Ⅱ期修复少儿手指屈指肌腱损伤

少儿屈指肌腱损伤修复的时机及方法目前尚有争议。通过对３２例（４８指）年龄在１４个月至１２岁的患儿治疗后随访结果，我们认为肌腱损伤在６个月内修复，可以直接缝合；超过６个月则需行游离肌腱移植，疗效较差。我们只修复屈指深肌腱，若强求同时修复屈指深浅肌腱需扩大创面，增加缝合点，加重粘连。术后宜制动以防肌腱再断裂。生物膜在患儿手部应用亦有较好的疗效。关键词     

静脉动脉化前臂筋膜掌长肌腱移植的应用研究

静脉动脉化前臂筋膜掌长肌腱移植的应用研究冯承臣，陈沂民，杨殿玉，刘茂文，刘瑞军手部腱鞘区屈指肌腱损伤手术修复后均有不同程度的粘连，影响手功能恢复。我们采用带前臂静脉动脉化游离前臂筋膜掌长肌腱移植术，修复腱鞘区屈指肌腱损伤及腱鞘重建术，手功能恢复良好，...     

腱鞘修复与部分切除的临床疗效比较

腱鞘修复与部分切除的临床疗效比较乔建民，沈志贤，范遗恩，王勇腱鞘区屈指肌腱损伤修复时，腱鞘的处理有修复和部分切除两种不同的意见。为探讨两种方法的疗效，我们将自１９８９年６月～１９９４年１２月采用以上两种方法治疗的腱鞘区屈指肌腱损伤的随访结果做一比较观...     

鞘管区屈指肌腱损伤的早期治疗体会

鞘管区屈指肌腱损伤的早期治疗体会李庆泰杨克非田光磊张长清鞘管区屈指肌腱损伤的修复是手外科临床工作中的一个难题．损伤后修复的时限，是在伤后６～８小时，超过此期限，则关闭伤口，留待二期修复．Ｉｓｅｌｉｎ（１９５８）提出早期修复的时间可延长到伤后２４小时．...     

谈谈开展肌腱外科应注意的几个基本问题

谈谈开展肌腱外科应注意的几个基本问题顾玉东早在１９１６年，ＬｅｏＭａｙｅｒ就对屈指肌腱的解剖、生理、腱鞘和肌腱的周围结构、肌腱的血液供应与营养、腱鞘滑膜和系膜做了系统的研究。以后Ｂｕｎｎｅｌｌ提出肌腱移植的理论与方法，Ｖｅｒｄｅｎ的肌腱早期修复理论，...     

II期修复少儿手指屈指肌腱损伤

少儿屈指肌腱损伤伤修复的时机及方法目前尚有争议，通过对３２例（４８指）年龄在１４个月至１２月的患儿治疗后随访结果，我们认为肌腱损伤在６个月内修复，可以直接缝合，超过６个月则需行游离肌腱移植，疗效较差，我们只修复屈指深肌腱，若强求同时修复屈指深浅肌腱需扩大创面，增中缝合点，加重粘连，术后宜制动以防肌腱断裂，生物膜在患儿手部应用亦有较好的疗效。     

屈指浅肌腱移位修复拇长屈肌腱损伤

目的：介绍一种修复拇指屈曲功能的手术方法。方法：利用屈指浅肌腱移位治疗屈拇长肌腱损伤。结果：经美国手外科学会T－A－M法评定,术后1．5年随访,优良率90％。结论：屈指浅肌腱移位治疗屈拇长肌腱Ⅱ、Ⅲ区陈旧损伤和肌腱损伤缺损患应首选。     

带固有伸肌腱掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复手指屈肌腱及皮肤缺损

目的 探索一次性修复手指皮肤和屈指肌腱同时缺损的方法。方法 以第二、四掌背动脉为蒂，设计逆行岛状皮瓣，同时带示指和小指固有伸肌腱，修复示、中指和环小指的皮肤、屈指肌腱缺损。结果 修复手指皮肤屈指肌腱缺损7例，皮瓣全部成活，手指功能满意。结论 用带有固有伸肌腱的掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复手指皮肤屈指肌腱缺损，由于移植肌腱带有血液供应，可有效地减轻粘连，同时大大地缩短了疗程，减轻患者的痛苦和负担，是一种有效的方法。     

带蒂筋膜瓣一期修复屈肌腱及腱鞘损伤

报道25例屈指肌腱损伤及腱鞘缺损,应用显微外科技术,修复肌腱,并用带蒂逆行筋膜瓣修复腱鞘缺损。对有肌腱及腱鞘同时缺损者,采用逆行筋膜蒂筋膜肌腱复合移植修复。经1～3年随访,TAM达到健侧的85%以上,不需行粘连松解术。详细介绍了手术方法及优点。     

屈指肌腱粘连松解术的疗效分析

屈指肌腱损伤修复后的粘连仍是一个难题，在屈指肌腱ＩＩ区仍有３１％－５０％粘连发生，目前对鞘内屈指肌腱粘连的治疗，肌腱松解手术乃是一个切实可行，行之有效的方法。本文报告５８例１００指治疗结果的分析，优良率为６９％，随访时间最短的１３个月，最长的１５年，平均８年６个月。本文着重讨论了判断屈指肌腱粘连松解是否彻底的方法，即在手术中让患者主动屈指或在腕上做探查，判断有否粘连条带的存在，如有需将粘连条带切断     

Tendon injuries of the hand

Tendon injuries are the second most common injuries of the hand and therefore an important topic in trauma and orthopedic patients. Most injuries are open injuries to the flexor or extensor tendons, but less frequent injuries, e.g., damage to the functional system tendon sheath and pulley or dull avulsions, also need to be considered. After clinical examination, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging have proved to be important diagnostic tools. Tendon injuries mostly require surgical repair, dull avulsions of the distal phalanges extensor tendon can receive conservative therapy. Injuries of the flexor tendon sheath or single pulley injuries are treated conservatively and multiple pulley injuries receive surgical repair. In the postoperative course of flexor tendon injuries, the principle of early passive movement is important to trigger an "intrinsic" tendon healing to guarantee a good outcome. Many substances were evaluated to see if they improved tendon healing; however, little evidence was found. Nevertheless, hyaluronic acid may improve intrinsic tendon healing.     

Functional outcome in patients with zone V flexor tendon injuries

Introduction Zone V flexor tendon injuries may involve major nerves and arteries as well as the wrist and finger flexors. Although these injuries are not infrequent, few studies have reported functional outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome in patients with flexor tendon repairs in zone V.Materials and methods Eighteen patients with repaired zone V flexor tendon injuries were followed up for an average of 20 months. The postoperative rehabilitation program consisted of a combined regime of modified Kleinert and modified Duran techniques. Outcome parameters were hand function according to the Buck-Gramcko assessment system, grip and key pinch strength values, and return to work status.Results Functional results were excellent in 92.8% of the digits, good in 1.4%, and poor in 5.8%. Grip strength recovered to an average of 77% and pinch strength to 74% of the uninjured hand. Two tendon ruptures occurred in a patient, and tenolysis was required in 3 patients. Of 15 patients who were employed at the time of injury, 13 returned to their original occupations.Conclusion Satisfactory functional results can be obtained when proper surgical technique is coupled with careful postoperative management in patients with zone V flexor tendon injuries.     

Kombinierte Beugesehnen- und Nervenverletzungen der Hand

Any restoration of hand function following tendon and nerve injury has to include the repair or replacement of the hand’s ability to perform a great many tasks. It is hard at first to appreciate fully the loss that occurs with flexor tendon injury. Also sensibility can be compromised from tendon injury without direct injury to the nerve, as object recognition in the absence of vision requires finger movement. When peripheral nerve injury is combined with flexor tendon injury, sensibility is directly impaired. There is a loss in the sense of finger or thumb position, pain temperature and touch or pressure recognition, in addition to the tendon injury. However, the outcome after operative treatment of these“minor” injuries of the hand is horrible. Therefore, we try to summarize practical consequences for the repair of combined flexor tendon and nerve injuries which will improve operative outcome. These guidelines are based on current scientific knowledge and our own experience.     

彩色多普勒超声在手屈指肌腱损伤急诊手术中的应用

目的探讨高频彩色多普勒超声在手屈指肌腱损伤急诊手术中的应用价值。方法采用高频探头对21例急诊手屈指肌腱损伤患者行术中探查,观察肌腱损伤程度、回缩部位及血运状况。结果高频探头可以准确清晰判断肌腱损伤程度、判定断裂部位和两端肌腱的位置,完全断裂表现为连续的肌腱纤维层状高回声和腱周腱鞘薄层低回声在伤口处连续性完全中断,为低回声、无回声所替代。结论肌腱损伤术中超声对缩短手术时间、减少对周围组织的损伤、减轻局部粘连、确保术后血管再通有重要意义。     

77. Frakturen und Distorsionen am Handgelenk

Summary Permanent disability can follow inappropriate diagnosis and treatment of hand injuries in athletes. The common entity "sprain" may in fact represent a variety of fractures or tendon and ligament ruptures. Intimate understanding of the anatomy and kinetics of the hand and wrist and thorough physical and roentgenographic examination are mandatory to improve the initial medical evaluation. The paper describes some typical athletic injuries of the hand and wrist, their diagnosis and their optimal treatment.     

Median Nerve Mistaken for Palmaris Longus Tendon: Restoration of Function with Sensory Nerve Transfers

Intraoperative iatrogenic nerve injuries occur despite vigilance in the operating room. Most of these injuries occur as a result of patient positioning, traction or pressure injury, hematoma, or technical error. The median nerve is especially susceptible to injury during carpal tunnel release. A rare but devastating injury of the median nerve is complete transection. The number of devastating injuries is not well known, as few of the injuries are documented or publicized. We report a case where the median nerve was harvested instead of the palmaris longus tendon. We present a review of the literature and suggest an alternative treatment to median nerve grafting using sensory nerve transfers in the hand.     

Neglected tendon and nerve injuries of the hand

We retrospectively reviewed 445 patients with neglected tendon and nerve injuries treated between 1983 and 2003. Of these patients, 355 patients (447 tendons) had flexor tendon injuries, 62 patients (84 tendons) had extensor tendon injuries, and 28 patients had isolated nerve injuries. (In addition to these, 48 patients had nerve injuries associated with flexor tendon injuries; making a total of 76 patients with nerve injuries.) Most of the patients presented for treatment from 2 months to 2 years after the injury. The majority (73%) of patients with flexor tendon injuries were treated by free tendon grafting. Sixty-two patients required staged reconstruction using a silicon implant. The followup ranged from 12 to 83 months (mean, 45.8 months). In flexor tendon injuries, overall excellent results were seen in 83 of 447 tendons (18.5%) and good results were seen in 70.5%. In extensor tendon injuries, 23% had excellent results, 53% had good results, 34% had poor results. Seventy-six patients (114 nerves) of neglected nerve injuries of the hand were treated during the same period. In 48 (63%) patients the nerve injury was associated with tendon injury. End-to-end repair was possible in 89 nerves and the remainder was grafted. Because nerves in the hand have a predominant sensory component, sensory recovery was seen in the majority of patients.     

Complications after treatment of flexor tendon injuries

The goals of flexor tendon repair are to promote intrinsic tendon healing and minimize extrinsic scarring in order to optimize tendon gliding and range of motion. Despite advances in the materials and methods used in surgical repair and postoperative rehabilitation, complications following flexor tendon injuries continue to occur, even in patients treated by experienced surgeons and therapists. The most common complication is adhesion formation, which limits active range of motion. Other complications include joint contracture, tendon rupture, triggering, and pulley failure with tendon bowstringing. Less common problems include quadriga, swan-neck deformity, and lumbrical plus deformity. Meticulous surgical technique and early postoperative tendon mobilization in a well-supervised therapy program can minimize the frequency and severity of these complications. Prompt recognition of problems and treatment with hand therapy, splinting, and/or surgery may help minimize recovery time and improve function. In the future, the use of novel biologic modulators of healing may nearly eliminate complications associated with flexor tendon injuries.     

Flexor tendon injuries

Flexor tendon injuries have constituted a large portion of the literature in hand surgery over many years. Yet many controversies remain and the techniques of surgery and therapy are still evolving. The anatomical and finer technical considerations involved in treating these injuries have been put forth and discussed in detail including the rehabilitation following the flexor tendon repair. The authors consider, recognition and mastery of these facts form the foundation for a successful flexor tendon repair. The trend is now towards multiple strand core sutures followed by early active mobilization. However, the rehabilitation process appears to be one of the major determinant of the success following a flexor tendon repair. Early mobilization is essential for all the flexor tendon repairs as it is proved to improve the quality of the repaired tendon. The art of achieving the harmony between a stronger repair and unhindered gliding of the repair site through the narrow flexor tendon sheath simultaneously can be mastered with practice added to the knowledge of the basic principles.     

Concomitant injuries affect prognosis in patients with central slip tear

Central slip tears often occur with concomitant hand injuries. However, the outcome of a central slip tear and the effect of concomitant injuries are rarely reported. We evaluated 67 fingers in 63 patients with central slip tears who underwent primary surgery in our hospital between April 2009 and June 2017. We performed multivariate analyses, with proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint active range of motion (AROM) and existing extension lag greater than 10° as dependent variables and age, existence of concomitant fractures, skin defects, collateral ligament injuries, ruptured lateral bands, ruptured flexor tendons or vascular injury in the injured finger as independent variables. Concomitant injuries of tendons in the adjacent fingers were also independent variables. The average AROM of the PIP joint was 62°, and extension lag occurred in 34 fingers (51%). Patients aged?>?40 years with fractures of the injured finger or flexor tendon injuries in an adjacent finger had low decreases in AROM (partial regression coefficient [95% confidence interval, CI]: ?13.7 [43–66], ?31.6 [30–57], ?34.5 [32–60] and ?33.5 [10–43]). Extensor tendon injuries in an adjacent finger caused significantly more extension lag in the PIP joint (odds ratio [95% CI]: 3.2 [1.0–9.6]). The present study indicated the negative impact of a tendon injury on adjacent fingers, a circumstance widely known as the quadriga phenomenon. Ultimately, we can use these prognostic factors in surgical repair planning, particularly when comparing treatments such as central slip reconstruction and primary arthrodesis.