日本血吸虫抗原的表位模拟肽筛选及免疫保护性

目的　筛选日本血吸虫雄虫抗原的表位模拟肽 ,并探讨其诱导小鼠抗日本血吸虫的免疫保护性。　方法　用日本血吸虫可溶性雄虫抗原的IgG对噬菌体随机 1 2肽库进行亲和筛选。 3轮筛选后 ,经Dot-ELISA检测获得阳性噬菌体克隆 ,并用混合特异性噬菌体克隆免疫小鼠及进行抗日本血吸虫免疫保护性分析。　结果　 1 8个特异性噬菌体克隆均显示有抗原性 ,其噬菌体混合克隆免疫诱导小鼠产生了特异性抗体 ,以及 31 72 %的减虫率和 51 54%的减卵率 ,与对照组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 0 1 )。　结论　筛选噬菌体肽库获得的日本血吸虫可溶性雄虫抗原的表位模拟肽分子能诱导小鼠产生抗日本血吸虫的保护性免疫。     

日本血吸虫Sj31核酸疫苗联合IFN-γ重组质粒诱导小鼠保护性免疫的研究

目的　探讨干扰素 γ重组质粒对日本血吸虫组织蛋白酶B核酸疫苗在小鼠抗血吸虫作用的影响。　方法　将小鼠干扰素 γ基因PCR扩增片段克隆入真核表达载体pCDNA3 1以构建重组真核表达质粒pCDNA3 1 IFN γ ,并与日本血吸虫组织蛋白酶B真核表达质粒VR10 12 Sj3 1一同免疫小鼠。小鼠分为 4组 ,其中实验组每鼠同时肌注VR10 12 Sj3 1及pCDNA3 1 IFN γ各 10 0 μg ,3个对照组分别为VR10 12 Sj3 1肌注 10 0 μg ,pCDNA3 1 IFN γ肌注 10 0 μg和载体VR10 12及pCHAN3 1肌注各 10 0 μg。共免疫 3次 ,每次间隔 2周。于末次免疫后两周免疫组化检测表达质粒在小鼠肌细胞的表达 ,于末次免疫后 3周经小鼠皮肤攻击感染 40± 1条日本血吸虫尾蚴。 45d后杀小鼠计算减虫率。　结果　VR10 12 Sj3 1及pCDNA3 1 IFN γ均在小鼠肌细胞表达 ,日本血吸虫Sj3 1核酸疫苗联合IFN γ重组质粒免疫可诱导小鼠产生 2 7 3 7%的减虫率 ,与日本血吸虫Sj3 1核酸疫苗单独免疫组比较减虫率显著 (P <0 0 5 )。　结论　IFN γ表达质粒能增强日本血吸虫组织蛋白酸B核酸疫苗的抗日本血吸虫的作用     

日本血吸虫Calpain疫苗候选分子抗感染的免疫机制

目的探讨日本血吸虫疫苗候选分子—钙离子激活的中性蛋白激酶(Calpain)的保护性免疫力和免疫保护性机制。方法用重组纯化的Calpain抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备抗Calpain血清,抗Calpain血清与机械转化的日本血吸虫童虫和来自于同种鼠激活的嗜酸性粒细胞共同培养,观察细胞对血吸虫童虫的粘附及对童虫的杀伤效果;RT-PCR分析Calpain抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠一氧化氮激酶(iNos.eNos.nNos)mRNA的表达;ELISA分析免疫小鼠体外培养脾细胞产生的细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-4。结果重组Calpain抗原免疫小鼠后,产生了一个极高的抗Calpain特异性抗体,此抗体介导了同种鼠的嗜酸性粒细胞对日本血吸虫童虫的粘附,37℃、5%CO2培养48h后,33.8%的日本血吸虫童虫被杀死,与控制组14.5%的自然死亡率相比有一个显著性的增高(P<0.01);RT-PCR测定重组Calpain抗原免疫1周小鼠iNosmRNA的表达显著性的增强,培养24h脾细胞上清中IFN-γ浓度高于对照组。结论Calpain特异性抗体介导了对日本血吸虫童虫的细胞毒作用,Calpain抗原能够诱导IFN-γ的产生,提示Calpain诱导Th1的免疫应答反应来抗日本血吸虫的感染。     

树突状细胞抗日本血吸虫感染保护性免疫力的研究

目的 探讨日本血吸虫可溶性虫卵抗原(SEA)致敏树突状细胞抗血吸虫感染的保护性免疫力。方法 利用SEA分别致敏树突状细胞和巨噬细胞，将致敏树突状细胞和巨噬细胞分别免疫BALB／C小鼠3次，攻击感染6周后计数成虫和肝脏虫卵。结果 SEA致敏树突状细胞免疫小鼠诱导27．3％的减虫率和41．5％的减卵率，明显高于SEA致敏巨噬细胞组(22．0％和30．7％)和未致敏树突状细胞及巨噬细胞组(16．3％，27．3％和11．7％，17．0％)，血清抗体水平于第6周达高峰。结论 SEA致敏树突状细胞具有抗日本血吸虫感染的保护性免疫作用。     

日本血吸虫核酸疫苗pcDNA3．1／SjMfl粘膜免疫小鼠的保护力研究

目的　探讨日本血吸虫核酸疫苗pcDNA3 1/SjMf1粘膜免疫诱导小鼠抗攻击感染的保护力。　方法　按常规方法构建pcDNA3 1/SjMf1。粘膜免疫采用滴鼻方法。供试小鼠随机分为 5组 ,每组 12只 ,包括MPL、pcDNA3 1、pcDNA3 1 MPL、pcDNA3 1/SjMf1和pcDNA3 1/SjMf1 MPL组。第 3次免疫后 2周 ,每只经腹部感染 ( 4 0± 1)条尾蚴。45d宰杀小鼠 ,以观察减虫率和减卵率。在初次免疫前和攻击感染前尾静脉采血的收集粪便 ,ELISA检测血清内特异性IgA和IgG及粪内sIgA水平。　结果　pcDNA3 1/SjMf1滴鼻免疫可诱导小鼠血清内特异性IgA和IgG及粪内sIgA水平。pcDNA3 1/SjMf1和pcDNA3 1/SjMf1加MPL滴鼻免疫诱导小鼠产生的减虫率分别为 2 7 97%和 3 4 75 % ,减卵率分别为 3 8 64 %和 43 3 7%。二者的减虫率和减卵率差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。　结论　pcDNA3 1/SjMf1滴鼻免疫可诱导小鼠产生全身和粘膜免疫应答及部分抗击感染的保护力     

日本血吸虫（大陆株）融合蛋白保护性免疫力的研究

采用日本血吸虫(大陆株)融合蛋白加福氏佐剂免疫小鼠,攻击感染后,不但可减少虫负荷(减虫率为29.2—51.0%),还可降低血吸虫雌虫的产卵量(减卵率为52.1—74.3%),血清抗体在初次免疫后3周即明显升高,并持续维持较高的水平。结果表明,经大肠杆菌表达的日本血吸虫重组融合蛋白能诱导抗攻击感染的保护性免疫力,可望作为混合多价疫苗的候选组份而大规模的生产。     

不同载体的日本血吸虫DNA疫苗诱导小鼠免疫效果的观察

目的　观察不同真核表达载体的日本血吸虫 DNA疫苗的免疫效果 ,筛选合适的血吸虫 DNA疫苗。方法　将小鼠分成 5组 ,于第 0、 3、 5周将日本血吸虫真核表达载体 p BK- Sj2 3 ,p BK- Sj2 6以及 p CD- Sj2 3 ,p CD- Sj2 6,分别接种小鼠股四头肌 ,第 9周每组小鼠以 40± 2条血吸虫尾蚴攻击感染 ,攻击感染 6周后 ,剖杀小鼠 ,计算减虫率和减卵率 ,比较含血吸虫同一抗原分子的不同载体诱导小鼠的抗攻击感染能力。结果　发现疫苗 p CD- Sj2 3和 p CD- Sj2 6诱导小鼠的减虫率和减卵率分别为 3 0 .5 0 %和 3 3 .0 2 % ;疫苗 p BK- Sj2 3和 p BK- Sj2 6诱导小鼠的减虫率和减卵率分别为 18.2 4%和 2 1.70 % ,含血吸虫同一抗原分子的不同载体诱导小鼠的抗攻击感染能力具有显著性差异。结论　由真核表达载体p CD构建的血吸虫 DNA疫苗比由真核表达载体 p BK构建的血吸虫 DNA疫苗具有更好的抗血吸虫感染的能力     

日本血吸虫大陆株26KDa基因重组蛋白保护性免疫力的研究

本文报道了ｒＳｊｃ２６ＧＳＴ分别抗原可诱导宿主产生抗日本血吸虫感染的保护性免疫力，获得免疫的小鼠虫贡荷与肝、脾组织中虫卵负荷均下降，减虫率与肝、脾减卵分别为３０与５７．１１％、７９．９７％。ＥＬＩＳＡ测免疫鼠血清特异性抗体水平明显升高。提示ｒＳｊｃ２６ＧＳＴ作为日本血吸虫病候选疫苗矍有广泛应用前景。     

日本血吸虫组织蛋白酶B2在小鼠抗血吸虫再感染中的作用

目的 构建日本血吸虫组织蛋白酶B（Sjcb2）真核表达载体,检测日本血吸虫组织蛋白酶B2单独和联合吡喹酮（PZQ）在小鼠抗血吸虫再感染中的作用.方法 将60只BALB/c雌性小鼠随机均分为六组,建立日本血吸虫感染动物模型：感染组、感染攻击组、空质粒处理组、Sjcb2免疫组、吡喹酮处理组、Sjcb2联合吡喹酮处理组.Sjcb2免疫组和Sjcb2联合吡喹酮组分别在初次尾蚴感染前第21天、14天及7天接种pcDNA3.1（＋）/Sjcb2重组质粒,空质粒处理组接种pcDNA3.1（＋）空质粒.初次尾蚴感染后第六周,对吡喹酮处理组和Sjcb2联合吡喹酮处理组小鼠给予PZQ治疗.除感染组外其它各组在第八周再次进行尾蚴攻击感染.分别于第8周和第14周取各组小鼠肝脏组织做病理切片,观察虫卵肉芽肿大小;采用间接ELISA法检测血清中特异性IgE和IgG亚型（IgG1,IgG2和IgG3）;检测各组小鼠荷成虫数,计算抗血吸虫再感染率.结果 Sjcb2免疫组、联合组与其它组分别比较,小鼠荷虫数显著性减少,抗血吸虫再感染率显著升高,虫卵肉芽肿直径显著减小,IgG1水平显著下降和IgE水平显著升高（P〈0.01）.结论 Sjcb2在小鼠模型中具有抗日本血吸虫再感染作用,抗血吸虫再感染率为70.3%,抗再感染作用机制可能与特异性IgE水平升高和IgG1水平下降有关.     

日本血吸虫Mf2基因的亚克隆表达与免疫保护效果研究

目的 在大肠杆菌中高效表达日本血吸虫(Schistosoma japonicum，Sj）Mf2蛋白，并对表达产物进行免疫保护效果测定。方法 将SjMf2基因亚克隆至pCEX—5X—3原核表达载体，以GST融合蛋白的形式在ER2688中表达，表达产物免疫小鼠，免疫用抗原剂量为50μg/次.鼠，对照组分别注射FCA或PBS，在0、2、6周共免疫3次。第3次免疫后2周进行攻击感染，42d后杀鼠，观察减虫和减卵效果。结果 在IPTG诱导下，表达载体中的SjGST基因与重组的SjMf2基因在大肠杆菌中得以高效表达，形成了SjGST—Mf2融合蛋白，用这种融合蛋白免疫小鼠，诱导产生了27．75％的减虫率和45．7％的每雌肝组织虫卵减少率(LEPF)。结论 SjMf2基因亚克隆至pGEX—5X—3载体后可在大肠杆菌中高效表达，表达产物能诱导小鼠产生一定程度的抗日本血吸虫保护性免疫力。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.