河南省土壤中放射性核素含量与分布

本文报道了用Ge(Li)γ谱仪测定河南省土壤中²³⁸U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra、⁴⁰K和¹³⁷Cs的含量的结果.讨论了这些核素在不同地质及不同土壤中的分布,估算了土壤中天然放射性核素对空气中吸收剂量的贡献.     

江苏省土壤中放射性核素含量

用NaI(T1)γ谱仪对全省79个土壤样品作了²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th、⁴⁰K和¹³⁷Cs含量分析.根据测得数据估算了室外空气吸收剂量率,6.98×10^-8Gy·h^-1,与全省用FD-71型闪烁辐射仪的调查结果相一致.计算了各核素对室外陆地γ辐射空气吸收剂量率的相对贡献,其中²³²Th的贡献占47%.     

北京地区土壤中232Th、225Ra、40KTh浓度及其对天然γ辐射剂量的贡献

为调查北京地区外环境中来自地层的天然放射性核素的辐射剂量,在用现场辐射仪测量的同时,用φ75×75mm NaI (T1)-塑料反符合低本底γ谱仪,分析了北京地区143个土壤样品.结果表明,北京地区表层土壤中²³²Th、²²⁶Ra和⁴⁰K浓度随地点、地形、成土母质类型有很大变化,东南平原和西北山区,²³²Th和²²⁶Ra浓度差别不显著,而⁴⁰K浓度在α=0.001水平上有显著差异;按成土母质区分,岩浆岩和沉积岩⁴⁰K和²³²Th均有显著差异.     

低本底反康普顿HpGeγ谱仪在环境样品分析中的初步应用

本文报道一台反康普顿低本底高纯锗(HpGe)γ谱仪的初步应用。该谱仪有极低的本底和良好的康普顿抑村佳能。通过对相对样品在有无反符合屏蔽情况下的γ诺分析对比表阴, 它在环境样品的分析中, 其优越性显着。在对鲤鱼器首组织的分部样品的分析中, 得到基肉和骨中²²⁶Ra的比活度为1:35,其与文献所载鱼肉、鱼骨的²²⁶Ra的积累因子之。比为1:37的结果非常一致。由此表明, 该谱仪在用于低活度的放射性核素转移规律的研究方面, 有广阔的应用前景。     

安徽省土壤中放射性核素的含量与分布

本文报告了安徽省土壤中放射性核素含量的一次调查结果.根据地形、地质条件将全省划分为皖北、大别山区、长江沿岸及皖南山区四个采样区,在53个采样点上采集了70个表层土壤样品,用低本底γ闪烁谱仪测量样品.测量结果表明,天然放射性核素²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th、⁴⁰K的哥含量由北向南逐渐升高,与本省地势北低南高相一致;土壤中¹³⁷Cs的含量以长江沿岸区为最低;黄山、九华山等风景区天然放射性核素含量较高.全省土壤中²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th、⁴⁰K和¹³⁷Cs的含量的平均值分别为32.5、33.8、49.9、502和10.7Bq·kg^-1.由土壤中放射性核素的含量估算的年有效剂量当量为0.53mSv,与本省地球γ外照射巡测结果0.59mSv相近.     

环境样品中放射性核素γ谱分析的比对

为了对用γ谱仪分析环境样品中的放射性核素含量进行质量控制,组织了第二次卫生部系统及有关单位的γ谱分析环境样品的比对工作.本文介绍了这次比对的方法,方式、数据处理、定值方法及十二个实验室分析三个不同填充密度的土壤样品及二个河泥样品中的²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th、⁴⁰K¹³⁷Cs和¹³⁴Cs等放射性核素含量的测量结果,还分析了各实验室测量数据的精确度,有86%左右的测量分析数据与参考值在±20%以内符合,只有个别实验室由于系统误差较大,影响了测量结果的准确性.     

广西土壤中放射性核素水平

广西37个土壤样品于1983～1985年采集,以Ge(Li)γ谱仪测定自电镀法测定²³⁸U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra、⁴⁰K和¹³⁷Cs,自电镀法测定²¹⁰Po和²¹⁰Pb.     

湖南省土壤中放射性核素含量

用NaI(T1)γ谱仪测定了湖南省66个土壤样品和31个岩石样品.结果表明,上壤中²³⁸U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra、⁴⁰K和¹³⁷Cs的平均含量(Bq·kg^-1)分别是46.4,73.7,59.8,542.1,9.0,在土壤中⁴⁰K的含量最高.     

西藏自治区土壤中天然放射性核素浓度及其外照射剂量

用γ谱仪分析了西藏自治区土壤样品,结果表明,西藏土壤中²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th、⁴⁰K平均浓度分别为46.5、41.3、77.0、693.2Bq·kg^-1,人口加权平均值分别为45.1、39.5、74.9、686.7Bq·kg^-1.     

福建省土壤中放射性核素含量及其所致居民剂量

我们在全省9个地市采集土壤样品90个、用Ge(Li)γ谱仪测定了天然放射性核素²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th、⁴⁰K的比活度,平均值分别为56.6、68.5、111.8和606B q·kg^-1.根据土壤中天然放射性核素含量估算了地表γ辐射空气吸收剂量率人口加权平均值,室外和室内分别为11.1×10^-8Gy·h^-1和15.6X10^-8Gy·h^-1.²³⁸U系、²³²Th系和⁴⁰K对地表γ辐射空气吸收剂量率的相对贡献分别为18%、61%和21%.人均年有效剂量当量为901μSv,集体有效剂量当量为2.3X10⁴man·Sv.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.