressure (IOP) control, in the period of the last 20y. The nature of glaucoma was neovascular in 162 eyes, pseudophakic or aphakic in 49 eyes, inflammatory in 29 eyes and non working previous antiglaucomatic surgical interventions in 102 eyes. RESULTS: Follow-up ranged from 18 to 120mo with a mean follow-up of 63.2mo. IOP before the operation decreased from 31.6±10.4 mm Hg to 18.3±5.4 mm Hg (no systemic treatment) at the end of follow up period. When we compared the IOP values before the operation using ANOVA showed statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The success rate was 85.2% during the first semester, 76.8% at 12mo and 50.3% at the end of follow up period (18 to 120mo after implantation). Success rate was 25.7% in neovascular glaucoma, 63.2% in aphakic glaucoma and 73.8% in non working previous antiglaucomatic surgical interventions. Complications due to the implant were: serous choroidal detachment in 14.8%, blockage of the tube in 2.8%, malposition of the tube in 4.9%, suprachoroidal hemorrhage in 2.1%, cataract progression in 39.6% (phakic eyes), shallow anterior chamber in 9.2%, hyphaema in 28.9%, exposure of valve in 2.6%, exposure of tube in 9.3%, hypotony in 4.9% and conjunctival fibrosis in 41.5%. CONCLUSION: Despite the fact that Ahmed valve implant had suchlike results as other implants concerning the IOP control, complications rate due to hypotony or over filtration in the first days after the intervention are not that frequent as with other valve implants.     

Ahmed青光眼阀治疗难治性青光眼的作用和现状

青光眼是致盲性疾病,难治性青光眼的治疗更为棘手.青光眼房水引流物的出现,是治疗难治性青光眼的突破性进展,提高了中短期治疗成功率,同时也存在较多并发症.本文就常用的引流植入物-Ahmed青光眼阀在治疗难治性青光眼中的作用和研究现状作一综述.