Mac ELISA测定乙脑患者血清和脑脊液中特异性IgM的评价

用抗体捕捉ELISA法(Mac ELISA)检测临床疑似流行性乙型脑炎(下称乙脑)病人脑脊液88份,阳性51份,阳性率57.95％;血清91份,阳性56份,阳性率为61.53％,两者无显著性差异(X~2=0.238 P>0.05);包括取自同一患者的脑脊液和血清各72份,阳性率分别为61.11％和68.05％;而分析其中14例IgG呈4倍以上增高,乙脑患者脑脊液IgM阳性13例,而血清IgM阳性却只有8例,提示在疫区流行季节内仅仅血清学IgM阳性有时可能为乙脑隐性感染的同时还伴其它有关病毒感染。     

酶联免疫吸附试验检测人血清弓形体IgG,IgM抗体的研究

对ELISA检测人血清弓形体IgG、IgM抗体进行了研究。450份孕妇血清中,ELISA阳性率显著高于IHA;抗体滴度分折,ELISA一般高于IHA2～10倍。25份ELISA IgG抗体阳性血清,IFA检出19份;3份IgM抗体阳性和2份IgG、IgM抗体均阳性血清,IFA分别检出2份。2份阴性和4份含不同抗体滴度的阳性血清于第一次测定后,第7天和第21天测定的阴、阳性结果一致,OD值变异系数为2.43～16.52％。39份阳性血清抗体滴度与OD值呈直线比例关系(r=0.991,P<0.0005)。结果表明,ELISA用于弓形体感染的血清学诊断具有较好的实用性。     

流行性出血热患者唾液中特异性IgM抗体检测

本文报道应用IgM—抗体捕捉ELISA法检测流行性出血热患者唾液中特异性IgM抗体的结果。该法特异、敏感。检测出EHF患者发病第一天的唾液IgM抗体,阳性率92.86％(26/28)。其中21例在第15～20病日同时采集血清和唾液标本,检测结果唾液IgM阳性率80.95％(17/21)、将血清唾液IgM抗体均阳性的标本5例经2—ME试验,加热试验证明了其特异性。唾液标本较血清取材更方便、简单、成本低。     

猪感染乙型脑炎与人乙型脑炎关系的研究

我们用HI试验和温敏试验,检测了320份猪血清中的乙脑抗体,HI和IgM抗体阳性率分别为79.1％(GMT29.8)和40％。HI和IgM抗体阳转率的高峰期分别在7月中旬(100％)和6月上旬(54.3％)。猪乙脑抗体阳转率的高低与人乙脑疫情(96例)具有相应的关系(K=53,P<0.05),可用它来预测和预报人乙脑疫情。     

滴金免疫法快速检测流行性乙型脑炎血清特异性IgM

目的建立滴金免疫法检测流行性乙型脑炎患者血清特异性IgM的方法。方法将乙脑病毒的特异性抗原点于硝酸纤维素薄膜上，用来捕获血清和脑普液标本中的特异性IgM抗体，通过胶体金标记的抗人μ链单克隆抗体结合物来直接显色，阳性者出现红色斑点。结果用本方法与2一流基乙醇耐性试验对比检测血清标本50份和脑脊液标本45份，两法的总符合率分别为98.0％和95.6％。结论本方法简便、快速，适于向基层推广，对乙脑的早期诊断有重要的临床意义。     

传染病及寄生虫病

100001 组织培养抗原和粪便抗原检测甲型肝炎IgM抗体的比较熊启华等上海医学 6(10):589,1983 此为上海市卫生防疫站的资料,组织培养抗原简称TCAg,粪便抗原简称FAg。共测甲肝患者血清标本115份中,结果TCAg阳性64份,阴性51份;FAg阳性51份,阴性64份。符合率为88.7％。TCAg阳性而FAg阴性者13份,未发现FAg阳性而TCAg阴性者。而正常人和非甲肝患者IgM抗体均     

酶联免疫吸附试验检测弓形虫体IgA抗体及其临床应用的初步研究

试用弓形虫膜抗原ELISA对先天性弓形虫感染的畸形围产儿和后天获得性弓形虫感染者进行了特导性IgA抗体检测。11例先天性弓形虫宫内感染畸形围产儿的15份标本,6份检出IgA抗体,7份同时检出IgA;IgM抗体,两份仅检出IgM抗体。8份弓形虫抗体阳性的孕妇血清皆检出较强的IgA抗体。后天获得性弓形虫近期感染者32份血清,IgA抗体阳性3份,IgA、IgM抗体阳性8份,IgM抗体阳性21份;30份慢性感染者血清未有测到IgA抗体。对照组30份抗体阴性的孕妇血清及其围产儿的脐血检测结果抗体皆为阴性。IgA抗体是弓形虫感染早期的一个重要标志物,与IgM、IgG抗体同时检测,对临床急性弓形虫感染的诊断和疗效观察有着极其重大意义。     

江苏地区无偿献血者弓形虫感染情况调查

目的调查江苏地区无偿献血者弓形虫感染情况。方法采用弓形虫抗体ELISA试剂盒筛查献血者血清中IgM和IgG,对比分析不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、职业和文化程度的献血人群的弓形虫感染率;设计针对弓形虫B1基因的引物,从抗体阳性血液标本的白膜中提取DNA,进行PCR检测。同时对搜集的双边抗-HCV阳性标本、抗-TP双边阳性且TPPA阳性标本以及合格血液标本进行PCR检测。结果共计筛查420名献血者血清标本的弓形虫抗体,其中IgM阳性5例(1. 19%),IgG阳性14例(3. 33%),总抗体阳性率为4. 52%。调查显示,献血者性别、年龄、职业和受教育程度与弓形虫抗体感染均无显著相关性。19份弓形虫抗体阳性标本、50份抗-HCV阳性标本、52份抗-梅毒螺旋体和TPPA阳性标本、50份HBsAg阳性标本以及140例合格血液标本均未检测到弓形虫DNA。结论江苏地区无偿献血者有一定的弓形虫感染率,对血液供应安全的影响还需要加大样本量进行调查和评估。     

脑炎

0907 流行性乙型脑炎特异性诊断的研究欧阳宗仁等中华内科杂志20(4):225,1981文章分析北京市第二传染病医院1979年临床诊断为乙脑的39例的五项特异性实验诊断结果。其中以微量免疫荧光法检测乙脑特异 IgM 抗体的阳性率为最高(97％),白细胞粘附抑制试验次之(阳性率为69.4％),用检测血凝抑制(HI)抗体的方法检查乙脑特异 IgM 抗体的阳性率低于上述两法(62.1％),而乙脑补体结合抗体测定以及乙脑血凝抑制抗体测定的阳性率分别为45.8％和32.1％,不     

弓形虫IgM-抗体捕捉酶联免疫吸附法的初步探讨

<正> 本文主要报道采用羊抗人IgM(n链特异)抗体包被,加受检血清,然后加弓形虫抗原和抗弓形虫特异性多抗的IgM-抗体捕捉酶联免疫吸附法(I_gM anti-body-capture ELISA)检测抗弓形虫特异性IgM的结果。该法检测肉类加工人员,献血员阳性率分别为44.7％×(38/85)和2.6％(1/36),而用常规间接IgM-ELISA阳性率分别为62.3％(53/85)和13.9％(5/36);同时与抗核抗体阳性血清和类风湿因子阳性血清的交叉反应阳性率,捕捉法为0％(0/36),间接法为0％和42.9％(15/36),并且对其中7份捕捉法检出IgM阳性的类风温因子阳性血清经2-ME吸收试验,结果确     

Usefulness of RT-PCR for the diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis in clinical samples

The present study was carried out between July 2003 and December 2005 in PGIMER, Chandigarh, India and aimed to compare IgM capture ELISA and nested RT-PCR for the diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis (JE). The samples collected were cerebrospinal fluid and blood from 40 febrile patients with encephalitis (n=40, group I) and blood samples from febrile patients without encephalitis residing in JE endemic areas (n=45, group II). Overall, in CSF samples JE specific RNA was detected in 9/40 (22.5%), while 7/28 (25%) patients showed the presence of specific IgM antibodies. Only 28 CSF samples could be subjected to both RT-PCR and IgM and, among these, 13 cases were found to be confirmed JE based on IgM and/or RT-PCR positivity. Among the confirmed cases, 6 (6/13, 46.5%) could be detected by RT-PCR alone, 4 (4/13, 30.7%) by IgM capture ELISA and 3 (3/13, 23.1%) patients were positive by both the methods. All the RT-PCR positive cases had presented within 5 d of onset of illness. The serum samples of only 16 patients in group I could be tested for IgM antibodies and 5 (31.25%) were found to be positive, while in group II, 11.1% (5/45) positivity was observed. JE specific RNA could not be detected in serum samples of either group of patients. This study highlights the need for carrying out RT-PCR in CSF samples, compared to IgM antibody detection, for the early detection of JEV.     

IFAT检测登革热IgM抗体的初步探讨

目的探讨用间接免疫荧光试验（ＩＦＡＴ）检测登革热ＩｇＭ抗体。方法采集１９９５年７～１１月份广东省登革热Ⅰ型流行期间疑似患者发病１～７ｄ血清６２份,用ＩＦＡＴ检测登革热ＩｇＭ抗体。结果阳性率为２４．１９％（１５／６２）,发病４～５ｄ的阳性率最高为４０．００％以上。ＩｇＭ阳性滴度在１∶１０～１∶４０之间,多数为１∶１０（８／１５）。本法与乙脑血清有交叉反应,与其他非登革热血清无交叉反应。在发病５～６ｄ的患者中可同时检测出登革热的ＩｇＭ和ＩｇＧ抗体。结论发病１～３ｄ的血清可进行病毒分离,４～６ｄ的血清可检测ＩｇＭ抗体,如阴性则再检测ＩｇＧ,以提高登革热的检出率。     

Use of dengue NS1 antigen for early diagnosis of dengue virus infection

Accurate and timely diagnosis of dengue virus is important for early detection of dengue virus infection. In this study, the usefulness of the dengue NS1 antigen test was evaluated as a routine, rapid diagnostic test for dengue virus infection. A total of 208 sera from patients suspected of having dengue virus infection were collected and tested for dengue antibody, dengue genome and dengue NS1 antigen. Dengue antibody test, dengue PCR test and dengue antigen test were able to detect dengue virus infection from Days 1 to 8 in 72.8, 52.8 and 44.0% of samples, respectively. Of the 208 sera tested, 69.2% (144/208) of the acute sera were positive for dengue virus infection based on IgM antibody, IgG antibody, NS1 antigen and PCR tests. Thirty-two point two percent of the samples (67/208) were found positive for dengue NS1 antigen, 38.5% (80/208) were PCR positive, 40.9% (85/208) were IgM positive and 36.1% (75/208) were IgG positive for dengue virus. The results reveal the detection rate of dengue virus infection was similar for PCR and dengue antibody (65.9%) and for NS1 antigen and dengue antibody (62.0%) combinations. Therefore, the dengue NS1 antigen test can be used to complement the current antibody test used in peripheral laboratories. Thus, the combination of the NS1 antigen and antibody tests could increase the diagnostic efficiency for early diagnosis of dengue infection.     

抗戊型肝炎病毒IgG和IgM抗体对诊断急性戊型肝炎的意义

目的 探讨抗戊型肝炎病毒（ＨＥＶ）ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＭ抗体对诊断急性戊型肝炎（ＨＥ）的意义。方法 应用酶联免疫法（ＥＩＡ）检测我国７个城市共计１４３例散发性ＨＥ病人急性期血清和其中５６例病人的３５９份系列血清,以及４只实验感染ＨＥＶ猕猴的６８份系列血清的抗－ＨＥＶＩｇＭ和ＩｇＧ。结果 ７个城市１４３例散发性ＨＥ病人急性期血清抗－ＨＥＶＩｇＧ阳性率为１００．０％,明显高于抗－ＨＥＶＩｇＭ（７３．４％）,９     

Serological diagnosis of hepatitis B and delta virus (HBV/HDV) coinfection

Diagnosis of acute hepatitis B virus/hepatitis delta virus (HBV/HDV) coinfection is currently based on detection of anti-HD, however this antibody may be undetectable during the acute phase of hepatitis. To evaluate the entity of misdiagnosis of HBV/HDV coinfection in acute HBsAg-anti-HBc IgM positive hepatitis we examined sera from 245 consecutive patients obtained at admission and day 30, 60, 120, 210 and 400 of their follow-up. Anti-HD was detected in the serum of 26 out of 245 patients (10.6%). In 15% of cases it was present at admission, while in 92% it was found after 30 days. The combined detection of HDV-RNA, HDAg and IgM anti-HD in acute phase sera allowed a correct etiologic diagnosis in 69% of the cases. These findings suggest that the prevalence of HBV/HDV coinfection is underestimated when anti-HD is the only marker to be detected during the acute phase of disease. A correct etiologic diagnosis can only be made by testing acute phase sera for all the available markers of HDV. However, the best cost-effective procedure is to test any patient with HBV markers at presentation for anti-HD, 30-40 days after the onset of symptoms.     

Laboratory diagnosis of acute measles infections in hospitalized children in Zambia

Summary Laboratory diagnosis of measles infection is rarely performed in developing countries and tends to depend on clinical symptoms alone. We evaluated detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies for confirmation of acute measles infection in Zambia. In 149 hospitalized children with clinical diagnosis of measles, IgM antibodies were detected in 88.6% (132/149). The IgM-positive rate increased with time after onset of skin rash and all samples were positive after ₄ days. In addition to IgM antibody test, virus isolations from throat swabs using B₉₅a cells were also performed. These were positive in only 20.9% (14/67), and both IgM and virus isolation in combination increased the positive rate to 92.5% (62/67). Vaccinated children had higher neutralizing (Nt) antibody responses and, among IgM-negative patients, all ₄ vaccinated children had high Nt antibodies while all 10 unvaccinated children had negative or low Nt results. The IgM antibody test was proved to be a sensitive method for laboratory confirmation of measles virus infection in developing countries.     

应用捕获ELISA检测肾综合征出血热患者尿液中特异性IgM抗体

目的 检测紧综合征出血热患者尿液中特异性IgM抗体,研究早期诊断方法。方法：用MacELISA法检测不同病日HFRS病人尿液中特异性IgM抗体。结果：HFRS病人尿夜中特异性IgM抗体总阳性率为76.47%,第3病日即可出现阳性,7－9病日阳性率可达83.87%,与同期HFRS病人血清抗体检测对比无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。结论：用MacELISA检测HFRS尿液中特异性IgM抗体敏感性高,特异性强,适合早期诊断。     

酶联免疫吸附试验检测猪血清的乙型脑炎抗体的评价

本文报告用酶联免疫吸附试验捕获法和间接法分别检测猪血清乙型脑炎IgM和IgG抗体。酶标法测得的IgM和IgG滴度与血凝抑制试验滴度显著相关。但前者可测出70％的IgG型抗体和63.3％的IgM型抗体,而后者仅56.7％阳性。在乙脑流行季节,两种类型的乙脑抗体出现几乎同样快。IgG可持续终身。IgM仅在短期内检测到,当表示猪乙脑新感染。