阿托伐他汀对冠心病患者肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响

目的：应用高频超声观察冠心病（CAD）患者，经阿托伐他汀治疗后对肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能（EDD）的改善作用。方法：经冠脉造影（CAG）确诊为CAD患者59例，利用高频超声血管技术检测阿托伐他汀对CAD患者治疗前后肱动脉EDD的疗效。结果：阿托伐他汀治疗2年后，EDD比治疗前有明显改善（P〈0．05），与对照组相比无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。常规治疗组治疗2年后，EDD无明显改善（P〉0．05），与阿托伐他汀组治疗后及对照组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：阿托伐他汀具有改善EDD的作用。     

Early and late effects of coronary artery bypass grafting on cardiac haemodynamics during daily physical activities in patients with coronary artery disease

This study investigated the early and late effects of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on left ventricular (LV) function during different physical daily activities in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD). In ten patients with multivessel CAD, cardiac haemodynamics were assessed during a 6-min walk test and during stair climbing 8±2 days before (study 1) and 15±3 days (study 2) and 120±3 days (study 3) after CABG. LV function was monitored by an ambulatory radionuclide system. In study 1, the walk test induced a significant increase in relative end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV) and no change in LV ejection fraction as compared to rest. In both study 2 and study 3, EDV increased significantly and ESV was unchanged. As a consequence, LV ejection fraction rose from 48%±8% to 52%±10% and from 48%±7% to 51%±6%, respectively (both P<0.05). In study 1, stair climbing induced a significant increase in EDV and ESV and as a consequence LV ejection fraction decreased from 46%±8% to 42%±9% (P<0.05) as compared to rest. In both study 2 and study 3, EDV increased significantly whereas ESV did not change. As a consequence, LV ejection fraction rose from 48%±8% to 52%±7% and from 48%±8% to 51%±7%, respectively (both P<0.05). In conclusion, CABG has beneficial effects on cardiac performance during moderate or more intense physical activity in patients with multivessel CAD and these effects are due to improvement in systolic function. Radionuclide monitoring of LV function provides an objective method for quantitative evaluation of cardiac performance after CABG.     

PCI compared with medical therapy in elderly patients with chronic symptomatic coronary artery disease

PCI compared with medical therapy in elderly patients with chronic symptomatic coronary artery disease!050000$河北医科大学第二医院@刘晓堃 !050000$河北医科大学第二医院@傅向华 !050000$河北医科大学第二医院@马宁     

Influence of risk factors on coronary flow reserve in patients with 1-vessel coronary artery disease.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors influence the hyperemic response in patients without coronary artery stenosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of risk factors on coronary flow reserve (CFR) estimated by (99m)Tc-sestamibi cardiac imaging in patients with 1-vessel CAD. METHODS: Forty-eight patients with 1-vessel CAD were enrolled in the study. Systemic hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and cigarette smoking were considered CAD risk factors. Within 48 h, all patients underwent coronary angiography and regional CFR assessment by (99m)Tc-sestamibi imaging with dipyridamole (0.74 mg/kg of body weight). Eight patients had no risk factors, 14 had 1 risk factor, 18 had 2 risk factors, and 8 had 3 risk factors. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD CFR of the narrowed coronary vessel was 1.28 +/- 0.43 in the overall study population (1.52 +/- 0.30 in patients with 50%-70% stenosis and 0.94 +/- 0.75 in patients with >70% stenosis; P < 0.001). Two-factor ANOVA showed that the number of risk factors significantly affected CFR (P < 0.001) in patients with 50%-70% stenosis, whereas significance was only borderline in patients with >70% stenosis. Finally, a significant interaction among the degree of coronary artery stenosis, the number of risk factors, and the estimated CFR was found (F(3) = 14.0; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: CFR is inversely related to the number of conventional risk factors in patients with 1-vessel CAD and intermediate coronary artery stenosis, whereas this influence is less evident in patients with more severe stenosis.     

Past physical activity, current physical activity, and risk of coronary heart disease

PURPOSE: Middle-aged and older women who are physically active have decreased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD); however, little is known about how physical activity during young adulthood influences activity during middle age and older, and CHD risk. We examined the relationship between 1) physical activity during young adulthood and middle age, and 2) physical activity during each time period and CHD occurring in middle age or older. METHODS: Cohort study of 39,876 healthy U.S. female health professionals, age > or = 45 yr, in the Women's Health Study. Physical activity was reported at baseline. Additionally, physical activity in high school and age 18-22 yr was reported on the 24-month follow-up survey. Women were followed for an average of 9 yr, after the 24-month survey, for CHD occurrence (N = 477). RESULTS: Among 37,169 eligible participants at baseline, the most active women (vigorous physical activity 10-12 months x yr) during high school and age 18-22 yr were more than twice as likely to meet physical activity recommendations at baseline than the least active women (no vigorous activity) during high school and age 18-22 yr (multivariate-adjusted odds ratio = 2.43; 95% C.I. 2.24, 2.63). At baseline, the most active women (> or = 1500 kcal x wk(-1)) had a 39% lower risk of CHD during follow-up than the least active (<200 kcal x wk(-1)) (multivariate-adjusted relative risk = 0.61; 95% C.I. 0.46, 0.81). However, physical activity during young adulthood was not associated with risk of CHD occurring during middle age and older. CONCLUSION: Women who are physically active during young adulthood are more likely to be active when middle-aged and older, when rates of CHD increase, and physical activity during middle-age predicts lower risk of CHD.     

老年冠心病小血管置入EXCEL支架的安全性与有效性

目的观察老年冠心病患者小血管置入国产EXCEL支架的安全性与有效性。方法本研究对老年冠心病患者单纯置入小血管支架（支架直径〈3.0 mm,297例）和单纯置入大血管支架（直径≥3.0 mm,405例）进行对比分析,术后6、12、18个月进行随访,观察临床不良事件（major adverse cardiac events,MACE）发生情况及血栓发生率。结果 6～18个月时两组间MACE事件、靶病变血运重建（target lesion revascularization,TLR）、心源性病死率差异无统计学意义,但非致命性急性心肌梗死（myocardial infarction,MI）及累计血栓事件老年小血管支架组较大血管组增加（P〈0.05）。结论老年冠心病患者小血管内置入国产EXCEL比同龄大血管冠心病患者血栓累计发生率高。     

钙化对FFR CT诊断冠状动脉疾病准确性影响的研究

目的研究钙化对冠状动脉CT血管成像(CCTA)测定的血流储备分数(FFR_(CT))诊断冠状动脉疾病准确性的影响。方法回顾性分析行CCTA检查和有创FFR检查的38例病人共50支血管的资料。用Agatston积分法测量50支血管的钙化积分值,以钙化积分值100为阈值,分为A1组(≤100)和A2组(100)。利用c FFR软件进行FFR_(CT)值测定,FFR及FFR_(CT)0.8定义为病变特异性心肌缺血。采用组内相关系数(ICC)计算总体及A1、A2组FFR_(CT)与FFR的一致性。以有创FFR作为参考标准,以血管为分析单位,分别计算总体及A1、A2两组FFR_(CT)的诊断准确度、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值,并采用Fisher确切概率法比较2组间的差异。结果总体FFR_(CT)和FFR的ICC系数为0.771(95%CI:0.597~0.870),A1组FFR_(CT)和FFR的ICC为0.819(95%CI:0.633~0.910),A2组FFR_(CT)和FFR的ICC为0.649(95%CI:0.032~0.873)。总体FFR_(CT)诊断敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为90.9%、97.4%、96.0%、90.9%、97.4%;A1组和A2组FFR_(CT)诊断敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为85.7%、100%、96.9%、100%、96.0%和100%、92.3%、94.1%、80.0%、100%;A1和A2组间诊断效能各指标的差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论 FFR_(CT)与FFR在冠状动脉狭窄血流评估方面有较好的一致性,研究未显示钙化影响FFR_(CT)的诊断效能。     

老年患者颈动脉内-中膜厚度、血管内皮功能与冠状动脉病变的相关性研究

 目的 探讨老年患者颈动脉内-中膜厚度(Intima-media thickness,IMT)、肱动脉血管内皮功能与冠状动脉病变之间的关系.方法 80例老年患者进行颈动脉超声、血管内皮舒张功能及冠状动脉造影检查.根据冠状动脉造影结果将入选者分为冠心病(Coronary artery disease,CAD)组及非CAD组.比较两组IMT和血管内皮舒张功能.结果 CAD组颈动脉IMT较非CAD组明显增厚,并随着冠状动脉病变支数增加而增加;血管内皮舒张功能在CAD组与非CAD组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 结合颈动脉IMT与血管内皮舒张功能的检查可预测老年患者冠状动脉病变的存在及严重程度.     

Changes in myocardial perfusion due to physical exercise in patients with stable coronary artery disease

Purpose Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is one of the main therapy options for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), resulting in an improvement in myocardial perfusion and exercise capacity. Nevertheless, studies have also demonstrated a positive effect of regular exercise training on myocardial perfusion and maximum exercise capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in myocardial stress perfusion after 1 year of exercise training in comparison with the effects of PTCA in patients with CAD.Methods In 66 male patients with angiographically confirmed significant coronary artery stenosis in one target vessel, myocardial perfusion scintigraphy was performed at baseline and 12 months after randomisation into either a physical exercise group or a PTCA group. Circumferential count rate profiles in 16 wall segments were classified according to their relative count rate and localisation within or outside the area supplied by the stenosed vessel.Results Ischaemic segments showed a significant improvement in myocardial count rate within the target area after 12 months in both the PTCA and the training group (PTCA group: from 76.8±4.9% to 86.6±10.9%, p=0.03; training group: from 74.0±7.3% to 83.7±10.8%, p<0.01). Outside the target area only the training group showed a significant improvement (from 77.7±4.4% to 91.7±4.8%, p<0.01). Conclusion Our data indicate a significant improvement in stress myocardial perfusion in the training group after 12 months. The ischaemia is reduced not only in the target region of the leading stenosis but also in other ischaemic myocardial areas. In contrast, after PTCA stress perfusion improves only in the initially ischaemic parts of the target area.     

药物洗脱支架治疗老年女性多支冠脉病变的临床研究

目的探讨药物洗脱支架(DES)治疗老年女性多支冠状动脉病变的疗效及安全性。方法2002年10月～2005年6月经冠脉造影证实为多支冠状动脉病变老年(≥65岁)女性患者387例,均行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI),其中DES组139例,普通金属支架(BMS)组248例。比较两组支架术后近期及远期的临床疗效。结果DES组糖尿病患者的比例明显高于BMS组(42.4%vs29.8%,P<0.05)。两组高血压病和心功能不全的比例、冠状动脉病变的严重程度、PCI成功率及并发症发生率均无统计学差异。对371例患者随访6～36个月(20.8±12.6个月),DES组和BMS组造影随访率分别为53.7%和56.1%,无明显差异(P>0.05),但DES组复查造影再狭窄率和主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生率均明显低于BMS组(分别为4.2%vs15.8%和7.5%vs17.3%,P<0.05)。结论老年女性多支病变患者应用多枚DES的成功率高,严重并发症少,术后再狭窄率低,长期临床疗效良好。     

老年冠心病人介入治疗和护理特点

冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)是近年来冠心病介入治疗领域的新技术，随着社会步入老龄化以及冠心病FIEA介入治疗技术的进步，特别是冠脉内支架的应用，拓宽了其适用范围。60岁以上老年病人占冠心病FIEA介入治疗的比例呈逐年增加趋势。老年病人无论从生理、病理及疾病的发生均不同于常规病人。总结近年来717例资料完整的冠心病病例。60岁以上老年病人占35％，其介入治疗及护理特点如下。     

Non-invasive detection of significant coronary artery disease with multi-section computed tomography angiography in patients with suspected coronary artery disease

AIM: The objective of this prospective study was to compare the accuracy of multi-section computed tomography (MSCT) coronary angiography with invasive selective coronary angiography in the detection of significant coronary stenosis (> or =50% lumen diameter narrowing). METHODS: Thirty consecutive patients (mean age 59+/-10 years) with suspected coronary artery disease underwent both invasive coronary angiography and MSCT using a 40-section multidetector row machine with temporal resolution of 53ms. Reconstruction images were performed in eight phases of the cardiac cycle. Images of MSCT and invasive coronary angiography were analysed using the 16-segment model of the American Heart Association. RESULTS: A total of 480 segments from 30 patients were evaluated. Coronary segments distal to a vessel occlusion and segments with coronary stent were not considered for analysis (20 segments in total). Ninety-four (20.4%) segments showed significant (> or =50%) stenosis by invasive coronary angiogram. The accuracy of coronary MSCT was computed on a per segment basis. Average sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of MSCT were 99, 98, 94, and 99%, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that MSCT is as reliable as coronary angiography at detecting significant obstructive coronary artery disease. In selected groups of patients, it may replace the more invasive and potentially more dangerous conventional coronary angiography.     

Coronary artery calcium score and CT angiography in asymptomatic elderly patients with high pretest probability for coronary artery disease

Purpose

To evaluate the role of coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS) and/or coronary CT angiography (CCTA) in asymptomatic elderly patients with high pretest probability for coronary artery disease (CAD).

Materials and methods

Forty-eight consecutive asymptomatic elderly (>65 years) subjects who had a high pretest probability and underwent CACS/CCTA were included. Each CCTA was evaluated for adequacy for assessment of coronary stenosis. Significant stenosis (>50 % diameter narrowing) was assessed on evaluable CT images and by invasive catheter angiography (ICA).

Results

All subjects were men with mean CACS of 880 ± 1779. Among those with low (0–99), intermediate (100–399), and high (400–999) CACS, ICA-verified significant stenosis was present in 8 % (1/13), 23 % (2/13), and 67 % (8/12), respectively. Among those with very high CACS (≥1000) (n = 10), 90 % of CCTAs were not evaluable for stenosis.

Conclusion

In asymptomatic elderly subjects with high pretest probability, CACS followed by CCTA may be considered for those with intermediate to high CACS.

     

Influence of coronary dominance on coronary artery calcification burden

ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of coronary artery dominance on observed coronary artery calcification burden in outpatients presenting for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).MethodsA 12-month retrospective review was performed of all CCTAs at a single institution. Coronary arterial dominance, Agatston score and presence or absence of cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension (HTN), hyperlipidemia (HLD), diabetes and smoking were recorded. Dominance groups were compared in terms of calcium score adjusted for covariates using analysis of covariance based on ranks. Only covariates observed to be significant independent predictors of the relevant outcome were included in each analysis. All statistical tests were conducted at the two-sided 5% significance level.Results1223 individuals, 618 women and 605 men were included, mean age 60 years (24–93 years). Right coronary dominance was observed in 91.7% (n = 1109), left dominance in 8% (n = 98), and codominance in 1.3% (n = 16). The distribution of patients among Agatston score severity categories significantly differed between codominant and left (p = 0.008), and codominant and right (p = 0.022) groups, with higher prevalence of either zero or severe CAC in the codominant patients. There was no significant difference in Agatston score between dominance groups. In the subset of individuals with coronary artery calcification, Agatston score was significantly higher in codominant versus left dominant patients (mean Agatston score 595 ± 520 vs. mean 289 ± 607, respectively; p = 0.049), with a trend towards higher scores in comparison to the right-dominant group (p = 0.093). Significance was not maintained upon adjustment for covariates.ConclusionsWhile the distribution of Agatston score severity categories differed in codominant versus right- or left-dominant patients, there was no significant difference in Agatston score based on coronary dominance pattern in our cohort. Reporting and inclusion of codominant subsets in larger investigations may elucidate whether codominant anatomy is associated with differing risk.     

HSRA联合PTCA或支架成形术治疗老年钙化性冠状动脉狭窄

目的:探讨高速冠状动脉旋磨术(HSRA)联合经皮冠状动脉腔内血管成形术(PTCA)或支架置入术对治疗老年冠心病患者钙化性冠状动脉狭窄近期和远期效果。方法:对30例老年冠心病患者经冠状动脉造影诊断为钙化性狭窄的31处靶血管行高速冠状动脉旋磨术,并行补充性PTCA或支架置入术,观察近期疗效、并发症发生率、远期随访结果。结果:由术前狭窄(83.6±5.6)％减至术后残余狭窄(7.0±9.4)％,血管造影成功率100％,操作成功率96.7％,急性期无死亡、Q波心肌梗死、急诊冠脉搭桥(CABG),1例无Q波心肌梗死,随访期内1例心肌缺血症状复发,心源性死亡1例,再次血管重建2例,无CABG病例。结论:高速冠状动脉旋磨术联合PTCA或支架置入术治疗老年患者钙化性冠状动脉狭窄安全可行,成功率高,并发症少,远期效果好。     

Study on threshold dose of physical activity in coronary heart disease prevention. Part I. Relationship between leisure time physical activity and coronary risk factors

This study performed on 146 healthy men aged 30-55 years involved in recreational training for several years has demonstrated a relationship between an approximate metabolic cost of leisure time sports activities with an energy expenditure greater than 5 kcal/min (greater than 21 kJ) and the total coronary risk score, % body fat, HDL cholesterol concentration, smoking frequency, and aerobic capacity indices. These data as well as the preliminary results of a long-term study demonstrate that regular endurance training with an exercise intensity greater than 5 kcal/min (greater than 21 kJ) and a total energy expenditure of 1000-1499 kcal/week (4187-6279 kJ) may be a threshold dose of exercise effective for prevention of coronary heart disease and promotion of health.     

CT冠状动脉成像在冠心病诊断中的应用

目的:研究CT冠状动脉成像在冠心病早期诊断冠状动脉狭窄定性定量判读的作用。方法:对34例临床未发生急性冠脉综合征的冠心病患者,先后进行冠状动脉造影、128排双源CT冠状动脉成像。以冠状动脉造影为"金标准",计算CT冠状动脉成像敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。结果:①与冠状动脉造影相比,CT冠状动脉成像的敏感性为68%,特异性为97%,阳性预测值为89%,阴性预测值为90%。②CT冠状动脉成像有65个血管段图像质量差,约占12%,造成图像质量差的原因主要为钙化,心跳、呼吸伪影,少部分为管腔显示不良。结论:冠心病早期诊断中,CT冠状动脉成像可用作冠状动脉造影前筛选,CT冠状动脉成像阴性的患者不必行冠状动脉造影检查;CT冠状动脉成像阳性的患者,可行冠状动脉造影进一步确认病变。     

MRI in coronary artery disease

Diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major challenge for medical imaging, because CAD is the leading cause of death in developed nations. Several non-invasive tests are used in clinical routine for the detection of CAD. However, due to limited sensitivity and specificity, the reliable diagnosis as well as the exclusion of CAD can only be established by catheter angiography. In patients with known CAD, therapeutic decisions require accurate information on myocardial function, ischemia and viability. Recently, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has emerged as a non-invasive cardiac imaging technique that provides information on cardiac morphology, cardiac function, myocardial viablitiy, and coronary morphology. This review discusses technical aspects and the clinical impact of different MR techniques.