婴幼儿先天性声门下血管瘤的诊断和治疗

目的：探讨婴幼儿先天性声门下血管瘤的诊断和治疗。方法：9例患儿,反复喉喘鸣、喂哺困难及喉梗阻发作,电子支气管镜检查确诊为先天性声门下血管瘤。7例为声门下单侧病变,2例为双侧病变。其中8例采用气管切开后血管瘤内平阳霉素注射法进行治疗,术后患儿带金属气管套管出院,2周后门诊随访电子支气管镜复查,如果肿瘤未消失,再次行平阳霉素注射,直至肿瘤完全消失后进行堵管及拔管;1例单侧声门下血管瘤行瘤体吸割术,未行气管切开。结果：平阳霉素治疗的6例声门下单侧病变患者经过1次治疗后血管瘤完全消失,2例双侧病变患者经过2次治疗后血管瘤完全消失,8例均顺利堵管及拔管。1例行声门下血管瘤吸割术患者,术后2周复查黏膜光滑,完全修复。结论：对于体积较大,阻塞声门下腔范围较广的血管瘤,采用气管切开后血管瘤内平阳霉素注射法,能迅速解除气道梗阻,缩短自然病程,且戴管时间短,无术后声门下狭窄,是一种安全有效的治疗措施。对于体积较小的声门下血管瘤,在麻醉配合良好的情况下,行吸割术并给予良好止血,可避免气管切开,起到微创效果。     

Surgical treatment of laryngeal tumors with subglottic extension and tracheal tumors with composite nasal septal cartilage graft: technique and outcome

OBJECTIVE: Composite nasal septal cartilage grafts (CNSCG) are effective grafting materials in laryngeal and tracheal reconstruction following tumor resection. METHODS: Between 1985 and 2005, we used CNSCG for the reconstruction of defects following resection of laryngeal tumors with subglottic extension (20 cases), subglottic mesenchymal tumors (2 cases), invasive thyroid carcinoma (4 cases), tracheal tumors (3 cases) and esophagus carcinoma with tracheal invasion (1 case) in total of 30 patients. RESULTS: The patients with subglottic tumors were decanulated within 5-7 days except one case. We achieved satisfactory voice and swallowing without any sign of recurrence. Overall complications consisted of subglottic stenosis in one case, and unilateral paralysis of recurrent laryngeal nerve in two cases. One patient with subglottic laryngeal carcinoma died due to neck and distant metastases 4 years after the operation. All patients are well with a mean follow-up period 9 years. Three patients with tracheal tumors underwent lateral resection and reconstructed with CNSCG. Satisfactory healing of the grafts was seen in all cases without local recurrence or complication with a mean follow-up period of 62 months. One of the patients had distant metastases 3 years after the operation. The patient with esophagus carcinoma and tracheal invasion was treated by total esophagectomy, gastric pull-up, tracheal resection and CNSCG reconstruction. He died at postoperative 5th day due to mediastinitis as a complication of gastric pull-up. CONCLUSION: Free composite cartilage graft is a reliable material in the reconstruction of defects after surgery of laryngeal tumors with subglottic extension, invasive thyroid and esophagus tumors and well-selected tracheal tumors.     

The impact of preoperative tracheotomy on T3 transglottic carcinomas of the larynx

To evaluate the impact of the practice of a preoperative tracheotomy and different prognostic factors reported in the literature in patients with transglottic carcinoma of the larynx, a retrospective study was performed in the Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City. In all, 90 cases with T3 transglottic squamous cell carcinoma requiring a total laryngectomy as primary treatment were studied. Prognostic factors such as the Karnofsky index, tumor differentiation, surgical margins and preoperative tracheotomy were analyzed by a Cox’s proportional hazards model. The Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test were used to evaluate the disease-free intervals and survival curves. Thirty-two patients had preoperative tracheotomies, while 58 did not. Eighty percent of the patients in the non-preoperative tracheotomy group were alive after 5 years versus 20% of those with preoperative tracheotomies (P < 0.001). Although possibly controversial, our findings indicate that a pretreatment tracheotomy should be avoided in T3 transglottic obstructive lesions. In patients with these lesions and a subglottic extension ≤ 3 cm we recommend an emergency total laryngectomy when possible to increase survival and decrease surgical morbidity. Received: 1 April 1998 / Accepted 29 June 1998     

Clinical vs histopathologic staging in laryngeal cancer.

One hundred fourteen serially sectioned, nonirradiated, laryngeal specimens that were removed for cancer have been examined to determine the accuracy of preoperative staging. Characteristics of the primary lesion, which indicate invasion of the laryngeal framework, have been demonstrated for each region in the larynx. Pathologic findings, such as submucosal extension, growth into the preepiglottic space, infraglottic extension, and involvement of the laryngeal ventricle, have been correlated with clinical staging. The relationship between tumor size and accuracy of clinical staging has been evaluated. For multiregional lesions, the location that yielded the highest probability of metastasis was designated as the primary site. Our findings indicate inaccurate staging for 37% of glottic tumors, 38% of supraglottic tumors, 50% of transglottic tumors, and 13% of subglottic lesions. In 89% of the cases that were staged inaccurately, the error was one of underestimation. Depth of tumor invasion was the most difficult measurement to determine.     

Cricotracheal resection for pediatric subglottic stenosis

Until recently, cricotracheal resection (CTR) has not been commonly accepted as a treatment modality for severe subglottic stenosis in the pediatric age group. The reasons have included the risk of a possible dehiscence at the site of the anastomosis, the likelihood of injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerves, and the interference with normal growth of the larynx. Thirty-eight infants and children with a severe subglottic stenosis underwent a partial cricoid resection with primary thyrotracheal anastomosis. Thirty-three patients were tracheotomy-dependent at the time of surgery and 34 were referred cases; 27 were classified as grade III, and 10 as grade IV stenoses according to new Cotton's classification. Nineteen patients were younger than 3 years of age at the time of surgery. The tracheotomy was resected during the surgical procedure in 21 cases. Decannulation was achieved in 36/38 cases after an open procedure. There is one complete restenosis and one good result awaiting decannulation after further surgery for a Pierre Robin syndrome. The authors experienced no lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerves and no fatality. Thirty-one patients show no exertional dyspnea, three a slight stridor while exercising, and two patients are not decannulated. The postoperative follow-up in longer than 10 years in eight cases. All patients show a normal growth of the larynx and trachea. Compared to laryngotracheoplasties, CTR gives better results for severe subglottic stenosis. This operation should become the treatment of choice for severe (grade III and IV) subglottic stenosis in infants and children.     

The microtrapdoor technique for the management of laryngeal stenosis

The use of the carbon dioxide laser as an endoscopic microsurgical instrument has stimulated interest in treating laryngeal and tracheal stenosis. Dedo and Sooy (1984) reported a significant improvement in the management of posterior commissure, subglottic, and high tracheal stenoses with the use of a microtrapdoor flap. A recent laboratory investigation of this method supported the clinical efficacy of this technique. Six patients are evaluated in this report, three with posterior commissure stenosis and three with subglottic or high tracheal lesions. All six patients had a tracheotomy present or performed at the time of their surgical procedures, and each patient had only one procedure. All six had improved airways after the microtrapdoor flaps. Five have been decannulated and one patient with associated hypopharyngeal stenosis still has a tracheostomy because of mild aspiration, although the airway lumen is moderately unproved. It is felt that, as a group, the subglottic and high tracheal lesions respond to this technique better than the posterior commissure stenoses. Details of the technique are presented. This brief clinical report supports the efficacy of the microtrapdoor flap procedure in selected laryngeal and tracheal stenoses.     

术前伴喉返神经麻痹的甲状腺肿瘤的临床病理分析

目的　探讨术前伴喉返神经麻痹的甲状腺肿瘤的良恶性分布,喉返神经情况及组织病理学特征。方法  2007年1月～2014年12月本院共12 488例甲状腺肿瘤患者,其中80例为初治术前伴喉返神经麻痹,分析其临床及病理资料。结果　16例（20.00%）为良性,64例（80.00%）为恶性。良、恶性肿瘤患者性伴喉返神经麻痹率分别为0.30%和0.90%。低-未分化癌患者麻痹率25.93%,显著高于其他病理类型。良性肿瘤患者术中8例未粘连神经,6例粘连,锐性解剖后保留,2例神经变性,无法保留,切除率12.50%。恶性肿瘤患者术中3例神经无粘连,3例包绕,锐性解剖后保留,42例切除,切除率87.50%。低-未分化癌术中神经均切除。经保留神经的14例良性肿瘤患者及6例恶性肿瘤患者术后神经功能获改善或恢复。结论　恶性肿瘤患者术前麻痹率显著高于良性肿瘤患者,术中神经切除率高。如能解剖保留神经,术后功能可恢复。     

Stomal recurrence after laryngectomy. An inevitable late complication

Postlaryngectomy tumoral recurrence on the stoma is a terrible late complication that has a fatal outcome. In spite of advances in laryngeal surgery and modern reconstructive techniques, it is still a major cause of death in patients with laryngeal cancer. In a review of 500 patients who underwent surgery for laryngeal cancer in 1981-86 and 1995-97, we found no changes in the frequency of stomal recurrence between periods (4% in both periods). Stomal recurrence was associated in our study with subglottic extension and with transglottic lesions. Previous tracheotomy was not a decisive factor in the appearance of stomal recurrence in our patients.     

Classification of laryngeal injury in patients with prolonged intubation and to determine the factors that cause the injury

ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate injuries occurring in the larynx of patients intubated in intensive care units for a long time.Study designProspective clinical study.SettingTertiary hospital.Subject and methodsBetween April 15, 2019, and November 15, 2019, 40 patients who were hospitalized in intensive care units had a tracheotomy procedure due to prolonged intubation, and laryngeal structures were evaluated by direct laryngoscopy. The laryngeal structures were evaluated in four groups as glottic-supraglottic region, arytenoid vocal process, interaritenoid region and subglottic region. Edema, granulation and ulceration findings in these four regions were recorded. The injuries to the laryngeal structures were classified as stages 0–3. As a result of the data obtained, the relationship between the degree of laryngeal lesions and the factors that may cause these lesions was investigated.ResultsAccording to our classification, nine patients had stage 1, 16 patients had stage 2 and 15 patients had stage 3 laryngeal injury. There was no significant relationship between the stage of laryngeal injury and age, sex and diameter of the intubation tube. There was a statistically significant relationship between laryngeal injury and the day the tracheotomy was performed (p = 0.007).ConclusionIn patients that had prolonged endotracheal intubation, injury to the laryngeal structures is inevitable. To minimize this occurrence, tracheotomy should be performed for intubations that extend for more than seven days. When performing the tracheotomy, the laryngeal structures should be evaluated, necessary precautions should be taken for the traumatic lesions that are difficult to heal, and treatment should be started.     

Preoperative tracheotomy in the treatment of upper airway obstruction of patients with advanced stage supraglottic carcinoma

BackgroundPreoperative tracheotomy is an effective option that secures upper airway patency in laryngeal carcinoma patients suffering from upper airway obstruction, but the influence of this treatment on oncologic outcomes of laryngeal carcinoma remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of preoperative tracheotomy on overall survival in supraglottic carcinoma patients with tumor obstruction of the upper airway, and explore the potential causes.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study collected 243 consecutive patients with advanced stage supraglottic carcinoma from 2005 to 2010. Preoperative tracheotomy in the management of upper airway obstruction in patients with supraglottic carcinoma was analyzed.ResultsThe mean age was 60.9 years at diagnosis, with men accounting for 98.4% of all patients. Thirty nine (16.0%) patients presenting with tumor obstruction of the upper airway required preoperative tracheotomy. T4 stage patients had higher rate of tracheotomy than those of patients with T3 stage (36.8% vs 12.2%). Patients with upper airway obstruction presented with greater tumor area compared with patients without (13.7 cm² vs 9.0 cm²). The optimal cutoff value of tumor area for tracheotomy and OS rate were both at 10 cm². Supraglottic patients with upper airway obstruction receiving preoperative tracheotomy had poorer OS rate compared with patients without. T stage and tumor area were correlated with upper airway obstruction, and these two variables were independent predictors of OS rate in supraglottic carcinoma patients.ConclusionsAdvanced stage supraglottic carcinoma patients with upper airway obstruction undergoing preoperative tracheotomy experienced worse overall survival. Advanced T stage and greater tumor size were associated with upper airway obstruction, indicating that the negative influence of tumor obstruction on survival may be cause by these two preoperative variables. Therefore, preoperative tracheotomy acts only as an alternative procedure, and is not a prognostic agent.     

Near-total laryngectomy for laryngeal carcinomas with subglottic extension

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether Pearson classic near-total laryngectomy is a sensible surgical treatment modality for laryngeal carcinomas with subglottic extension. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of patients treated by near-total laryngectomy in a university hospital that is an academic tertiary health care center. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION: Medical and computer records of 135 patients who were treated by near-total laryngectomy for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas between April 1, 1989, and June 30, 2000, were searched thoroughly, and the final outcomes were confirmed by telephone contact. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival rates of the patients with laryngeal carcinomas with subglottic extension treated by near-total laryngectomy were compared with those of the patients with malignancies of other laryngeal regions given the same treatment. RESULTS: Of the 135 patients in the study, 74 were available for determination of 5-year survival. The rate was 65.8% (27/41) for transglottic tumors, 53.8% (7/13) for supraglottic tumors, and 20.0% (4/20) for tumors with subglottic extension. Only 3 of 16 patients with laryngeal carcinomas with supraglottic or transglottic localization died of local recurrence; the rest of the deaths were from regional recurrence or distant metastasis. However, 6 of 13 patients with subglottic extension died of local recurrence, 5 of peristomal recurrence, and only 2 of distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: Success was directly related to adherence to precise indications in cancer surgery. While near-total laryngectomy is an effective and reliable treatment modality in laryngeal cancer surgery, its effectiveness in laryngeal cancers with subglottic extension is debatable. These subglottic lesions should be treated by total laryngectomy, which is a more radical surgery.     

Partial cricoid resection with primary tracheal anastomosis for subglottic stenosis in infants and children

Fifteen infants and children with a severe subglottic stenosis underwent a partial cricoid resection with primary tracheal anastomosis. The etiology of the stenosis was congenital in 3 cases and was acquired after prolonged intubation in 12. Fourteen patients were tracheotomy dependent at the time of surgery, and 13 (87%) of the 15 were classified grade III (7 cases) and IV (6 cases) according to Cotton. The resection included the cricoid only in 5 cases and the cricoid and a segment of trachea (1 to 4 rings) in 10 cases. Decannulation was achieved after a single open procedure in 14 (93%) of the cases. The authors encountered no lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerves and no fatalities. There was, however, 1 restenosis. Twelve cases were decannulated within 6 months, most of them at 2 months. The postoperative voice is normal in 10 cases, and a slight dysphonia is present in 4 cases. Twelve patients show no exertional dyspnea, and 2 exhibit a slight stridor while practicing sports. Ten of 14 cases have been followed for more than 5 years, with the longest follow-up now being 14 years. In all cases, the laryngotracheal development is normal. The results of this small series compare favorably with those of laryngotracheoplasty procedures usually performed for subglottic stenosis in infants and children. In the future, partial cricoid resection with primary tracheal anastomosis should be considered as an important treatment option for severe subglottic stenoses in infants and children.     

The incidence of thyroid gland invasion in advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

IntroductionInvasion of the thyroid gland is not a general feature of advanced laryngeal carcinoma. There is no need for performing thyroidectomy in all total laryngectomy cases.ObjectivesTo evaluate the frequency of the thyroid gland invasion in patients with advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma submitted to total laryngectomy and thyroidectomy and to determine whether clinical and pathological characteristics of laryngeal carcinoma can predict glandular involvement.MethodsA retrospective case series with chart review, from March 2009 to January 2018, was undertaken in the the Princess Norah Oncology Center, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Jeddah/KSA. An inception cohort of 56 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma was considered. Nine cases were excluded. All patients had advanced stage cancer of the larynx (clinically T3‒T4) and underwent total laryngectomy in association with thyroidectomy. Total thyroidectomy was performed in all bilateral lesions or if there was suspicion of contralateral lobe involvement. Hemithyroidectomy was performed in all lateralized lesions. Retrospective histopathologic analysis of thyroid specimens was subsequently performed. The frequency of thyroid gland invasion was calculated and analysis of demographic, clinical and pathological characteristics associated with thyroid gland invasion was performed.ResultsIn all, 47 patients underwent total laryngectomy (40 treated with primary laryngectomy and seven treated with salvage laryngectomy following radiation failure or chemoradiation failure). Hemithyroidectomy was performed in 42 patients and the total thyroidectomy was performed in five patients. The overall frequency of invasion of the thyroid gland was 4.3%. Glandular involvement was seen in one advanced transglottic squamous cell carcinoma and one subglottic. In spite of thyroid cartilage invasion in 25.5% of cases detected in the preoperative radiological imaging, only one case demonstrated microscopic thyroid gland invasion.ConclusionsThyroidectomy may only be required during total laryngectomy for selected cases of advanced transglottic tumors and tumors with subglottic extension more than 10 mm.     

Prognostic importance of paratracheal lymph node metastases

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of paratracheal lymph node (PTLN) metastases for tumor recurrence and survival for patients treated with total laryngectomy (TL) and PTLN dissection. STUDY DESIGN: Records from 85 patients who underwent TL combined with PTLN dissection for laryngeal or hypopharyngeal carcinomas were reviewed. RESULTS: In 20 of 85 (24%) patients, PTLN metastases were found, and in 7 patients, extranodal spread (ENS) was present in these metastases. The incidence of PTLN metastases was high in patients with hypopharyngeal or cervical esophageal (35%) and laryngeal carcinoma with subglottic extension (27%). Multivariate analysis shows that the most important prognostic factor for overall survival is the presence of PTLN metastases with ENS (P < .0005). CONCLUSIONS: Because PTLN metastases with ENS is an important prognostic factor and can only be assessed by histopathologic examination, PTLN dissection in patients with a laryngeal or hypopharyngeal tumor is important for prognostication.     

Lectin histochemistry of primary and metastatic tumor cells of laryngeal cancer

In order to clarify possible alterations of membrane-, and cytoplasma-glycoconjugates of laryngeal cancer cells in metastatic process, a histochemical study was performed on laryngeal squamous carcinoma, using seven lectins conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP); PNA, UEA-I, WGA, RCA-I, DBA, SBA and MPA. The author studied 32 primary tumors and 32 corresponding metastatic tumors obtained from 32 patients and primary tumors from 8 patients without histological evidence of lymph node metastasis. None of the patients underwent irradiation or chemotherapy before operation. The specimens were provided for routine lectin histochemistry. The present study revealed some significant differences in lectin-binding as follows. Primary tumor vs. metastatic tumor: There was a significant difference in lectin-binding between primary and metastatic cancer cells. 29 (90.0%) of 32 primary tumors were positive for MPA-staining. On the other hand, 21 (65.6%) of 32 metastatic tumors were positive for MPA-staining. There was a statistically significant (p less than 0.05) difference between primary and metastatic tumors with regard to MPA-binding. Primary tumor cells tended to more bind with lectins than with metastatic tumor cells. Well-differentiated primary tumor vs. moderately differentiated primary tumor: There was a significant difference in lectin-binding between these two types of tumors. Of 15 well-differentiated primary tumors, 13 (86.7%) showed SBA binding. The percentage of SBA-binding was significantly higher in well-differentiated tumor than in moderately differentiated primary tumors (50%, 8/16). Keratinization vs. non-keratinization: There was a significant difference in lectin-binding between keratinized and non-keratinized tumor cells in both primary and metastatic lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The anterior commissure in glottic carcinoma.

The laryngeal anterior commissure is a specific anatomic area of the glottis which is often involved by cancer. Of 586 patients with glottic cancer, five (1 percent) had pure anterior commissure lesions and 175 (25 percent) had vocal cord tumors secondarily involving the anterior commissure. One of three of these anterior commissure tumors also had subglottic extension. Despite the presence of blood vessels and lymphatics in the anterior commissure, metastasis to regional lymph nodes in rare (8 percent). Patients with Stage 1 and 2 lesions were treated by hemilaryngectomy with satisfactory results (45/61 -- 74 percent). Only three patients had local recurrence after hemilaryngectomy. Patients with bilateral cord-anterior commissure lesions had the poorest survival and highest recurrence rate, even after total laryngectomy. Subglottic extension of these anterior commissure tumors did not correlate with survival. Survival and recurrence rates were conversely proportional to the stage of the tumor at presentation. Although the anterior commissure is a theoretical site for cancer breakthrough and lymphatic spread, its apparent significance lies in the fact that its involvement by glottic primaries represents only increasing tumor size and thus an advanced stage of disease.     

Laryngeal paraganglioma: an updated critical review

Laryngeal paragangliomas are rare submucosal lesions that arise from paraganglion cells located in the false vocal fold and subglottic larynx. To date, 76 recognized cases have been reported in the world literature. Symptoms arise when the lesions become large enough to impair function. Supraglottic paragangliomas cause hoarseness and deglutition disorders, whereas subglottic tumors become symptomatic when they obstruct the airway. Evaluation of these tumors includes obtaining a complete history. Familial paragangliomas and hypertension should be sought but are rarely, if ever, associated with laryngeal paragangliomas. MRI can detect these lesions and permit characterization of the vascularity of the lesion. Adding 111In pentetreotide scanning can distinguish neuroendocrine tumors from other submucosal laryngeal lesions, making the preoperative diagnosis clearer and obviating the need for biopsy. The biggest dilemma regarding laryngeal paragangliomas is making the correct pathologic distinction between paraganglioma, typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid and medullary thyroid cancer. Immunohistochemical markers, supplementing standard histopathologic evaluation, can distinguish paragangliomas from the aforementioned tumors. This distinction is critical as the prognosis for treated paragangliomas is excellent compared to that for other neuroendocrine neoplasms. Almost all alleged malignant paragangliomas of the larynx are in reality atypical carcinoid tumors that have been misdiagnosed. Treatment should always comprise excision. Thyrotomy has the best chance of achieving a sustained cure without damaging phonation or deglutition. Laser excision has been used successfully but there is no great experience with this modality. Surgery is preferable to radiation for paragangliomas in all locations but especially so in the larynx, due to issues such as swelling, airway protection and destruction of cartilage. With increased clinical suspicion and the use of modern imaging techniques, laryngeal paragangliomas should be routinely diagnosed and treated without loss of laryngeal functions.     

Carcinoma of the subglottic area.

The subglottic area is defined as an anatomic region which is cylindrical in shape whose inferior margin is the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage and which is limited superiorly by an imaginary circle 5 mm below the free margin of the true vocal cords. Of 591 patients with glottic and subglottic cancers, only five (percent) had primary subglottic tumors and 132 (22 percent) had glottic tumors with subglottic extension. Sixty-five percent of the patients with glottic primary with subglottic extension were Stage 2 and 35 percent were Stage 3. Most patients were treated surgically. Hemilaryngectomy is a very satisfactory primary modality in the treatment of Stage 2 and some Stage 3 glottic lesions with subglottic extension. Stage 2 and 3 glottic cancers which involve greater than 10 mm of the subglottis carry a significantly decreased prognosis. Patients with T3 lesions with cord fixation with subglottic extension show a decreased survival.     

Subglottic pleomorphic adenoma

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common tumor of major salivary glands, but it is unusual into the larynx. The AA. expose a case of a 74-year-old man who consulted for dysphonia and diagnosed as having a subglottic pleomorphic adenoma. The patient needed an urgent tracheotomy owing to the dyspnoea. Removal of the tumor was made through direct laryngoscopy. Literature on pleomorphic laryngeal adenoma is reviewed.     

婴儿声门下血管瘤治疗初探

目的初步探讨婴儿声门下血管瘤的不同治疗方法及疗效。方法回顾性分析我院自2008～2011年收治的声门下血管瘤患儿13例,7例气管切开术后分次行平阳霉素瘤体内注射,4例口服普萘洛尔治疗,1例口服泼尼松片治疗,1例单纯行气管切开姑息治疗。结果 7例平阳霉素注射治疗,血管瘤完全消退,6例成功拔管,平均疗程7.5个月;4例口服普萘洛尔,3例血管瘤完全消退,1例大部分消退,平均疗程4.8个月;1例口服泼尼松片后8个月声门下肿块大部分消退,伴发库欣综合征;1例单纯气管切开患儿,于3年后血管瘤完全消退,拔除气管套管。结论平阳霉素瘤体内注射疗效是肯定的,但绝大多数患儿需行气管切开,且每次注药均需住院全麻下进行,疗程长。普萘洛尔可短时间内使瘤体缩小、改善呼吸道梗阻症状,避免了手术创伤性操作,且副作用小,可作为一线药物使用。