新疆土壤中天然放射性水平及所致居民剂量

本文报道了新疆土壤中主要天然放射性核素的水平及所致居民外照射剂量的估算结果.土壤中天然放射性核素²³⁸U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra和⁴⁰K的活度,分别为36.9、39.4、36.2和648Bq·kg^-1,所致居民外照射剂量为599μSv·a^-1.¹³⁷Cs的积分沉积密度为3.4kBq·m^-2,所致居民外照射剂量为7.46μSv·a^-1.合计606μSv·a^-1.     

吉林省食品和水中天然放射性核素水平及居民内剂量评价的研究

本文报道了吉林省食品和水中天然放射性核素水平及居民内剂量调查结果。样品采集按全省人口分布、地质结构特点及分层随机取样方法共采集粮食、蔬莱、肉、蛋、鱼、奶制品、水果等23类221种样品和39种水样。应用国内先进仪器和分析方法,测定了上述样品中天然放射性核素铀、钍、镭-226和钾-40的放射性水平。各种食品间铀、钍、镭-226活度以磨菇最高,次之是黄豆,镭-226的活度最低是猪肉,钍的活度以延边特产苹果梨最低,铀的活度也是苹果梨最低。城市居民饮用自来水放射性水平波动在(0.07～78.2)·10^-2Bq.L^-1,农村居民饮用井水放射性水平波动在(0.06～92.8)×10^-2Bq.L^-1,全省居民由食入以上三种核素所致人均年有效剂最当量城市为28.2μSv·a^-1,农村为38.0μSv·a^-1,全省人口加权平均为36.3μSv·a^-1。     

北京地区天然本底辐射水平及所致公众剂量评价

本文报道了北京地匮天然辐射豫所致公众剂量的大小、构成和方式。其中来自宇宙射线(电离)雨地表γ辐射的外照射剂量为0.77mSv·a^-1。;通过食入和吸入进入人体内昀放射性核素形成的内照射总计1.66mSv·a^-1。天然辐射内照射源自的80%(全部天然辐射源的55%)来自吸入²²²Rn和托²²⁰Rn的短寿命子体。天然辐射源产生的北京地区公众人均年有效剂量当量为2.43mSv·a^-1,当前北京居民年集体有效剂量当量为2.39×10⁴man·Sv·a^-1。     

陕西省氡浓度水平及内照射剂量研究

我们使用FDT-84型气球法测氡仪器, 以抓测方式, 对欧西省室内外氧及氧氲子休浓度进行了4500次采样测量, 同时,给出西安地区氧的昼夜、季节及高度变化规律。估算出居民成人年有效剂量当量为1.73mSv·a^-1,全省居民集体年有效剂量当量为5.09×10⁴man·Sv·a^-1.浓度水平及剂 量在UVSCEAR近年报告书中各国水平之间,属正常本底范围.     

安徽省环境中氡浓度水平及对居民受照剂量的研究

本文报道了安徽省1719个调查点室内、外氡浓度,其浓度额频度服从对数正态分布,室内氡浓度均值为16.2Bq·m^-3,室外氡浓度均值为9.9Bq·m^-3,碳化砖住宅内氡浓度较高,均值为89.2Bq·m^-3．全省居民受室内,外氡及子件照射的人均年有效剂量当量为1.25mSv,集体年有效剂量当量为7.02×10⁴man·Sv·a^-1。     

浙江省食品和饮水中U、Th、226Ra和40K的水平及对居民所致内照射剂量的评价

本文报道了浙江省19种主要食品和饮水中天然放射性核素U、Th、²²⁶Ra和⁴⁰K的调查结果,并估算了由此所致居民的内照射剂量。通过本次调查基本上摸清了全省13个地区的主要食品和8大水系中天然放射性核素的水平和分布。结果表明,食品中U、Th、²²⁶Ra和⁴⁰K的比活度分别为:(0.05～113)×10^-2,(0.05～10.8)×10^-2、(1.9～290)×10^-2和19.3～533Bq·Kg^-1;在水中的放射性活度分别是(1.40～24.9)×10^-3、(0.14～0.41)×10^-3、(3.7～13.0)×10^-3和(19.3～525)×10^-3Bq·L^-1,U、Th、²²⁶Ra的人均年摄入量分别为:17.0、3.9、44.4Bq。²³⁸U、²³⁴U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra的年有效剂量当量分别为:0.47、0.65、2.9、13.8(×10^-6Sv·a^-1),合计为17.8×10^-6Sv·a^-1。同时,我们还估算了上述核素致本省居民靶器官的年吸收剂量。     

福建省土壤中放射性核素含量及其所致居民剂量

我们在全省9个地市采集土壤样品90个、用Ge(Li)γ谱仪测定了天然放射性核素²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th、⁴⁰K的比活度,平均值分别为56.6、68.5、111.8和606B q·kg^-1.根据土壤中天然放射性核素含量估算了地表γ辐射空气吸收剂量率人口加权平均值,室外和室内分别为11.1×10^-8Gy·h^-1和15.6X10^-8Gy·h^-1.²³⁸U系、²³²Th系和⁴⁰K对地表γ辐射空气吸收剂量率的相对贡献分别为18%、61%和21%.人均年有效剂量当量为901μSv,集体有效剂量当量为2.3X10⁴man·Sv.     

湖北省传统建筑材料的放射性水平及其剂量贡献

湖北省医学科学院放射防护研究所摘要: 本文报道了湖北省不同类型传统建筑材料中天然放射性核素的含量,平均镭当量浓度为0.58～5.25pCi·g^-1。发现古青砖中²²⁶Ra含量低于现代砖。实验砖漏结构房内²²²Rn的析出辜为8.4×10^-16Ci·m²·S^-1。室内、外照射的年有效剂量当量为1.25mSv,其中建材天然放射性核素的剂量贡献为0.74mSv。     

秦山核电站运行前周围环境放射性调查和居民所受剂量估算

本文调查了1983～1988年秦山核电站周围5km、20km, 80km范围内天然辐射外照射水平,20km范围内的土壤、食品和水中总β、⁹⁰Sr,¹³⁷Cs活度.估算了当地居民所受的外照射剂量和因食入⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs造成的内剂量.结果表明:5km,20km和80km的天然辐射外照射剂量相近，其人均年有效剂量当量1.0mSv,由食品所致居民⁹⁰Sr和¹³⁷Cs的年有效剂量当量分别为0.62μSv.a^-1和0.19μSv.a^-1,其结果与浙江省全省环境调查结果基本一致.     

湖北省天然本底辐射照射所致公众剂量

根据环境贯穿辐射, 大气中氡氧气和食品中天然放射性核素的测定结果, 对全省居民由天然本底辐射所致剂量当量进行了估算。结果表明, 全省居民(成人)由天然本底辐射照射所致总的人均有效剂量当量约为2030uSv/a, 集体年有效剂量当量为9.7×10⁴人·Sv; 其中宇宙射线(电离成分+中子成分), 地球Y射线、大气中氡氧气和人体内照射所致人均有效剂量当量分别为305、557、820和347uSv/a。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.