垂体腺瘤中凋亡抑制基因survivin的表达和bcl-2、p53相关性的研究

目的 :通过检测垂体腺瘤中的凋亡细胞 ,研究新的凋亡抑制基因survivin在垂体腺瘤组织中的表达及其与bcl- 2和 p5 3基因表达的相关性 ,探讨垂体腺瘤的发生与细胞凋亡的关系 ,以及survivin、bcl- 2、p5 3基因在垂体腺瘤AP发生中的调控作用。方法 :应用末端脱氧核糖核酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记技术 (TUNEL)和免疫组织化学链霉素抗生物素蛋白 -过氧化酶连接法 (SP法 )检测 8例正常垂体组织和 4 8例不同分化程度的垂体腺瘤组织的细胞调亡和survivin、bcl- 2、p5 3基因的表达。统计学分析采用SPSS10 .0软件系统进行处理 ,检验水准取α=0 .0 5。结果 :本组 4 8例垂体腺瘤标本中 ,4 3例有不同程度的凋亡发生 ,凋亡细胞发生率为 89.6 % (4 3/ 4 8)。在非侵袭性垂体腺瘤组织中细胞凋亡指数 (apoptosisindex ,AI)平均为 12 .6 % ,在侵袭性垂体腺瘤组织中AI为2 .7% ,两者相比差异具有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。survivin基因在正常垂体组织中不表达 ;4 8例垂体腺瘤组织中 ,32例表达阳性 ,占 6 6 .7% ;其中侵袭性垂体腺瘤survivin基因的阳性表达率为 81.5 % (2 2 / 2 7) ,非侵袭性垂体腺瘤为 4 7.6 % (10 / 2 1) ,两者相比 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。分泌型 (功能性 )垂体腺瘤中survivin基因表达阳性率为     

垂体腺瘤细胞增殖、凋亡与侵袭性生长关系的研究

目的 探讨垂体腺瘤细胞的增殖、凋亡与侵袭性生长的关系。 方法 对37例侵袭性垂体腺瘤及30例非侵袭性垂体腺瘤患者采用免疫组化SP法测定增殖细胞核抗原(PGNA)、B细胞淋巴瘤(Bcl-2)及相关基因(Bax)蛋白产物的表达。 结果 侵袭性垂体腺瘤患者与非侵袭性垂体腺瘤患者比较 ,PCNA、Bcl-2和Bax的表达水平均明显增高(均P<0.05)。结论 垂体腺瘤的侵袭性生长与PCNA、Bcl-2和Bax的异常表达有关 ,是肿瘤细胞不断增殖和凋亡抑制的结果     

内毒素脂多糖诱导人牙髓细胞凋亡的机制

目的观察内毒素脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)对体外培养的人牙髓细胞的致凋亡作用及其对凋亡相关的半胱氨酸蛋白酶3(caspase 3)、B细胞淋巴瘤 2（Bcl 2）、B细胞淋巴瘤相关蛋白X（Bax）活性的影响。方法用不同浓度(0、0.01、0.10、1.00、10.00、100.00?mg/L)的LPS作用于细胞,采用MTT染色法检测LPS对细胞增殖的影响;采用流式细胞术检测细胞周期及凋亡;采用免疫组织化学染色技术检测细胞的caspase 3、Bcl 2、Bax表达变化。结果不同浓度LPS组细胞的生长与对照组相比均受到显著的抑制(P＜0.05),细胞增殖抑制率呈剂量依赖关系;流式细胞术检测结果显示,不同浓度的LPS作用细胞72?h,细胞的凋亡率分别为3.1%、3.5%、12.1%、14.4%、24.3%、59.7%;免疫组织化学染色显示Bax表达增强,Bcl 2、caspase 3表达减弱。结论LPS可显著地抑制人牙髓细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,降低Bcl 2、caspase 3活性,升高Bax活性,并呈明显的量效关系。     

肝细胞性肝癌中p28GANK基因的表达与凋亡基因bax、bcl-2表达的关系

目的探讨p28GANK基因在肝细胞性肝癌组织中的表达及其与细胞凋亡的关系。方法收集肝细胞性肝癌组织68例、正常肝组织30例,采用免疫组化法检测标本中p28GANK基因、凋亡基因Bcl-2和Bax的表达情况。结果 p28GANK在肝细胞性肝癌和正常肝组织中的阳性表达率分别为73.5%和6.7%,肝细胞性肝癌中p28GANK基因的表达高于正常肝组织(P0.01)。肝细胞性肝癌组织Bax的表达明显低于正常肝组织(P0.05),而Bcl-2的表达明显高于正常肝组织(P0.05)。肝细胞性肝癌组织p28GANK的表达与Bcl-2的表达呈正相关(P0.05),但与Bax的表达无明显相关性(P0.05)。结论 p28GANK蛋白表达与肝细胞性肝癌的发生发展可能相关,p28GANK和凋亡抑制基因Bcl2的共同表达可能在肝细胞性肝癌中起协同作用。     

妊娠期糖尿病胎盘细胞凋亡及其调控基因表达的研究(摘要)

目的 :研究胎盘细胞凋亡及其调控基因在妊娠期糖尿病发生、发展中的作用及其与临床结局的关系 .方法 :对40例妊娠期糖尿病 (GDM )患者和 40例对照孕妇的胎盘组织进行检测 ,用DNA缺口原位末端标记 (TUNEL)技术检测细胞凋亡 ,免疫组织化学方法 (S -P)检测促(抑 )凋亡基因Bax/Bcl -2表达水平 .结果 :妊娠期糖尿病组胎盘细胞滋养层细胞、合体滋养层细胞的凋亡指数及Bax ,Bcl -2蛋白表达的阳性率均高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,Bax/Bcl-2的比率也高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) .妊娠期糖尿病组胎盘细胞凋亡指数与孕妇OGTT值和新生儿体重呈正相…     

氯化两面针碱对垂体腺瘤GH3细胞的抑制作用

目的 探讨氯化两面针碱对垂体腺瘤GH3细胞的抑制作用及其机制。方法 不同浓度的氯化两面针碱作用于GH3细胞,培养不同时间后分别检测其作用效果:CCK-8检测各组GH3细胞存活率;Annexin V/PI凋亡试剂盒染色后,采用流式细胞术检测各组GH3细胞凋亡率;PI染色后采用流式细胞术进行细胞周期分析;实时定量PCR检测凋亡相关基因Bax、 Bcl-2,以及细胞周期相关基因Cyclin B1、CDK1、p21和p27的mRNA表达水平;Western blotting法检测Bax、Bcl-2、Cyclin B1和CDK1蛋白,以及丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(AKT)和细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)信号通路蛋白的表达水平。结果 氯化两面针碱可抑制GH3细胞增殖,促进GH3细胞凋亡及细胞周期阻滞于G2/M期;氯化两面针碱能够抑制AKT及ERK信号通路的激活。结论 氯化两面针碱有效抑制垂体腺瘤GH3细胞的增殖和促进其凋亡,可作为有效治疗垂体腺瘤的潜在药物。     

Survivin凋亡抑制基因在垂体腺瘤中的表达及其与bcl-2、p53相关性的研究

目的 :探讨凋亡抑制基因survivin在垂体腺瘤中的表达 ,及其与bcl 2和p5 3表达蛋白的相关性。方法 :采用免疫组织化学链霉菌抗生物素蛋白 过氧化酶连接法 (SP法 ) ,检测survivin、bcl 2、p5 3基因表达蛋白在 8例正常垂体组织及 3 8例垂体腺瘤组织中的表达。结果 :survivin基因表达蛋白在正常垂体中无表达 ,3 8例垂体腺瘤中 ,2 3例表达阳性 ,占 60 5 %病理分型中PRL型、GH型、混合型阳性表达率分别为 12 /17、7/13、4/8三者比较 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。垂体腺瘤bcl 2表达蛋白的阳性与阴性中 ,survivin蛋白表达阳性率分别为 15 /17、8/2 1。两者比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) :而p5 3表达蛋白的阳性和阴性中 ,survivin蛋白表达阳性率分别为 2 /6,2 2 /2 3 ,两者相比 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) :survivin基因蛋白的表达阳性率与垂体腺瘤组织中的bcl 2蛋白表达密切相关 ,与p5 3蛋白表达无相关性。结论 :survivin蛋白表达的异常而引起细胞凋亡抑制 ,在垂体腺瘤的发生中起一定作用 ,其过度表达提示垂体腺瘤增生极度活跃 ,survivin蛋白表达与垂体腺瘤中bcl 2蛋白的异常表达密切相关     

miR-224-5p 通过靶向SMAD5对弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的调控作用

【摘要】目的 探讨miR 224 5p对弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的作用及机制。方法 RT qPCR检测弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤组织和细胞中miR 224 5p与SMAD5 mRNA的表达。利用Lipofectamine 2000将miR NC、miR 1224 5p mimic、miR 224 5p inhibitor 、pc SMAD5质粒分别或联合转染进入U2932细胞分别记为miR NC组、miR 1224 5p mimic组、miR 224 5p inhibitor组,未转染正常培养的U2932细胞记为Control组。MTT法检测细胞生长,克隆形成实验检测细胞增殖,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,蛋白印迹法检测cleaved caspase 3、Bax、Bcl 2、SMAD5蛋白相对表达量,双荧光素酶报告检测靶向关系。结果 miR 224 5p在弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤组织和细胞中均明显下调。与Control组相比,miR 224 5p mimic组U2932细胞吸光值和克隆细胞数目明显减少、细胞凋亡率及cleaved Caspase 3、Bax表达明显升高、Bcl 2表达明显降低（P＜001）,miR 224 5p inhibitor组U2932细胞吸光值和克隆细胞数目明显增加、细胞凋亡率及cleaved Caspase 3、Bax表达明显降低、Bcl 2表达明显升高（P＜001）。miR 224 5p靶向下调SMAD5。共转染pc SMAD5后逆转miR 224 5p对弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的作用。结论 miR 224 5p过表达靶向SMAD5抑制弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤U2932细胞增殖并诱导其凋亡。     

长链非编码RNA TTN-AS1靶向miR-134-5p调控乳腺癌细胞的生长和转移

【摘要】目的 探讨长链非编码RNA(LncRNA) TTN AS1对乳腺癌生长和转移的作用及机制。方法 qRT PCR检测TTN AS1在MDA MB 231、BT 20、SKBR 3、MCF 7、MDA MB 468 5种乳腺癌细胞中的表达水平。乳腺癌细胞转染shRNA抑制TTN AS1的表达,转染后,CCK8检测各组细胞的增殖能力,流式细胞术检测各组细胞凋亡水平,Transwell小室法检测各组细胞迁移能力,Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白Bcl 2、Bax、Cleaved Caspase 3、Caspase 3相对表达水平。miRcode数据库预测LncRNA TTN AS1与miR 134 5p的结合位点,双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证LncRNA TTN AS1与miR 134 5p的靶向关系。乳腺癌细胞中转染shRNA抑制TTN AS1的表达的同时转染miR 134 5p inhibitor抑制miR 134 5p的表达,然后检测细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移能力及凋亡相关蛋白的表达。结果 TTN AS1在5种乳腺癌细胞中均高表达;抑制TTN AS1的表达后乳腺癌细胞的增殖和迁移能力显著下调,细胞凋亡水平显著增加,Bcl 2表达显著下调,Bax、Cleaved Caspase 3显著上调（均P＜005）。miR 134 5p为LncRNA TTN AS1靶基因,抑制TTN AS1表达的同时抑制miR 134 5p表达细胞增殖和迁移能力均显著高于单独抑制TTN AS1组,细胞凋亡水平显著低于单独抑制TTN AS1组,凋亡相关蛋白表达亦呈显著变化(均P＜005)。结论 TTN AS1通过靶向抑制miR-134-5p调控乳腺癌细胞的增殖、凋亡、迁移能力以及凋亡相关蛋白的表达。     

垂体腺瘤中凋亡抑制基因survivin的表达和bcl-2、p63相关性的研究

目的：通过检测垂体腺瘤中的凋亡细胞，研究新的凋亡抑制基因survivin在垂体腺瘤组织中的表达及其与bcl-2和p53基因表达的相关性，探讨垂体腺瘤的发生与细胞凋亡的关系，以及survivin、bcl-2、p53基因在垂体腺瘤AP发生中的调控作用。方法：应用末端脱氧核糖核酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记技术(TUNEL)和免疫组织化学链霉素抗生物素蛋白-过氧化酶连接法(SP法)检测8例正常垂体组织和48例不同分化程度的垂体腺瘤组织的细胞调亡和survivin、bcl-2、p53基因的表达。统计学分析采用SPSS10．0软件系统进行处理，检验水准取α=0．05。结果：本组48例垂体腺瘤标本中，43例有不同程度的凋亡发生，凋亡细胞发生率为89．6％(43／48)。在非侵袭性垂体腺瘤组织中细胞凋亡指数(apoptosis index，AI)平均为12．6％，在侵袭性垂体腺瘤组织中AI为2．7％，两者相比差异具有统计学意义(P<0．05)。survivin基因在正常垂体组织中不表达；48例垂体腺瘤组织中，32例表达阳性，占66．7％；其中侵袭性垂体腺瘤survivin基因的阳性表达率为81．5％(22／27)，非侵袭性垂体腺瘤为47．6％(10／21)，两者相比，差异有统计学意义(P<0．05)。分泌型(功能性)垂体腺瘤中survivin基因表达阳性率为70％(21／30)，无分泌型(无功能性)垂体腺瘤为61．1％(11／18)，两者相比差异无统计学意义(P>0．05)。垂体腺瘤组织中bcl-2基因表达阳性、阴性者中，survivin基因表达阳性率分别为79．3％(23／29)和47．4％(9／19)，两者相比较，差异有统计学意义(P<0、05)。p53基因表达阳性、阴性者中，survivin基因表达阳性率分别为91．7％(11／12)和58．3％(21／36)，两者相比较，差异有统计学意义(P<0．05)。结论：survivin基因过度表达抑制细胞凋亡(AI降低)，在垂体腺瘤的发生发展过程中起一定作用，提示侵袭性强，预后不良。survivin基因的表达与垂体腺瘤组织中bel-2、p53基因的异常表达密切相关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.