2015─2017年新疆青河县山区动物鼠疫血清学和病原学调查

目的通过鼠疫病原学和血清学的实验检测结果,了解新疆青河县山区存在鼠疫自然疫源地的潜在状况。方法采用鼠疫"四步检验"法分离青河县山区捕获的长尾黄鼠及灰旱獭脏器、自毙动物脏器及骨骼和寄生蚤中的鼠疫菌;间接血凝试验(HA)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测动物脏器和寄生蚤悬液中的鼠疫F1抗原;长尾黄鼠、灰旱獭以及牧犬血清中的鼠疫F1抗体。结果经鼠疫"四步检验"和反向间接血凝(RIHA)检验长尾黄鼠脏器552份、灰旱獭脏器4份、自毙长尾黄鼠和灰旱獭脏器及骨骼13份、长尾黄鼠体外寄生蚤583只,均未检出鼠疫菌及F1抗原;检测长尾黄鼠血清552份,IHA法检出阳性1份、滴度1∶2~9,ELISA法检出阳性3份、平均滴度1∶2~8;检测牧犬血清129份,IHA法检出阳性6份、平均滴度1∶2^(3.83),ELISA法检出阳性8份、平均滴度1:26.75;其中牧犬鼠疫F1抗体阳性标本中检出鼠疫IgM抗体阳性2份,平均滴度1∶2^(5.5)。结论新疆青河县山区啮齿类动物间有鼠疫流行迹象,流行区域为花海子地区,存在潜在鼠疫自然疫源地,建议对该区域开展进一步鼠疫疫源性调查。     

IHA-SPA用于检测人、兔、猪弓形体感染

<正> 关于弓形体病的诊断,目前国内外常采用血清学方法,这些方法都只能检查完全抗体。为此,我们根据有关资料,建立了弓形体IHA～SPA的方法。此法敏感性高于间接血凝试验(IHA),它不但能检出完全抗体,而且也能检出不完全抗体,从而能提高被检血清的阳性率和阳性滴度,实验结果很满意,现报道如下。     

弱智儿童弓形虫感染情况的分析

弓形虫能侵犯多种细胞,尤其是大脑和神经系统损害较大,以致造成胎儿神经系统发育障碍,乃至终身残疾或死亡。自1988～1990年3月对本校附属新华医院神经儿内科门诊或住院的2～12岁患儿共189例及其99例弱智儿童的母亲进行了弓形虫血清学的普查(IHA,IFA—IgG,IFA—IgM)。结果189例各种神经发育延缓或障碍的儿童,血清抗体阳性为46例(IHA滴度1:80～160),阳性率为24.3％,其中63例智力低下儿童弓形虫抗体阳性率为     

快速免疫酶染色法检测实验家兔弓形体抗体的研究

应用快速免疫酶染色法(IESA)对弓形体感染的家兔进行抗体检测,并以IHA法作对照观察。以在被染成红色或淡红色弓形体虫体周围,形成的蓝色大小均匀的抗原抗体复合物颗粒的有、无、多、寡为判断阳性阴性标准。IESA法检测感染弓形体的家兔血清8份,标准阳性血清1份,均呈阳性反应,血清抗体滴度1:4～1:256,少数以1:1024试验也呈阳性;4份对照血清和1份阴性标准血清,除1份对照血清在1:4滴度出现可疑阳性外,其余均为阴性。IHA法9份阳性血清检测     

ELISA与IHA测定弓形虫抗体评价及正确运用

<正> 用ELISA与IHA同时测定2252份人血清,IHA阳性率4.00％,ELISA阳性率4.57％,P>0.05。其中共同阳性89份,共同阴性2148份,ELISA阳性而IHA阴性14份,ELISA阴性而IHA阳性1份,阳性符合率85.58％,总符合率99.33％。对38份不同血凝滴度的标本,用ELISA稀释定量,1:16~+5例中,ELISA滴度均<1:200;1:16~(+++)5例中,有2例ELISA滴度1:400;1:64~(++)16例中,有1例ELISA为1:200,>1:64的12例中,ELISA滴度均>1:400,最高1:12800。IHA与ELISA的阳性误差往往出自结果在临界值附近的标本。抗人IgG-ELISA不适于动物与禽类血清抗体检测,使用IHA,能显示其优越性。本文测定结果见(附表)。     

酶联免疫吸附试验测定流行性乙型脑炎病人血清中IgG及IgM抗体(摘要)

<正> 1983年我们在南昌市及吉水县,采用间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对临床诊断为乙型脑炎病人的111份血清作了IgG及IgM抗体测定,现报告如下。 (二)间接ELISA测定IgG抗体,结果南昌市54份血清,阳性49份广告水县57血清,阳性47份。南昌市54份血清同时测IgG和IgM,结果IgG阳性者49     

酶联免疫吸附试验检测弓形虫体IgA抗体及其临床应用的初步研究

试用弓形虫膜抗原ELISA对先天性弓形虫感染的畸形围产儿和后天获得性弓形虫感染者进行了特导性IgA抗体检测。11例先天性弓形虫宫内感染畸形围产儿的15份标本,6份检出IgA抗体,7份同时检出IgA;IgM抗体,两份仅检出IgM抗体。8份弓形虫抗体阳性的孕妇血清皆检出较强的IgA抗体。后天获得性弓形虫近期感染者32份血清,IgA抗体阳性3份,IgA、IgM抗体阳性8份,IgM抗体阳性21份;30份慢性感染者血清未有测到IgA抗体。对照组30份抗体阴性的孕妇血清及其围产儿的脐血检测结果抗体皆为阴性。IgA抗体是弓形虫感染早期的一个重要标志物,与IgM、IgG抗体同时检测,对临床急性弓形虫感染的诊断和疗效观察有着极其重大意义。     

间接免疫荧光试验与双夹心ELISA法检测弓形虫IgM和IgA抗体的比较

本试验是用酶标记的抗原测定弓形虫IgM和IgA抗体,与用全血清和蔗糖密度梯度离心分出的血清作间接免疫荧光测定以及双夹心ELISA(DS-ELISA)进行比较。试验结果:直接ELISA-IgM检测IgM抗体的特异性,血清组分是用蔗糖密度梯度离心分离的,被检查的分离物中有1份血清呈阳性。研究了类风湿因子(RF)的作用和在直接弓形体标记抗原法作ELISA-IgM上的特性,在78份健康实验室工作人员血清中,有15份血清带有IgM-RF抗体和高滴度的弓形虫IgG抗体;有13份患传染性单核细胞增生症的病人,用EB病毒(EBV)的IgM抗体对EBV进行检测,另外有15份血     

甘肃省张掖地区动物鼠疫IHA检测结果

:198 2年在肃南西水及其他地区开展了动物鼠疫血清 IHA检测 ,至 1995年共检验喜马拉雅旱獭 (Marmota hi-malayana简称旱獭 )血清 2 35 8份 ,阳性 118份 ,阳性率 5 .0 0 % ,F1抗体滴度从 1∶ 2 0～ 1∶ 5 12 0 ,几何平均滴度为1∶ 116 .5 0 ;牧犬血清 373份 ,IHA阳性 48份 ,阳性率 12 .87% ,F1抗体滴度为 1∶ 2 0～ 1∶ 6 40 ,几何平均滴度 1∶118.15 ;艾鼬血清 2 2份 ,阳性 6份 ,阳性率为 2 7.2 7% ,F1抗体滴度 1∶ 16 0～ 1∶ 12 80 ,几何平均滴度 1∶ 718.38;其他动物血清 IHA检测均为阴性     

感染登革病毒后抗体产生规律及应用于暴发疫情的血清学诊断

目的了解感染登革病毒后特异性抗体产生规律,指导基层实验室应用血清抗体检测方法对暴发疫情的早期病例作出正确诊断,为控制暴发提供实验室依据。方法采集福建省1次暴发登革热疫情中的发热病人和密切接触者血清标本441份,以及恢复期血清22份,用捕获法ELISA检测登革IgG和IgM抗体,并结合病例的流行病学资料进行分析。结果根据本研究规定的病例判定标准,441例中登革热感染者为228例。其中,IgM抗体检出226例,IgG抗体检出119例。226例IgM抗体阳性标本中,IgG抗体同时阳性的为118份;119例IgG阳性标本中,IgM抗体阴性1例;两者均阴性的标本中用RT-PCR方法检测出1例。22份恢复期血清两类抗体检测均为阳性。绝大部分病例集中在10～70岁,病例的职业分布较广,男女比例为1∶1.53。结论登革病毒感染后特异性IgM抗体在发病早期即可检出,并可维持至少一个半月,但个别病例发病早期IgM可能为阴性;IgG抗体随病程的延长,其检出率逐步增高,至发病后50 d,其检出率可达95%左右。本研究结果抗体产生规律同以往研究结果一致,可为基层实验室开展登革热血清学检测和病例诊断提供参考。     

小儿脑瘫、精神发育迟滞、癫痫与弓形虫感染关系的研究

本文同时采用3种血清学方法检测了210例不明原因的脑瘫、精神发育迟滞和癫痫患儿及100例正常小儿血清和部分患儿脑脊液弓形虫抗体。结果表明:脑瘫和精神发育迟滞弓形虫感染率分别为41.3％和38.6％,明显高于对照组(14％)(P<0.01),提示弓形虫感染是不明原因的脑瘫和精神发育迟滞的重要病因之一;癫痫组弓形虫感染率为18.3％,与对照组比较差别无显著性,似提示弓形虫感染可能与该组癫痫关系不大。在弓形虫抗体阳性患儿中,抗体效价多偏低,仅提示过去感染。患儿血中弓形虫抗体与其脑脊液中抗体之间有相关性。     

Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii antigens recognized by human sera obtained before and after acute infection

The antibody response to Toxoplasma gondii was studied in human serum samples obtained before and during acute infection with T. gondii. Analysis was by the Sabin-Feldman dye test, double-sandwich IgM ELISA, agglutination test, and protein blots of toxoplasma antigens. Seventeen patients were studied: 12 pregnant women, 2 heart transplant recipients, and 3 symptomatic but immunologically normal individuals. Both IgM and IgG protein blots of the first serologically positive serum sample from each patient revealed new bands, as well as intensified staining of bands noted with the serologically negative serum samples. In each patient, bands corresponding to antigens of approximately 4 kilodaltons (kDa; IgM blots) and of approximately 35 kDa (IgG) were the most intensely stained. In one patient, IgM antibodies to the 4-kDa antigen(s) were demonstrable by protein blots before they were demonstrable by IgM ELISA. IgG protein blots of sera from individuals with chronic infection with T. gondii revealed weakly reactive antibodies to both the 4-kDa and 35-kDa antigens; these bands were not demonstrable in the IgM blots.     

弱智儿童弓形虫抗体检测的连续观察与分析

目的弓形虫感染与弱智儿童等神经系统发育迟钝儿童之间的关系,笔者在对市某社会福利院及本市某小学智力欠佳的儿童进行了弓形虫血清学的检测与分析的基础上,选择部分病例分别在治疗3个月和6个月后,采用乙酰螺旋霉素等药物治疗,用同样的方法检测弓形虫抗体进行对照性观察。方法选择弱智儿童18人在接受用乙酰螺旋霉素治疗后的3个月和6个月采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和间接红细胞凝集试验(IHA)法进行弓形虫特异性Ab的检测。结果弱智儿童治疗组在治疗3个月和6个月以后的弓形虫抗体平均阳性检出率分别为16.67%,3/18(ELISA);11.11%,2/18(IHA)和5.56%,1/18,(ELISA)/5.56%,1/18,(IHA),低于弱智儿童未治疗组的平均阳性检出率(20.69%,6/29,ELISA;21.14%,7/29,IHA)。但高于正常对照组1.96%,1/51(ELISA);1.96%,1/51(IHA)。弱智儿童治疗6个月治疗组和弱智儿童未治疗组两组差异显著(X2=1.54,ELISA;X2=2.01,IHA。P<0.05)。结论儿童的弓形虫感染与其母亲在孕期或本人与动物的密切接触有关。因弓形虫能损害大脑和神经系统,严重影响儿童神经系统的发育和功能,成为优生优育的一大隐患。因此,防止母子间垂直传播和避免妇女(特别在孕期)与动物接触是预防儿童弓形虫感染的主要关键。提示临床上弱智儿童首先应及时进行弓形虫抗体的检测;其次应及时应用抗弓形虫的药物治疗。有利于弱智儿童智力的尽可能恢复。     

Serodiagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever: comparison of IgM and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and indirect fluorescent antibody test

To characterize IgM and IgG antibody responses in Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), a microtiter enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using density gradient-purified Rickettsia rickettsii as antigen was developed. Sera of vaccinated individuals and patients with RMSF were tested by ELISA and by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) tests. Diagnostic agreement between ELISA and the IFA test was 76% and 52% for IgG and IgM antibody, respectively. Diagnostic agreement between the ELISA for IgG antibody and the IFA test for total immunoglobulins was 84%. The ELISAs for IgM and IgG antibody were as specific (100%) and as sensitive (100%) as the IFA test (83%-100%) in detecting antibody increases in paired sera from persons with RMSF and were superior to the IFA test in detecting seroconversions in vaccinees. The ELISA also detected antibodies in a single convalescent-phase serum with sensitivity and reliability. The ELISA for IgG antibody is appropriate for seroepidemiology and serodiagnosis since it permits measurement of antibody at a single dilution of serum up to a year after illness.     

间接ELISA检测弓形虫感染鼠NTPase-Ⅱ抗体的研究

目的建立检测小鼠血清中刚地弓形虫NTPase-Ⅱ特异性IgGI、gM抗体的间接ELISA法,探讨用于弓形虫感染早期检测的应用价值。方法以刚地弓形虫NTPase-Ⅱ融合蛋白为包被抗原建立间接ELISA法,动态检测刚地弓形虫实验感染鼠血清NTPase-Ⅱ特异性IgGI、gM抗体变化。试验设脑囊虫病、血吸虫病及肺吸虫病病人血清对照。结果小鼠血清中的抗NTPase-Ⅱ抗体IgM于弓形虫感染后第3 d开始出现阳性反应,IgG抗体于感染后第7 d开始出现阳性反应,脑囊虫病、血吸虫病及肺吸虫病病人血清特异性IgG阳性率分别为0、1.92%和0。结论间接ELISA检测弓形虫感染鼠血清NTPase-Ⅱ抗体的敏感性和特异性较高,有望应用于人感染弓形虫的早期检测。     

Evaluation of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in the immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis.

Eighty-six bilharzial patients divided into 5 clinical groups were studied. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) and indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test were performed for all the patients. ELISA gave the most sensitive results (82.6% and 80.2% positivity rate in Egypt and Lille respectively), followed by IFA (79.1% positivity rate) and IHA (77.9% and 75.6% positivity rate in Egypt and Lille respectively). The humoral antibodies detected by all methods (ELISA, IFA and IHA) showed increasing values with the progress of the disease which is parallel to the antigenicity of the disease. Both the positivity rate and the mean value of antibody titres recorded by the 3 diagnostic techniques (ELISA, IFA and IHA) were significantly higher in mansoni than haematobium infection. This may be explained by species specificity of antibody response. The superiority of ELISA over IFA and IHA techniques was discussed.     

Borrelia burgdorferi (strain B. afzelii) antibodies among Malaysian blood donors and patients

In this study, the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi (strain B. afzelii) among Malaysian blood donors and patients admitted to hospital with various infectious diseases was determined. Sera were screened using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); positive sera were then subjected to Western blot testing. All but one of the blood donors were negative for borrelial antibodies. Of 121 patients' sera, IgM antibodies were detected in 24 (19.8%) and IgG antibodies were detected in 5 (4.1%) sera. Only one of two patients with skin manifestations suggestive of Lyme disease had IgM antibody against B. afzelii. Of 30 patients with exposure to tick typhus, 4 (13.3%) were IgM positive and 1 (3.3%) was IgG positive. Based on the detection of antigenic bands by Western blot, 6 patients' sera showed positive reactions. Antigenic bands of p39, p41 and p59/62 kDa were the commonest findings of Western blotting. This study provides serological evidence of B. afzelii infections in Malaysia; further investigation is needed to correlate serological and clinical findings.     

太原市健康人群弓形虫感染现状调查

目的了解太原市健康人群弓形虫感染现状。方法采取整群、分层抽样的原则,抽取太原市5个社区858名健康者,其中男性279人,女性579人。ELISA法检测血清弓形虫特异性IgM和IgG抗体。结果在抽检的858名健康者中,弓形虫IgM阳性8人,阳性率0.93%;其中男性3人,阳性率1.08%;女性5人,阳性率0.86%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.725,P>0.05)。IgG抗体阳性35人,阳性率4.08%;其中男性9人,阳性率3.23%;女性26人,阳性率4.49%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.770,P>0.05)。育龄期妇女弓形虫IgG抗体阳性率为1.20%。50~60岁人群阳性率高于其他年龄人群。结论太原市健康人群弓形虫感染率较低,对育龄期妇女威胁较小。     

Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Chlamydophila pneumoniae-specific immunoglobulin M in acute respiratory tract infection

Background and objective:   The study evaluated a newly developed ELISA (Hitazyme Chlamydophila pneumoniae ) for detecting anti- C. pneumoniae -specific IgM antibody, by comparing the ELISA assay to a microimmunofluorescence (MIF) test and immunoblotting.
Methods:   One hundred patients with acute respiratory tract infections (58 children and 42 adults) were enrolled in the study. Paired sera were obtained from all subjects for serological testing of C. pneumoniae .
Results:   C. pneumoniae IgM positivity was observed in 36 (62.0%) children and 11 (26.1%) adults. However, MIF test or immunoblot revealed only four positive reactions in these patients. These four IgM-positive patients were also positive by ELISA. A significant increase in IgG and/or IgA antibody titres in paired sera was observed in three of the four patients. Of the remaining 96 patients, no significant increase in IgG or IgA antibody titre in the paired sera was observed. To confirm the positive reactivity of ELISA, positive sera were also analysed by recombinant enzyme immunoassay. Forty-three cases that were IgM-positive only by ELISA were all negative by recombinant enzyme immunoassay and the ELISA results were considered to be false-positives.
Conclusions:   These results indicate that a newly developed ELISA for detecting anti- C. pneumoniae -specific IgM antibody frequently generates false-positive findings in patients with acute respiratory tract infections, at the current cut-off level. Further studies are needed to determine an appropriate cut-off level and the possible causes of the false-positive results in the ELISA.