妊娠高血压综合征胎盘中病理相关基因的表达改变

目的研究与细胞因子信号转导等相关的病理基因在妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)胎盘组织中的表达变化.方法采用分别包含220余种人类细胞因子相关基因或人类环境激素相关基因cDNA片段的基因芯片,检测严格配伍的正常和妊高征胎盘组织中基因表达谱的差异.结果一些疾病相关基因(GenBank:U82828、X15183)在妊高征患者胎盘中的表达高于正常,另外一些与基因表达调控有关的转录因子基因(GenBank:AL022312、M15990、U15009、L49380等)也表达增强.此外,妊高征胎盘中与细胞因子信号转导有关的大多数受体/激酶表达增强,例如GenBank登录号为M76125、U73531、L76191、L06139、AF035121、M23379、U43195等基因.结论细胞因子信号转导相关基因等的表达增强提示细胞因子的功能活跃,进一步说明胎盘局部细胞因子水平的变化与妊高征的病理发生密切相关.     

妊娠高血压综合征患者胎盘组织细胞分化相关基因表达的变化

目的观察妊娠高血压综合征患者胎盘组织细胞分化相关基因表达的变化。方法选择重度妊高征患者为研究对象,共6例,正常妊娠者5例作为对照组,取足月孕产妇胎盘组织,Trizol法抽提胎盘组织总：RNA并纯化mRNA;应用cDNA阵列细胞分化相关基因表达芯片检测妊高征患者和正常妊娠者胎盘组织中与细胞分化相关的1818个基因表达的变化,通过扫描仪对杂交结束后的膜进行扫描和图像分析,并对差异基因进行分类归纳。结果在1818条细胞分化相关基因中,妊高征患者胎盘组织与正常妊娠者胎盘组织之间存在差异表达基因,有61个基因发生表达变化,60个为已知基因,1个为：EST片段,包括上调基因55个,下调基因6个,表达上调的基因中,肾上腺髓质素(adrenomedulin,ADM)、肝细胞生长因子(hepatocyte growth factor,HGF)、促。肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(corticotropin releasing hormone,CRH)及其结合蛋白(corticotropin releasing hormone—binding protein,CRH—BP)等基因对妊高征的发生可能有较重要的作用。结论妊高征发病的分子机制可能与细胞分化相关基因表达水平改变有关。     

转化生长因子3β在妊高征和正常妊娠胎盘组织中的差异表达

目的探讨转化生长因子3β(TGF-3β)蛋白及mRNA在妊高征和正常妊娠胎盘组织中表达的差异.方法取10例妊高征和10例年龄配对的正常妊娠的胎盘组织,应用Western blot方法,检测妊高征和正常妊娠胎盘组织中TGF-3β蛋白的表达水平;应用定量PCR方法,检测妊高征和正常妊娠胎盘组织中TGF-3βmRNA表达水平.结果与正常妊娠胎盘组织TGF-3β蛋白和mRNA表达水平相比,妊高征胎盘组织中的TGF-3βmRNA表达水平增加,妊高征胎盘组织中的TGF-3β蛋白表达水平也明显增加.结论 TGF-3β在妊高征胎盘组织中表达增加,妊高征胎盘中TGF-3β高表达可能与妊高征的病因有关.     

人退变椎间盘组织的基因表达谱

目的：研究人类退变椎间盘的基因表达谱，分析人退变椎间盘基因表达水平的变化。方法：按条件优化的一步法抽提人退变及正常椎间盘组织的总RNA各3例，分别用cy3，cy5荧光标记，获得2组椎间盘cDNA的探针，与含有4096条人类全长基因的cDNA表达谱芯片杂交，扫描芯片荧光信号图像，对所获得的基因进行生物信息学分析。结果：在4096条基因中，有差异表达的基因706条，358条基因表达量明显下降，298条基因表达量明显上升。在有差异表达的基因中，细胞凋亡相关类蛋白8条，其中上皮细胞膜蛋白(EMP-1)基因的表达上调明显。结论：退变椎间盘的基因表达发生变化，细胞凋亡增加可能是椎间盘退变发生和发展的因素之一。     

先兆子痫胎盘的基因表达谱研究

目的： 利用cDNA芯片分析先兆子痫胎盘中基因表达的变化情况,寻找新的先兆子痫相关基因。方法: 建立含12 000个与代谢、凋亡、细胞黏附、信号转导、转录因子等有关基因的cDNA表达谱芯片,将先兆子痫及正常胎盘mRNA与cDNA芯片进行杂交,得到先兆子痫的基因表达谱;对部分差异表达基因进行Northern验证。结果: 在4例先兆子痫胎盘组织中发现均有差异表达的基因44个,其中表达上调有30个,表达下调有14个,Northern杂交鉴定的结果与芯片结果相符合。结论: 重度妊娠高血压疾病的基因表达谱存在明显差异,差异的基因可能涉及信号转导、细胞代谢、炎性细胞因子等方面,这些基因可能与妊娠高血压病的发病相关。     

妊高征患者胎盘组织中瘦素mRNA表达与NO含量的测定及临床研究

目的检测正常妊娠、妊高征妇女胎盘组织中瘦素mRNA的表达及与一氧化氮含量的关系,探讨瘦素在妊高征发病中的作用.方法用逆转录-聚合酶链技术(RT-PCR)测定38例正常妊娠妇女、62例妊高征妇女分娩时胎盘组织中瘦素mRNA表达水平;用硝酸还原酶法测定胎盘组织NO的含量.结果(1)正常晚孕及妊高征妇女胎盘瘦素mRNA表达水平分别为:0.139±0.12、0.603±0.287(其中轻、中、重度妊高征胎盘瘦素水平分别为:0.145±0.056、0.38±0.122、0.75±0.199).(2)妊高征组胎盘瘦素水平明显高于正常晚孕组,差异有显著性(P＜0.01),妊高征患者胎盘瘦素水平随病情加重而升高;重、中、轻度之间差异均有显著性(P＜0.01、P＜0.05).(3)妊高征胎盘组织中NO含量低于正常晚孕妇女,差异有显著性(P＜0.05);重度妊高征患者胎盘NO含量明显低于中度、中度低于轻度,差异有显著性(P＜0.01、P＜0.05),(4)妊高征胎盘瘦素mR-NA表达与NO含量呈负相关(r=-0.6294,P＜0.01),与收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压、尿蛋白呈正相关(r=0.547,0.377,0.45,0.517;P=0.015,0.015,0.020,0.040),重度妊高征组与新生儿体重呈负相关(r=-0.447,P=0.018).结论胎盘瘦素mRNA表达水平在妊高征组中明显升高,随着妊高征病情加重,胎盘瘦素mRNA表达逐渐增加;同时,胎盘组织中NO含量在妊高征妇女中明显降低,胎盘瘦素mRNA表达与胎盘组织中NO含量呈负相关.因此,瘦素可能与妊高征发病有关,可望成为妊高征病情发展的检测指标之一.     

胎盘异铁蛋白的表达异常与妊娠高血压综合征的关系

目的　通过比较正常孕妇与妊娠高血压综合征 (妊高征 )患者胎盘组织中胎盘异铁蛋白的表达 ,从分子免疫学角度探讨妊高征的病理机制。方法　用免疫组化染色法检测 30例妊高征胎盘组织 (妊高征组 )和 10例正常妊娠胎盘组织 (正常组 )中PLF的表达 ,通过高清晰度彩色病理图文分析系统对其定量分析。结果　PLF在中、重度妊高征胎盘组织中的表达明显低于轻度妊高征和正常组 ,两者间差异有非常显著意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　胎盘组织中PLF表达降低 ,导致母胎的免疫耐受的破坏 ,其异常的免疫反应可能是妊高征发病的重要机制。诱导PLF的产生或调节母胎的免疫耐受 ,将为临床治疗妊高征提供新的思路和方向。     

缺氧诱导因子1α在妊高征和正常妊娠胎盘组织中的差异表达

目的:探讨缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)蛋白及其mRNA在妊高征和正常妊娠胎盘组织中的表达的差异。方法:应用Westernblot检测10例妊高征和10例年龄匹配的正常妊娠的胎盘组织中HIF-1α蛋白表达的水平;应用实时定量PCR,检测两种组织中HIF-1αmRNA表达的水平。结果:与正常妊娠胎盘组织相比较,妊高征胎盘组织中HIF-1α蛋白和mRNA的表达水平明显增加(P<0.05)。结论:HIF-1α在妊高征胎盘组织中表达增高,可能与妊高征的病因及病理生理有关。     

妊高征胎盘Syndecan-1表达水平变化的研究

目的:检测妊高征胎盘的Syndecan-1表达水平,探讨妊高征的发病机制.方法采用免疫组织化学法结合计算机辅助图像分析技术,定量分析10例正常妊娠组与30例妊高征组Syndecan-1在胎盘合体滋养层细胞的表达.结果100%正常妊娠组胎盘合体滋养层细胞免疫组织化学染色呈极强阳性( )或强阳性( )或阳性( )表达;妊高征组胎盘合体滋养层细胞免疫组织化学染色呈弱阳性(±)或无表达(-)的比例和呈强阳性或阳性表达的比例分别为53.33%和46.67%.计算机图像分析正常妊娠组和轻度、中度、重度妊高征组的平均光度值分别为0.474±0.343和0.332±0.109、0.353±0.09、0.350±0.068;统计分析表明中度妊高征与重度妊高征组的平均光度值差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05),正常妊娠组与轻、中、重妊高征组组间的平均光度值差异均有显著性意义(P＜0.05),轻度妊高征组与中、重度妊高征组组间的平均光度值差异均有显著性意义(P＜0.05).结论胎盘合体滋养层细胞Syndecan-1蛋白表达减少可能是妊高征的发病机制之一.     

应用基因芯片技术对Graves病免疫相关基因的研究

应用基因芯片技术研究Graves病 (GD )和正常成人甲状腺组织免疫相关基因的差异表达。分别用Cy5和Cy3两种不同的荧光染料通过逆转录反应将GD组和对照组甲状腺组织的mRNA分别标记成探针 ,并与载有一组靶基因的基因表达谱芯片进行杂交。通过扫描荧光强度 ,计算机软件分析 ,寻找两组差异表达基因。GD组和正常对照组之间共筛选出 80条差异表达基因 ,其中表达增加的基因有 31条 (2 0倍以上 ) ,表达降低的基因有 4 9条 (0 5倍以下 )。基因表达谱芯片筛选GD与正常成人甲状腺组织差异表达基因具有样品用量少、高速度、高敏感、高通量等特性。通过筛选所得差异基因提示GD的发病涉及细胞因子、受体信号转导等多个方面 ,为进一步阐明GD的发病机制提供新线索。     

脂蛋白脂酶基因在子痫前期胎盘中的变化及意义

目的研究脂蛋白脂酶(lipoproteinlipase,LPL)mRNA在于痫前期患者胎盘组织中的表达与定位,探讨其在子痫前期病理生理过程中的作用。方法利用cDNA表达谱芯片检查子痫前期胎盘组织与正常胎盘组织之间的差异表达基因;根据筛选结果,采用半定量RT-PCR检测子痫前期患者胎盘组织(研究组)和正常孕妇胎盘组织(对照组)中LPLmRNA的表达;以原位杂交方法进行定位。结果在4轮杂交过程中,共筛选出22条有差异表达的基因,其中LPL基因为表达降低基因之一;正常胎盘组织和子痫前期胎盘组织中均存在LPLmRNA,子痫前期胎盘组织中LPLmRNA表达明显低于正常胎盘组织(0.208±0.067vs0.524±0.139,P<0.05);LPLmRNA分布在胎盘绒毛滋养细胞胞浆。结论胎盘组织中LPL的低表达可能参与子痫前期的发病过程。     

胃癌基因表达谱的cDNA微阵列与聚类分析

目的 分析胃癌与非肿瘤胃组织中基因表达特征，探讨其生物学意义。方法 提取18例进展期胃癌患者术前未行治疗的新鲜肿瘤和非肿瘤胃组织总RNA，逆转录标记cy5和cy3制备cDNA探针，与148个基因组成的cDNA微阵列杂交，应用平均联接等级聚类和微阵列数据显著差异分析(significance analysis of microarrays，SAM)方法分析146个符合入选条件基因的实验数据。结果 胃癌与非肿瘤胃组织各被聚为一类，胃癌和非肿瘤胃组织又分别聚为两个亚类。基因在两种组织表达有3个特征，明显基因表达差异表现在特征B和特征C．特征B基因在胃癌组织呈低表达或不表达，特征C基因在胃癌组织呈高表达。在特征A，T2-S2亚类与T1和T2-S1亚类的基因表达存在差异性，然而13例患者的配对胃癌与非肿瘤胃组织有相似基因表达。结合SAM分析，从特征B和特征C分别检出19个和12个在两种组织间呈差异性表达基因。结论 cDNA微阵列实验结果客观地反映了胃癌和非肿瘤胃组织的基因表达特征，可以将胃癌与非肿瘤胃组织各聚为一类．胃癌组织之间基因表达既有相似性，又有异质性，反映了胃癌基因表达变异的复杂性．应用cDNA微阵列技术研究胃癌基因差异性表达特征，有助于阐明胃癌发生、发展的分子基础，为胃癌早期诊断和预后评估的生物标记物研究提供科学依据．     

Cytotoxicity and stress gene microarray analysis in cadmium-exposed CRL-1439 normal rat liver cells

Cadmium is a biologically non-essential divalent hazardous metal. Previous studies demonstrated that cadmium toxic effect was caused by reactive oxygen species. Since gene expression is influenced by the presence of these reactive oxygen species, the association between metal intoxication and gene expression has recently become a major focus of research. We examined the effect of cadmium chloride on cell viability at 4, 8 and 24 h. Our results indicate that cadmium chloride did not alter cell viability at 4 or 8 h, but decreased the viability in a dose-dependent manner (p>0.01) at 24 h. Using DNA microarray, we studied the profile of stress gene expression in rat primary hepatocytes treated with cadmium for different time periods using a 100 microM cadmium chloride concentration. Microarray analysis indicated that cadmium treatment caused different patterns of gene expression profiles at each time point of incubation. Of the 207 stress genes on the microarray, only 32 genes were regulated. Since microarrays were hybridized by radioactive cDNA which was less sensitive than fluorescent-labeled cDNA, an experimental/control ratio >1.3 or <0.7 (30% increase or decrease) was taken as significant up- or down-regulation. Exposure of cells to cadmium for 4 h resulted in the expression of three up-regulated genes and six down-regulated genes. Longer exposure to cadmium for 8 h resulted in an increase in up-regulated genes to six and down-regulated genes to 14. After 24 h of cadmium exposure, 15 genes were down-regulated and six genes were up-regulated. Our findings suggest that the cells maintained complete viability up to 8 h with cadmium due to expression of various heat shock proteins and stress response proteins like heme oxygenase. Longer exposure periods, due to the down-regulation of the basic cell function proteins and cell-cycle regulating proteins, led to toxicity in cells and eventually to cell death.     

Complement split product C4d deposition in placenta in systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy‐induced hypertension

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and pregnancy‐induced hypertension (PIH) are related to premature delivery and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and share histological findings of the placenta. Association with complement dysregulation has been reported in pregnancy for both disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of C4d immunohistochemistry for placentas with SLE‐ and PIH‐associated pregnancy. C4d staining was performed on paraffin‐embedded tissue of placentas from 26 patients with SLE, 26 with PIH, and 25 control cases. We used the H‐score with a range of 0–300 for the evaluation of C4d immunoreactivity. Placentas of SLE and PIH cases showed a higher H‐score than control cases (average, SLE, 38.3 (P < 0.05); PIH, 17.8; control, 1.68), with linear staining on the membrane of syncytiotrophoblast. C4d‐high groups comprised 50% (12/26) of SLE and 35% (9/26) of PIH cases, with H‐scores ranging 14–270 and 15–170. C4d‐high groups were significantly associated with low‐placental weights and low birth weight in both SLE and PIH (P < 0.05), and lower gestational age (P < 0.05) in PIH cases. These results suggest that C4d might be utilized as a biomarker evaluating the subsequent risk for IUGR and disease control during the gestation period in these patients.     

Distribution of Notch family proteins in intrauterine growth restriction and hypertension complicated human term placentas

Members of the Notch family have been detected in many developmental and cell specification processes during placental development. However, Notch protein expression in Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) and Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) is not clear. In this study we aimed to clarify the immunolocalization of Notch proteins in full-term placentas after IUGR and PIH in comparison with normal placentas. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded term placentas obtained by caesarean operations were processed for immunohistochemical localization of Notch 1, 2, 4 and Jagged 2. Transmission electron microscopy was also performed. In normal term placentas, all Notch proteins were intensely immunostained in the brush border of cells of the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the basal (maternal) side and the chorionic plate (fetal) side. The endothelial cells were also intensely immunostained in both sides for Notch 1. However, in IUGR and PIH placentas, the immunoreactivities of all Notch proteins were decreased significantly in the brush border of cells of the syncytiotrophoblast layer and the reaction was generally observed in the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblast cells in the basal and chorionic plate sides. The reactivity in endothelial cells was also significantly decreased. Our results have shown that the immunoreactivity and localization of Notch proteins is altered in pathologic placentas. Therefore, we propose that deregulated expression of Notch proteins may contribute to the disruption of trophoblast differentiation, endothelial cell function and/or feto-maternal traffic down-regulation during pregnancy or vice versa in such pathologic conditions.     

代谢相关基因在先兆子痫胎盘中的表达情况分析

目的探讨细胞代谢相关基因在先兆子痫胎盘组织中的表达变化及其影响机制。方法使用含12000个与代谢、凋亡、细胞粘附、信号传导、转录因子等有关基因的cDNA表达谱芯片,检测4例重度妊娠高血压疾病子痫前期及正常的胎盘组织的基因表达谱差异,并差异表达的细胞代谢相关基因进行了Northern验证。结果4先兆子痫胎盘中同时有44种基因表达发生了变化,其中糖原磷酸化酶（GP—M）基因、瘦素（1eptin）基因、脂蛋白酯酶（LPL）基因及糖代谢相关基因（Glucose transporter）表达增强,核苷酸代谢基因（CD73）与能量代谢调节基因（Creatine kinase B）表达下降。结论多种基因表达异常与先兆子痫的病理发生有关,细胞代谢相关基因表达异常可能是血管内皮损伤的原因之一。     

Differential expression of placenta growth factors and their receptors in the normal and pregnancy-induced hypertensive human placentas

Placental development requires extensive angiogenesis and the invasion of the maternal decidua by the trophoblasts. Adequate and organized interaction of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), placenta growth factors (PlGF), and their receptors are essential for a normal development and function of the placenta. In this study, we evaluated the expressions of PlGFs and their receptors, mRNAs by Northern blotting, in situ hybridization and RT-PCR in the normal and pregnancy-induced hypertensive (PIH) placentas. The expression level of PlGF-2 mRNA was lower in the PIH placentas compared to control as assessed by Northern blotting and in situ hybridization. PlGF mRNA was mainly localized to the vasculosyncytial membrane of placental villi and villous stroma. The expression of PlGF receptor-1 (PlGFR-1) was significantly increased in the PIH placentas compared to the normal ones. These results suggest that the alteration of PlGF-2 and PlGFR-1 mRNA expressions in the placenta are related to the pathogenesis of PIH.