多重耐药大肠埃希菌获得性耐药基因检测及指标聚类分析

目的 调查多重耐药大肠埃希菌尿液分离株中获得性耐药相关基因和可移动遗传元件遗传标记的存在状况,并分析二者的相关性.方法 收集宁波市第一医院2008年10月-2009年3月患者尿液样本中分离的大肠埃希菌共28株,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)法分析47种β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类获得性耐药基因,2种获得性抗菌制剂外排...     

耐左氧氟沙星大肠埃希菌的耐药性分析

目的了解本院临床分离的大肠埃希菌的耐药情况,分析耐左氧氟沙星细菌的耐药性。方法对2009年8月至2010年8月本院临床分离的154株大肠埃希菌用Kirby-Bauer琼脂扩散法进行药物敏感试验。结果 154株大肠埃希菌中共检出耐左氧氟沙星菌76株,检出率49.35%。在各类标本中,尿液中耐左氧氟沙星菌株分离率最高（51.32%）,其次为痰（23.68%）。除亚胺培南、美罗培南、头孢西丁、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和阿米卡星外,耐左氧氟沙星菌株对氨苄西林、头孢唑啉、头孢吡肟、头孢噻肟、头孢他啶、庆大霉素、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的耐药率明显高于非耐左氧氟沙星菌株（P〈0.05）。结论本院耐左氧氟沙星大肠埃希菌株对多种药物表现出较高的耐药率,应加强对耐左氧氟沙星大肠埃希菌的耐药性监测,严格掌握抗菌药物的使用指征,防止耐药菌株的传播流行。     

大肠埃希菌与男性不育

综述了大肠埃希菌的生物学特性、致病性、与不育的关系及其诊断和治疗方法 ,着重讨论了大肠埃希菌的致病机理。对于深入研究大肠埃希菌与男性不育的关系具有一定的指导意义。     

不同人群中分离的大肠埃希菌的耐药性及多重耐药机制

目的 分析健康成人、儿童和患者3组人群中分离的大肠埃希菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药性和耐药机制.方法 采用MicroScan-Walkway-40系统鉴定细菌,琼脂平皿倍比稀释法测定各种抗菌药物MIC(minimal inhibitory concentraton),对筛选出的215株MDR进行PCR扩增及序列分析检测这些菌株产AmpC和ESBLs的基因型.结果 大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南、阿米卡星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦显示较好的敏感性.健康成人和临床患者携带的MDR比例分别为58.3%和74.6%.PCR及序列分析表明本地区已出现CMY-2、DHA-1型AmpC酶和以CTX-M为主的ESBLs,并检测到1株新CMY型基因和1株ESACs菌株. 结论 健康人与患者肠道中病原大肠埃希菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药率相当高,在MDR中检测出多种AmpC和ESBLs基因.应严格控制抗菌药物使用并养成良好卫生习惯以减少耐药株出现.     

产质粒介导AmpC酶大肠埃希菌耐药分析及相关机制

目的 了解安徽省35所医院自临床分离的402株大肠埃希菌产质粒介导AmpC酶及对常用抗菌药物的耐药情况,揭示其相关耐药机制,以指导临床合理用药.方法 以三维试验筛选产AmpC酶株;多重PCR检测产质粒介导AmpC酶菌株,对产质粒介导AmpC酶菌株用PCR方法检测超广谱.B-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)基因、I类整合子基因盒插入序列和主动外排系统acrAB-tolC基因.结果 检出产质粒介导AmpC酶菌株28株(7.0%),其中两株经测序比对证实为新的质粒ampC基因型.产酶菌株对常用抗菌药物,除亚胺培南、美罗培南都敏感外,对其他大多数抗菌药物耐药率均高于非产酶株.28株产酶菌株中有23株表现为多重耐药,20株检测出各型ESBLs基因,21株扩增出I类整合子基因盒插入序列,20株主动外排系统acrAB-tolC基因阳性.结论 产质粒介导AmpC酶大肠埃希菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药率均较高,多重耐药现象普遍,同时存在多种耐药机制,其中以产生灭活酶和I类整合子介导的耐药机制为主.对产酶菌株临床经验用药可选用碳青霉烯类、阿米卡星、四代头孢菌素类抗菌药物.     

肛周脓肿患者感染大肠埃希菌耐药性分析

回顾性分析肛周脓肿患者感染大肠埃希菌的耐药情况及产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)的发生率,以指导临床合理选择抗菌药物。对近4年确诊肛周脓肿患者的脓液标本中分离出的276株大肠埃希菌(肛周脓肿组)进行耐药性分析,用纸片扩散法表型确证试验检测ESBLs,以非肛周脓肿患者大肠埃希菌感染为对照组。肛周脓肿组ESBLs阳性率为46.0%,明显高于对照组(31.0%,P0.05)。肛周脓肿组对哌拉西林、头孢唑啉、头孢呋辛、头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、碘胺甲噁唑/甲氧苄啶耐药率较高,均60.0%,对环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、哌拉西林、头孢曲松、头孢唑林、头孢吡肟、头孢噻肟、头孢呋辛、碘胺甲噁唑/甲氧苄啶的耐药率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。肛周脓肿感染大肠埃希菌对多种抗菌药物的耐药率较高,临床应根据药敏试验结果合理使用抗菌药物。     

2015-2020年郑州人民医院大肠埃希菌对常用抗菌药物的敏感性分析

目的：分析2015-2020年郑州人民医院大肠埃希菌对常用抗菌药物的敏感性。方法：分析2015-2020年经临床分离获得的1 319份大肠埃希菌标本的检出、来源分布情况,以及对常用抗菌药物的敏感性。结果：2015-2020年医院共分离菌株20 054株,其中大肠埃希菌1 319株（6.58%）。2015-2020年大肠埃希菌检出率逐年升高（4.50%<5.25%<6.23%<6.68%<7.23%<8.26%）。1 319株大肠埃希菌主要来自尿液、分泌物、痰液、引流物、血液等标本,其中尿液标本中检出最多（761株,57.70%）。医院抗菌药物使用量居前4位的是左氧氟沙星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、美罗培南和头孢吡肟。2015-2020年大肠埃希菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的敏感性呈下降趋势（P <0.05）,对左氧氟沙星和美罗培南的敏感性无明显变化（P>0.05）,对头孢吡肟的敏感性呈上升趋势（P <0.05）。结论：大肠埃希菌检出率呈逐年升高趋势,且耐药情况不容乐观,临床应引起重视,合理使用抗菌药物。     

腹腔感染大肠埃希菌PFGE谱型及耐药一致性分析

目的探究腹腔感染大肠埃希菌菌株间的相关性及菌株间同源性与药敏结果一致性的关系。 方法使用限制性内切酶XbaⅠ对菌株基因组进行酶切,对酶切后的DNA片段进行脉冲场凝胶电泳（ PFGE）,使用Bionumerics软件分析菌株间相关性,将菌株同源性与药敏结果一致性进行对比分析。 结果47株大肠埃希菌PFGE图谱间同源性为60.4%～97.4%,同源性高于85%有6株。一次自发性细菌性腹膜炎（SBP）可以由一种PFGE谱型的大肠埃希菌引起,也可能是多种PFGE谱型大肠埃希菌的混合感染。一次SBP可能是新发感染,也可能是上次感染的复发。同源性高于85%的菌株对本研究中19种抗菌药物中的15种以上抗菌药物的药敏试验结果相同。 结论导致不同患者腹腔感染的大肠埃希菌来源不同。同源性高于85%的菌株药敏结果具有较高的一致性。     

院内大肠埃希菌耐药性分析及分布

目的：了解院内大肠埃希菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药性及分布,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供理论依据。方法应用WHONET 5.6软件对2012年1月至2012年12月本院临床分离的742株大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南等16种抗菌药物的耐药性及分布进行回顾性分析。结果742株大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林、复方新诺明、环丙沙星、头孢噻肟、妥布霉素、左氧氟沙星、庆大霉素、氨曲南、头孢吡肟、头孢他啶、替卡西林/克拉维酸、阿莫西林/棒酸、头孢西丁、阿米卡星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和亚胺培南的耐药率依次为89.1%（661/742）、66.7%（495/742）、64.2%（476/742）、61.5%（456/742）、54.7%（406/742）、53.8%（399/742）、52.2%（387/742）、50.4%（374/742）、48.4%（359/742）、36.3%（269/742）、33.7%（250/742）、25.3%（188/742）、15.5%（115/742）、8.1%（60/742）、6.1%（45/742）和0.4%（3/742）。本研究中43.7%标本来源于尿液、23.7%标本来源于痰液、11.1%标本来源于血液。科室分布情况：分别有18.1%和16.2%的标本来源于儿内科病房和泌尿内科病房。结论院内大肠埃希菌主要引起泌尿道和呼吸道感染,其次是血流感染。对临床部分常用抗菌药物的耐药性较高,临床医师应根据药敏试验结果合理选用抗菌药物。     

草酸钙结石尿路大肠埃希菌的特征分析

<正>泌尿系结石是最常见的泌尿外科疾病。我国最近一项横断面调查研究显示,中国成年人泌尿系结石患病率高达6. 5%~([1])。近年来,其发病率日益增高,其5年复发率可高达30. 0%～50. 0%。泌尿系结石的反复发生常会导致肾功能受损甚至衰竭~([2]),严重影响人们的身体健康和生活质量。泌尿系结石按结石成分可分为草酸钙结石、感染性结石和尿酸结石等多种类型。泌尿系结石与尿路感染关系密切,尿路感染是结石常见的合并症,而尿路感染也可以促进结石形成~([3])。以奇异变形菌为代表的产脲酶细菌导致的尿路感染可以通过诱导肾小管上皮细胞损伤导致细胞内形成晶体以     

Levofloxacin resistant Escherichia coli sepsis following an ultrasound-guided transrectal prostate biopsy: Report of four cases and review of the literature

Abstract:   Fluoroquinolones are the most commonly used prophylactic antimicrobials for ultrasound-guided transrectal prostate biopsy due to their broad pathogen spectrum, pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and ease of oral administration. However, although Escherichia. coli ( E. coli ) is the most common pathogen associated with infections after transrectal prostate biopsy, the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistant strains of E. coli is increasing. Levofloxacin resistant E. coli sepsis occurred in four (0.6%) of 665 patients who received oral levofloxacin prophylaxis and underwent transrectal prostate biopsy from July 2002 to December 2006 in this institute. All patients had obstructions of the lower urinary tract and three of the four had a history of previous use of quinolones. Although two of the four patients developed septic shock, all of the patients were treated with carbapenems immediately and made a complete recovery. Since a case of multiresistant E. coli sepsis and fatal anaerobic sepsis after transrectal prostate biopsy had been reported, intravenous carbapenem is recommended as antimicrobial therapy for sepsis after transrectal prostate biopsy.     

多药耐药基因在原发性肝癌的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨多药耐药基因（MDR）在原发性肝癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法 取肝细胞癌标本64例，逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）法半定量检测肝癌多种多药耐药基因的基因表达情况，分析其临床意义。结果 （1）各多药耐药基因的表达率高，各耐药基因的表达率差异无统计学意义。（2）各多药耐药基因的表达量差异无统计学意义。（3）MDRl、多药耐药相关蛋白（MRP）、谷胱甘肽S转移酶（GST）-π和肺耐药蛋白（LRP）的mRNA表达量有随分级而增高的趋势；DNA拓扑异构酶（TOPOⅡ）的mRNA表达量有随分级而下降的趋势。（4）肝癌MDR基因mRNA表达量与肿瘤大小、有无转移、有无包膜和结节数目有关，与AFP水平、肝硬化情况、肝功能状况无关。（5）在有效组中MDR1、MRP、GST-Ⅱ LRP mRNA的表达量低于无效组；TOPOⅡ mRNA的表达量有效组高于无效组，差异无统计学意义。结论 在肝癌多药耐药基因mRNA的表达率高；在肝癌多药耐药的基因mRNA的表达与肿瘤大小、有无转移、结节数目、有无包膜相关，与化疗的疗效相关。     

Antibodies to intimin and Escherichia coli secreted proteins A and B in patients with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infections

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli produce an attaching and effacing lesion upon adhering to the intestinal epithelium. Bacterial factors involved in this histopathology include the intimin adhesin and E. coli secreted proteins (Esps) A and B. In this study we investigated the serum antibody responses to recombinant E. coli O157:H7 intimin, EspA, and EspB by immunoblotting. Canadian patients with O157:H7 infection (n=10), Swedish patients with O157:H7 (n=21), non-O157 (n=18), or infection from which the serotype was not available (n=3), and asymptomatic household members (n=25) were studied and compared with Canadian (n=20) and Swedish controls (n=52). In Canadian patients, IgG antibodies to intimin, EspA, and EspB were analyzed, in Swedish patients and their household members IgA, IgG, and IgM antibodies to EspA and EspB were studied. Patients and household members mounted an antibody response to the antigens. Significantly more patients developed an acute response to EspB compared with controls (P<0.01 Canadian patients, P<0.0001 Swedish patients). EspB IgA, IgG, and IgM had a specificity of 100%, 86%, and 86%, positive predictive value of 100%, 83%, and 81%, and sensitivity of 57%, 69%, and 63%, respectively, and appear to be an appropriate assay for the detection of EHEC infection. In cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome or hemorrhagic colitis this assay may be useful when a fecal strain has not been isolated, or in epidemics of non-O157 infection. Received: 18 June 2001 / Revised: 15 November 2001 / Accepted: 18 November 2001     

胃癌体外药敏试验与多药耐药基因、多药耐药相关蛋白表达的关系

目的 探讨胃癌体外化疗药物敏感试验与胃癌组织中多药耐药基因（MDR1）和多药耐药相关蛋白（MRP）基因表达的关系。方法 收集42例手术切除胃癌标本，采用噻唑蓝（MTT）比色法进行胃癌原代细胞培养体外药物敏感试验，检测其对9种临床常用化疗药物的敏感性，并应用逆转录．聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）检测胃癌组织中MDR1和MRP mRNA表达，分析药敏试验结果与MDR1、MRP mRNA表达的关系。结果42例胃癌组织中MDR1、MRP mRNA表达阳性率分别为38．1％和28．9％。CDDP、ADM和OXA耐药组中，MDR1 mRNA表达阳性率显著高于敏感组；在CDDP和HCPT耐药组中，MRP mRNA表达阳性率显著高于敏感组。结论MDR1和MRP高表达是胃癌对多种化疗药物具有耐药性的标志，结合体外药敏试验，有助于临床筛选有效的化疗药物。     

大肠埃希菌尿液分离株氨基糖苷类获得性耐药基因研究

大肠埃希菌是医院感染的常见病原菌,随着临床抗菌药物的大量使用,该菌不仅对喹诺酮类抗菌药物的耐药率明显上升,对氨基糖苷类药物的耐药问题也日趋严重,给临床抗感染治疗带来严峻挑战.有关对氨基糖苷类药物的耐药机制,传统观点认为是细菌产生一种或多种针对抗菌药物的氨基糖苷类修饰酶（AMEs）[1-2].     

Surfactant treatment in experimental Escherichia coli pneumonia

Background : Deterioration of lung function in bacterial pneumonia may in part be due to inactivation of endogenous surfactant. We investigated the effects of surfactant treatment on gas exchange and lung morphology in an experimental model of pneumonia caused by Escherichia coli. Methods : A total of 117 adult rats received via the trachea 2 ml/kg body weight of a standard suspension of Escherichia coli (4times10⁹ bacteria/ml). After 2–3 days, 31 of the infected animals showed symptoms of respiratory failure with PaO₂ <27 kPa during ventilation with 100% O₂. All these animals were kept in a multi-plethysmograph system and ventilated for 45 min with a tidal volume of 6 ml/kg, a frequency of 30/min, an inspiration/expiration ratio of 1 : 1, and a positive end-expiratory pressure of 0.2 kPa. After 15 min of mechanical ventilation, animals were divided in three treatment groups, receiving via the airways (1) no material, (2) normal saline (2 ml/kg), or (3) Curosurf^R, 80 mg/ml (2 ml/kg). Ten healthy animals served as controls. Lung-thorax compliance and blood gases were measured 15 and 30 min after surfactant treatment. After the period of ventilation, animals were killed, and the left lung was weighed and fixed in formalin for histological examination. The right lung was washed in situ with normal saline via the tracheal tube. Total phospholipids, and levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and protein in lavage fluid were determined. Results : In comparison with pre-treatment values, average PaO₂ at 30 min was increased by 76% in animals receiving Curosurf (P<0.01), but did not improve in the other groups. The left lung weight/body weight ratio showed a nearly 3-fold increase in infected animals in comparison with normal controls. There was also a 3-fold increase in the protein content of lung lavage fluid from infected rats, but values for total phospholipids and PC content were unchanged in animals not receiving surfactant. Histological examination of the lungs showed wide-spread non-specific pneumonia in infected animals, but no difference in alveolar air expansion between surfactant-treated and non-treated ones. Conclusion : Surfactant replacement significantly improves oxygenation in rats with E. coli pneumonia, without affecting lung-thorax compliance during mechanical ventilation or alveolar expansion pattern in lungs fixed by conventional methods.