颅内动脉瘤破裂出血后假性动脉瘤形成的实验和临床研究

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂出血后在其破口周围可以形成假性动脉瘤,对其应早期诊断尽快治疗,防止再出血,提高治愈率,降低死残率。方法通过用兔建立的假性动脉瘤与真性动脉瘤合并假性动脉瘤的动物模型,探讨假性动脉瘤形成的机理,并结合临床在治疗颅内动脉瘤破裂出血早期、DSA造影影像分析及GDC血管内栓塞动脉瘤时所见的情况进行分析。结果用创伤与显微外科相结合的方法,可以成功建立假性动脉瘤,其形成过程分为动脉瘤破裂出血期、假性动脉瘤形成前期、假性动脉瘤形成期及假性动脉瘤增大破裂出血期四个阶段。颅内动脉瘤破裂出血早期行DSA血管造影时可见其影像形态不规则呈哑铃状、双腔与瘤囊顶鼓出小泡等表现,血管内栓塞治疗可见(1)GDC只能进入靠近载瘤动脉的瘤腔,并将其栓塞,完全不进入远离载瘤动脉的瘤腔,栓塞后透视下见未充填GDC的瘤腔内有造影剂滞留,栓塞后造影见动脉瘤完全闭塞,随访造影见动脉瘤完全消失;(2)GDC完全填塞靠近载瘤动脉的瘤腔,部分填塞远离载瘤动脉的瘤腔,栓塞后造影见动脉瘤完全消失,随访造影动脉瘤消失;(3)GDC将靠近与远离载瘤动脉的两个瘤腔完全填塞,栓塞后造影见动脉瘤完全闭塞,随访造影见动脉瘤消失。结论颅内动脉瘤破裂出血后,在其破口周围可以形成假性动脉瘤,对伴有假性动脉瘤的颅内     

未破裂颅内动脉瘤的临床特点及血管内栓塞治疗

目的总结未破裂颅内动脉瘤的临床特点以及用电解可脱性弹簧圈(GDC)血管内栓塞治疗的技术要点、并发症及其防治经验,并客观评价其必要性、安全性及治疗效果。方法采用电解可脱性弹簧圈对46例未破裂颅内动脉瘤患者进行动脉瘤囊内栓塞。结果成功栓塞46个动脉瘤,其中100%闭塞42个,95%闭塞3个,90%闭塞1个,全组无死亡。术中并发脑血管痉挛2例,弹簧圈末端逸出1例,1例复发者经二次填充GDC栓塞而治愈。术后随访12~72个月,临床症状均消失,20例有颅神经压迫症状者18例完全恢复正常,另2例为永久性动眼神经不全麻痹,全组术后均无破裂出血。结论对未破裂颅内动脉瘤早期诊断和早期治疗是必要的,采用电解可脱性弹簧圈进行动脉瘤囊内栓塞的方法安全实用、疗效可靠。     

前交通动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗

目的总结以电解可脱性弹簧圈(GDC)血管内栓塞治疗前交通动脉瘤的技术要点、并发症及其防治经验,并评价其治疗效果.方法对46例前交通动脉瘤患者采用经皮股动脉穿刺行全脑选择性血管造影术,应用GDC进行动脉瘤囊内栓塞;术后早期处理出血并有效的对症治疗.结果成功栓塞46个动脉瘤,其中44例临床痊愈,2例死亡,死亡率4.3%.术中动脉瘤腔100%闭塞者41例,95%闭塞者3例,90%闭塞者2例.术中动脉瘤破裂1例,并发脑血栓1例,并发脑血管痉挛4例;术后无弹簧圈末端逸出,1例复发者经二次补充GDC栓塞而治愈.术后随访3～50个月均无再出血.结论对前交通动脉瘤采用GDC进行血管内囊内栓塞疗效可靠;早期诊断、早期治疗、正确处理术中并发症、提高栓塞技术及积极有效的术后处理是减少术后并发症、提高治愈率的重要方法.     

小型颅内动脉瘤的临床特点及血管内栓塞治疗

目的总结小型颅内动脉瘤的临床特点以及血管内栓塞的技术要点与疗效。方法对45例小型颅内动脉瘤患者采用电解可脱性弹簧圈(GDC)或Trufill DCS Orbit微型三维填塞型水解铂金弹簧圈进行动脉瘤囊内栓塞。结果45个动脉瘤中41个瘤腔100%闭塞,3个95%闭塞,1个90%闭塞。术后44例临床痊愈,其治疗结果根据Glasgow预后评分:Ⅰ级29例,Ⅱ级11例,Ⅲ级3例,Ⅳ级1例,Ⅴ级1例;全组死亡率2.2%。栓塞术中并发脑血管痉挛6例。术后随访3-69个月均无再出血及复发。结论对小型颅内动脉瘤采用GDC或Truffill DCS Orbit微型三维填塞型水解铂金弹簧圈进行血管内囊内栓塞疗效可靠;根据小型颅内动脉瘤的临床特点进行栓塞是提高治愈率、降低并发症及死亡率的重要方法。     

破裂性大脑中动脉瘤的临床特点及血管内栓塞治疗

目的总结破裂性大脑中动脉瘤的临床特点以及血管内栓塞治疗的疗效与技术要点。方法对32例破裂性大脑中动脉瘤患者用电解可脱性弹簧圈（GDC）进行动脉瘤囊内栓塞；术后早期处理出血。结果32个动脉瘤中27个瘤腔100％闭塞，3个95％闭塞，2个90％闭塞。术后30例临床痊愈，2例死亡，死亡率6．3％。术中并发脑血管痉挛4例；术后并发脑梗塞1例。1例复发者经二次补充GDC栓塞治愈。全组出现与栓塞技术相关的并发症4例。术后随访3～72个月均无再出血。结论对破裂性大脑中动脉瘤采用GDC进行血管内囊内栓塞疗效可靠；早期栓塞及有效的术后处理是提高破裂性大脑中动脉瘤治愈率的重要方法。     

颅内动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗的临床效果

目的探讨可脱性弹簧圈及可脱性球囊血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的效果及技术要点。方法对1328例来自华南地区部分省市的颅内动脉瘤应用微导管技术，在数字减影血管造影监视下行血管内栓寒治疗，其中85例90个动脉瘤用机械式可脱性弹簧圈（MDS)栓塞，825例847个动脉瘤用电解式可脱性弹簧圈（GDC)栓塞67例巨大动脉瘤中37例片可脱性球囊闭塞载瘤动脉．18例用GDC．11例川EDC，1例用MDS闭塞载瘤动脉。结果成功栓塞1328例1370个动脉瘤，1322例痊愈，6例死亡。栓寒程度：100％栓寒1281个(包括载瘤动脉闭塞者)，95％栓寒65个，90％栓塞20个，80％栓寒4个术中动脉瘤破裂9例，并发脑梗死5例，1例微弹簧末端逸出并顽固性脑血管痉挛。2例复发者冉给予GDC栓塞而治愈．结论血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤是一种比较安全、可靠、有效的治疗手段，动脉瘤较大者，术后复发率高；术前反复蛛网膜下腔出血者，术中动脉瘤破裂的可能性较大。     

应用电解可脱性弹簧圈栓塞颅内动脉瘤临床体会

目的:讨论电解可脱性弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的治疗要点、并发症及疗效的体会。方法:对43例破裂颅内动脉瘤患者采用电解可脱性弹簧圈进行颅内动脉瘤囊内栓塞。术后早期处理出血并进行有效的对症治疗。结果:43例患者发现47个动脉瘤,栓塞导致出血的43个。其中38个100%闭塞,4个95%闭塞,1个90%闭塞。术中出血2例,血管痉挛5例,术后血管痉挛3例。术后39例临床痊愈,2例因合并脑积水行脑室腹腔引流术,2例死亡,随访期间均无再出血。结论:作者体会对颅内动脉瘤可应用脱性弹簧圈进行血管内栓塞疗效可靠,早期栓塞及有效的术后处理可减少并发症,提高治愈率。     

可脱性弹簧图栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的 应用可脱性弹簧圈经血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤。方法 32例颅内动脉瘤患均采用机械可脱性弹簧圈（MDS－N）及电解可脱性弹簧圈（GDC）行动脉瘤囊内栓塞治疗。结果 32例中成功栓塞30例,1例椎基动脉瘤术后并发脑血管弃挛死亡,另1例栓塞过程中发生动脉瘤破裂死亡。结论 血管内栓塞治疗脑动脉瘤是一种比较安全、可靠、有效的治疗手段。机械及电解可脱性弹簧圈是目前较理想的动脉瘤栓塞材料。     

血管内栓塞治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤

目的讨论以可脱性弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的疗效及技术要点。方法对68例颅内动脉瘤患者分别采用水解脱和电解可脱性弹簧圈进行动脉瘤囊内栓塞。结果71个动脉瘤中完全闭塞52个，闭塞95％以上12个，闭塞90％以上7个，术中动脉瘤破裂2例，脑血管痉挛5例，死亡2例。42例随访3～30个月无复发。结论对破裂颅内动脉瘤采用可脱性弹簧圈进行血管内栓塞疗效可靠；是一种较为理想的治疗方法，早期栓塞及有效的术后处理是提高治愈率的重要方法。     

可脱性弹簧圈血管内栓塞颅内动脉瘤(附126例分析)

目的　探讨可脱性弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的效果及技术要点。方法　对 1 2 6例颅内动脉瘤应用微导管技术 ,在数字减影血管造影 (DSA)监视下行血管内栓塞治疗 ,其中 85例 90个动脉瘤用机械式可脱性弹簧圈 (MDS)栓塞 ,41例 42个动脉瘤用电解式可脱性弹簧圈 (GDC)栓塞。结果　成功栓塞 1 2 6例 1 3 2个动脉瘤 ,1 2 3例痊愈 ,3例死亡。1 0 0 %栓塞 1 2 4个 ,95%栓塞 6个 ,90 %栓塞 2个。并发动脉瘤破裂 4例 ,并发脑梗死 2例 ,其中 1例痊愈 ,1例死亡 ;1例微弹簧末端逸出并顽固性脑血管痉挛致死亡。 2例复发者再予GDC栓塞而治愈。结论　血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤是一种比较安全、可靠、有效的治疗手段 ,但动脉硬化明显 ,导管到位困难者及术前呼吸、循环功能衰竭者不宜行血管内治疗。动脉瘤较大者 ,术后复发率高 ;术前反复蛛网膜下腔出血者 ,术中动脉瘤破裂的可能性较大。     

Timing of aneurysm surgery

Summary In a retrospective study covering a period of 8 years and 403 surgically treated patients the results of microsurgical aneurysm treatment were compared between two groups. One group received surgical treatment within 72 h and the second were treated surgically after this time interval. The data indicated that patients receiving delayed surgery had a better outcome at 6 months as compared to patients receiving immediate surgical intervention. The location of the aneurysm and the preoperative neurological status imparted the most significant impact on the subsequent outcome and on the incidence of rebleeding. High risk patients with poor neurological status on admission seemed to have a considerable chance of gaining satisfactory functional recovery, especially with a more delayed surgical approach. Despite its superior results delayed surgery was burdened with a rebleeding rate and an incidence of ischemic deficits due to cerebral vasospasm twice as high as in patients receiving early surgery. The implications of these results on surgical timing are discussed and it is concluded that despite the fact that late surgery yields better results than early surgery, the considerable reduction of recurrent hemorrhage and additional possibility of aggressive treatment of incipient vasospasm makes early surgery a promising alternative for the treatment of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.     

Genetics of intracranial aneurysm

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) secondary to ruptured saccular intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a complex trait, with both genetic and environmental risk factors playing an important part. The 30-day mortality rate of patients with SAH is 40% to 44%, with many survivors suffering from major disability. Because most of the mortality after SAH is caused by rapid and massive brain injury from the initial bleeding, primary prevention of aneurysm formation and rupture is of paramount importance. This article reviews the evidence supporting a genetic predisposition to SAH from saccular IA, the conditioins commonly associated with saccular IA, and the search for genetic risk factors.     

Dissecting intracranial aneurysm

Summary A case of spontaneous dissecting aneurysm of the right internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries is presented in a 13-year-old boy. The pathogenetic factors incriminated in previously reported cases are reviewed and the pathological findings are discussed. The abnormalities of the internal elastic lamina as seen in this patient have been observed in numerous cases of intracranial dissecting aneurysms. It is concluded that these defects play an important role in the development of dissection.     

颅内动脉瘤夹闭术中动脉瘤破裂的危险因素分析

目的 探讨颅内动脉瘤病人夹闭术中动脉瘤破裂的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2009年7月至2018年7月夹闭术治疗的296例颅内动脉瘤的临床资料。采用多因素logistic回归分析检验术中动脉瘤破裂的影响因素。结果 296例中,夹闭术中发生动脉瘤破裂59例,未破裂237例。多因素logistic 回归分析,年龄≥60岁、Hunt-Hess分级Ⅲ~Ⅴ级、发病至手术时间>3 d、手术器械不佳及手术操作不细致、动脉瘤瘤体血管弹性差及瘤体粘连是术中动脉瘤破裂的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 高龄、Hunt-Hess分级高、发病至手术时间长、分离动脉瘤颈操作不细致、动脉瘤瘤体粘连为颅内动脉瘤病人夹闭术中动脉瘤破裂的主要危险因素     

Iatrogenic false aneurysm caused by surgery of a traumatic intracranial false aneurysm

A superficial temporal artery (STA) false aneurysm caused by surgery of a traumatic intracranial false aneurysm is reported. A 28-year-old man underwent craniotomy for aneurysm clipping 20 days after traumatic head injury. At surgery the aneurysm was a false aneurysm due to its avulsion from the parent artery without a real neck. A "clip wrapping" technique was used to repair the deficit on the parent artery. On postoperative Day 25, repeat digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) revealed a new right STA aneurysm, which was not apparent in the preoperative DSA. We feel that this aneurysm might have probably resulted from the iatrogenic injury to the STA during the initial surgery as the location of aneurysm was at the initial craniotomy site. The pathophysiology, etiology, surgical treatment and preventive measures of false aneurysms have been discussed.