何谓超广谱P·内酿胺酶?

答:超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs),它是由质粒介导,可水解青霉素类、头孢菌素类(主要为第三代头孢菌素,如头孢他啶、头孢噻肟等)和单环β-内酰胺类(氨曲南)抗生素的一类酶。通常不水解头孢霉素类(头孢西丁、头孢美唑等)和碳青霉烯类(亚胺培南、美罗培南等)。其活性可以被克拉维酸、舒巴坦、他唑巴坦等β-内酰胺酶抑制剂所抑制。肺炎克雷伯菌、产酸克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、奇异变形杆     

小儿急性呼吸道感染细菌分布及耐药状况

目的：研究大连市儿童医院小儿急性呼吸道感染细菌分布及耐药状况。方法：选择2006年1月至2007年2月医院门诊及病房新住院的急性呼吸道感染患儿930例,急性上呼吸道感染（AURI）364例,急性下呼吸道感染（ALRI）566例。AURI组患儿未用抗菌药物或只口服过1~2次抗菌药物,均采集咽拭子;ALRI患儿均静脉用抗菌药物>3 d,采集痰液及支气管肺泡灌洗液。采用ATB系统（Bio-Merieux,法国）进行菌种鉴定,采用纸片扩散法（Kirby-Bauer）对分离菌株进行药敏试验。结果：930份呼吸道分泌物分离菌株404株（43.4%）,流感嗜血杆菌、副流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎链球菌分别占分离菌株的22.5%,12.1%,7.4%。AURI分离菌株中流感嗜血杆菌、副流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎链球菌分别占43.9%,22.0%,9.1%,大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌、非发酵菌属各占4.5%,8.3%,3.0%。ALRI分离菌株中,上述菌株分别占12.1%,7.4%,6.6%及16.9%,13.2%,21.8%。流感及副流感嗜血杆菌对氨苄青霉素、复方新诺明耐药率分别为29.3%,32.9%,对羟氨苄/克拉维酸及头孢噻吩、头孢克洛、头孢呋辛等耐药率为10.0%~12.1%,对头孢噻肟耐药率为5.7%。AURI组与ALRI组流感及副流感嗜血杆菌对氨苄青霉素（P<0.01）、羟氨苄/克拉维酸（P<0.05）、头孢克洛（P<0.05）、四环素（P<0.05）、复方新诺明（P<0.01）等耐药率比较差异有显著性,ALRI组耐药率高于AURI组。结论：监测期间大连市小儿急性呼吸道细菌感染主要流行菌株是流感及副流感嗜血杆菌,其对氨苄青霉素有较高的耐药性。ALRI与AURI细菌的分布不同,ALRI革兰阴性杆菌所占比例较高,其中流感及副流感嗜血杆菌对常用抗菌药物氨苄青霉素、羟氨苄/克拉维酸、头孢克洛的耐药率相对较高。     

新生儿败血症90例临床回顾

目的探讨近１０年新生儿败血症病原学的变化特点。方法比较８０年代组与９０年代组新生儿败血症的临床表现、血培养结果、药敏结果的异同点。结果８０年代组以院外感染为主（占８０７７％）,９０年代组院内感染增加达５０００％;皮肤、脐部及呼吸道感染始终是主要的感染途径。体温异常、喂养困难、精神差及黄疸、脐部炎症是两组均常见的临床表现。表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌是主要的致病菌,９０年代耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌感染率明显上升。青霉素、红霉素及氨苄青霉素敏感率较低;含β内酰胺酶抑制剂的抗生素（优力欣,头孢二、三代）敏感性较高。结论防治医院内获得性感染,是减少新生儿败血症发生的主要措施;随着致病菌的变化,含β内酰胺酶抑制剂的抗生素敏感性较高。     

2004年肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌和卡他莫拉菌耐药监测

目的监测2004年呼吸道常见致病菌肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌和卡他莫拉菌对抗生素的耐药性。方法抗生素药敏试验采用E_test法和K_B法。结果肺炎链球菌对青霉素不敏感率为32.9%,对头孢克洛、头孢呋辛和头孢曲松分别为25.0%、26.4%和5.7%,对红霉素、阿齐霉素和克林霉素不敏感率>90%;流感嗜血杆菌和卡他莫拉菌对氨苄青霉素耐药率分别为14.3%和56.6%,但前者β_内酰胺酶阳性率为14.3%,而后者为90.8%,两者对其他β_内酰胺酶类耐药率较低。结论呼吸道致病菌对抗生素的耐药性正在增加,连续监测抗生素的耐药性对经验治疗呼吸道感染非常必要。     

儿童下呼吸道感染产超广谱β-内酰胺酶病原菌检测分析

目的了解儿童下呼吸道感染病原菌中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)病原菌感染情况及耐药特征,指导临床合理治疗。方法采集2006年1月-2007年12月本院呼吸科下呼吸道感染住院患儿鼻咽分泌物2696份,培养分离大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯杆菌,对2种细菌采用双纸片法及纸片扩散法(K-B法)检测ESBLs;采用K-B法行药敏试验,检测2种细菌对18种抗菌药物的耐药性,结果采用耐药、中介、敏感表示,并对药敏试验结果进行χ2检验。结果共检测135株菌株,其中大肠埃希菌73株,产ESBLs54株(74.0%);肺炎克雷伯杆菌62株,产ESBLs33株(53.2%)。1～6个月婴儿2种细菌的检出率较其他年龄组高,分别为50株和41株(Pa<0.05)。大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯杆菌产ESBLs株检出率在2a间及各年龄组间均无统计学差异(Pa>0.05)。2种细菌产ESBLs株对青霉素类、头孢菌素类、喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类及磺胺类抗生素的不敏感率均高于非产ESBLs株,且对大多数β-内酰胺酶类抗生素普遍耐药。无论产酶与否,2种细菌对阿米卡星、头孢西丁、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、亚胺培南仍有较高的敏感性。结论产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯杆菌检出率极高,且对多种抗生素耐药。应严格控制抗生素用药指征,重视产ESBLs菌的监测和药敏试验结果,合理选用抗生素。     

2003—2005年新生儿感染常见致病菌及耐药性的变迁

目的了解本地区新生儿2003至2005年感染常见致病菌的种类及耐药的现状,以指导临床合理应用抗生素。方法收集我院新生儿科2003年1月至2005年12月收治的613份体液培养阳性(痰液、血液、分泌物、胃液等标本)的患儿资料,对常见检出菌及其耐药性的变迁情况进行分析。结果共检出40种613株病原菌,以革兰阴性杆菌为主约占57·6%,而肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌分别位于前二位,其产ESBLs菌株检出率分别为78·1%和82·6%。药敏结果显示,常见致病菌对青霉素、第一、二代头胞类抗生素、红霉素类耐药性显著增加,但对第三代头胞类抗生素如头孢曲松、头孢噻肟(凯福隆)、头孢他啶(复达欣)及β内酰胺酶抑制剂复方制剂、碳青霉烯类、万古霉素等较敏感。产ESBLs菌仅对亚胺培南及β内酰胺酶抑制剂复方制剂敏感。结论革兰阴性杆菌特别是肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌是新生儿感染主要病原菌,产ESBLs菌比例增加应引起高度重视。碳青霉烯类、哌拉西林/三唑巴坦和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦,可作为新生儿严重医院感染经验用药,应尽量根据药敏试验调整抗生素。     

儿童呼吸道感染病原菌超广谱β-内酰胺酶的监测

目的 了解产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）株在儿童呼吸道感染中的发生率及与细菌耐药性的关系。方法 以双纸片法检测ESBLs,Kirby-Bauer（KB）法测定细菌对抗菌药物的耐药性。结果 2000～2003年肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌的ESBLs的总发生率分别为32．6％和28．6％,ESBLs的发生率在ICU病区中显著高于同期普通病区（P〈0．01）,普通病区与ICU病区在4年问产ESBLs株检出率差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。产ESBLs株对头孢菌素类β-内酰胺酶抗生素呈持续高度耐药状态,亚胺培南耐药株少见,复方制剂中以哌拉西林／他唑巴坦对ESBLs株的抑菌效果最好。结论 儿童呼吸道感染中ESBLs已相当高,应重视产ESBLs菌的监测和药敏试验结果,合理选用抗生素,以有效控制ESBLs的传播。ESBLs的发生率在ICU病区中显著高于同期普通病区,治疗ESBLs引起的感染以碳青霉烯类最佳。     

对β-内酰胺抗生素耐药的草绿色链球菌所致的心内膜炎的治疗问题

一例草绿色链球菌所致的亚急性细菌性心内膜炎患者对β-内酰胺抗生素治疗无效,尽管该菌对此药明显敏感。在这种病例中,抗生素的杀菌浓度(最小杀菌浓度MBC)与抑菌浓度(最小抑菌浓度MIC)之间的比率是10或大于10(试管内草绿色链球菌对药物敏感度的试验数值)。但由这种链球菌造成的治疗问题至今尚未提出。作者报告2例病例(另1例确诊为与第1例相同的耐药菌株感染)。病例报告:     

2003-2005年新生儿感染常见致病菌及耐药性的变迁

目的了解本地区新生儿2003至2005年感染常见致病菌的种类及耐药的现状，以指导临床合理应用抗生素。方法收集我院新生儿科2003年1月至2005年12月收治的613份体液培养阳性（痰液、血液、分泌物、胃液等标本）的患儿资料，对常见检出菌及其耐药性的变迁情况进行分析。结果共检出40种613株病原菌，以革兰阴性杆菌为主约占57．6％，而肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌分别位于前二位，其产ESBLs菌株检出率分别为78．1％和82．6％。药敏结果显示，常见致病菌对青霉素、第一、二代头胞类抗生素、红霉素类耐药性显著增加，但对第三代头胞类抗生素如头孢曲松、头孢噻肟（凯福隆）、头孢他啶（复达欣）及B内酰胺酶抑制剂复方制剂、碳青霉烯类、万古霉素等较敏感。产ESBLs菌仅对亚胺培南及B内酰胺酶抑制剂复方制剂敏感。结论革兰阴性杆菌特别是肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌是新生儿感染主要病原菌，产ESBLs菌比例增加应引起高度重视。碳青霉烯类、哌拉西林／三唑巴坦和头孢哌酮／舒巴坦，可作为新生儿严重医院感染经验用药，应尽量根据药敏试验调整抗生素。     

小儿呼吸道卡他布兰汉氏球菌感染

卡他布兰汉氏球菌是一种新近才被人们注视的呼吸道感染重要致病菌，其发病率日益增加。因该菌产生β－内酰胺酶使耐药菌株不断地增加，已引起医学界的重视。卡他布兰汉氏球菌感染可累及全身各系统，尤以呼吸道、眼、耳，鼻系统最为显著。小儿及先天性或后天性免疫缺陷者更具易感性。诊断主要依据痰涂片、革兰氏染色、痰定量培养及血清特异性抗体检测。治疗以第三代头孢菌素及抗生素与β－内酰胺酶抑制剂联合应用效果为好。     

A randomized controlled trial of azithromycin and amoxycillin/clavulanate in the management of subacute childhood rhinosinusitis

OBJECTIVE: Subacute childhood rhinosinusitis is a disorder commonly seen in children with allergic rhinitis. Antibiotics have been recommended as a major component of the treatment regime. The objective of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of a 3-day course of azithromycin and a 2-week course of amoxycillin/clavulanate in the treatment of subacute childhood rhinosinusitis. METHODOLOGY: A randomized single-blinded control study of subacute rhinosinusitis was conducted, comparing a 3-day course of azithromycin and a 2-week course of amoxycillin/clavulanate. Inclusion criteria were children aged between 5 and 16 years, duration of nasal blockage or discharge between 30 and 120 days, and abnormal sinus radiographs. All enrolled children were prescribed budesonide nasal spray (Rhinocort Aqua Nasal Spray, Astra Pharmaceuticals, Sodertalje, Sweden) as adjuvant treatment. RESULTS: Forty-two children were recruited into the study and one defaulted on follow-up. Failure occurred in 6 of 20 for the azithromycin group and 5 of 21 for the amoxycillin/clavulanate group. The odds ratio was 1.46 (95%CI 0.37-5. 80, P = 0.73). No relapse occurred in azithromycin group and 5 of 21 in amoxycillin/clavulanate group. The odds ratio was 0.16 (95%CI 0. 017-1.51, P = 0.18). Both antibiotics were well tolerated, however, two children, one from each group, complained of mild transient epigastric discomfort. CONCLUSIONS: This small study did not provide evidence of a difference between 14 days of amoxycillin/clavulanate and 3 days of azithromycin. Larger studies will be needed to determine which, if any, antibiotic regimen should be used in treating subacute childhood rhinosinusitis.     

Comparative trial of cefprozil vs. amoxicillin clavulanate potassium in the treatment of children with acute otitis media with effusion

A total of 137 children with acute otitis media with effusion were randomly allocated to treatment with cefprozil (30 mg/kg/day divided into two equal doses), an investigational cephalosporin or amoxicillin clavulanate potassium (40 mg/kg/day divided into three equal doses) for 10 days. The most common pathogens obtained from middle ear cavities by tympanocentesis were Streptococcus pneumoniae (33%), Haemophilus influenzae (19.6%) and Moraxella catarrhalis (8.3%). Patients were scheduled for follow-up visits at midtreatment, at end of therapy and at 30 days. Of the 137 children 122 were evaluable. Five of 60 patients (8.3%) treated with cefprozil and 14 of 62 patients (22.5%) treated with amoxicillin clavulanate potassium were considered therapeutic failures because of persistence of symptoms and/or isolation of the original pathogen or superinfection (P = 0.05). Rates of relapse, reinfection and persistent middle ear effusion as documented by tympanogram were comparable in both groups. When persistent middle ear effusion was analyzed by pneumatic otoscopy, 64 of 103 affected ears (62.1%) treated with cefprozil and 80 of 105 affected ears (76.1%) treated with amoxicillin clavulanate potassium were abnormal (P = 0.04). Loose stools were more common in children treated with amoxicillin clavulanate potassium than in children treated with cefprozil (P = 0.0004). Based on the efficacy results from this study, the lower gastrointestinal side effects and the convenience of twice-a-day dosing, we believe that cefprozil in a dosage of 30 mg/kg/day divided every 12 hours represents a potential alternative for the treatment of acute otitis media with effusion in children.     

Antibiotic resistance and antibiotic sensitivity based treatment in Helicobacter pylori infection: advantages and outcome.

AIMS: To compare two strategies for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. METHODS: Groups 1 and 2 each consisted of 75 consecutive patients. Patients in group 1 were treated with two antibiotics based on antibiotic susceptibility testing; those in group 2 received amoxycillin and clarithromycin for eight days, together with either ranitidine or omeprazole. Eradication rate was assessed in both groups six months after treatment. RESULTS: In group 1, H pylori grew in culture in 63/75 cases. Susceptibility testing showed that 35/63 isolates were resistant to metronidazole, 10/63 to clarithromycin, 2/63 to ampicillin, 1/63 to tetracycline, and 5/63 to both clarithromycin and metronidazole. In group 1 the infection was eradicated in 96% of the initial 75 subjects, and in 98% of the subjects treated according to the antibiotic assay (62/63). As two patients were lost at follow up the overall eradication rate was 99%. In group 2, eradication was achieved in 61/75 subjects (81%). This was significantly lower than the percentage of eradication observed in group 1 (81% versus 99%). CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic susceptibility tests are useful in childhood as a very high percentage of subjects are cured. This approach is costly, but selective antibiotic treatment contributes to limit further development of antibiotic resistance, and money is saved in terms of reinvestigation and further repeated treatments.     

Antibiotic concentrations in pus and bone of children with osteomyelitis

Pharmacologic data are presented on 39 children treated for osteomyelitis with one of the following antibiotics: methicillin, dicloxacillin, cephaloridine, or cefazolin. The concentrations of drug in pus and bone were correlated with serum concentrations, with the susceptibilities of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from the patients, and with the degree of drug protein-binding. The penetration of the antibiotics into pus and bone was similar for the two penicillins and for the two cephalosporins despite the disparate protein-binding affinities of these drugs. The agents attained concentrations in tissues that were at least several fold, and often more than tenfold, greater than the MIC and MBC values of the S. aureus stains. These data provide a basis for selection of antimicrobial agents for treatment of osteomyelitis.     

Children with cough: who needs antibiotic therapy,and who needs admission to hospital?

Pneumonia is one of the commonest causes of death in children in the world. However, lung aspiration studies have shown that most cases of severe pneumonia in children in developing countries are caused by bacteria, so mortality could be substantially reduced by antibiotic therapy. Although most children with penumonia present with cough, most children with cough do not have pneumonia, so it is important to develop clear guidelines about how to manage children who have a cough. Prospective studies suggest that, although most children with a cough do not need antibiotics, children less than 5 years old with cough and a respiratory rate over 50 breaths per minute should be treated as outpatients with either procaine penicillin intramuscularly, or ampicillin, amoxycillin or cotrimoxazole orally. Children with intercostal recession (chest indrawing) should be admitted to hospital for more intensive therapy with benzyl penicillin. Children who are cyanosed or too sick to feed have a very high mortality, and should be treated with chloramphenicol. Use of these guidelines would decrease the unnecessary use of antibiotics in children with mild respiratory infections, while reducing the very high mortality from pneumonia in young children.     

新生儿超广谱β-内酰胺酶细菌感染及防治效果分析

目的 为探讨超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)细菌感染耐药情况及防治措施。方法 将2000年4月-2003年4月三年间在我院新生儿病房收治的危重新生儿经细菌培养共59例分成两组,2000年4月-2001年10月为第一组共31例;2001年11月-2003年4月为第二组共28例。结果 第一组细菌培养阳性12例,ESBLs阳性6例;第二组阳性10例,ESBLs阳性仅1例,对未采取防治措施前后两组进行统计分析,P<0.01,差异有显著性。结论 表明加强新生儿病房的消毒隔离制度,对ESBLs感染患儿进行隔离,立即停用三代头孢菌素,根据药敏调整抗生素,对ESBLs感染采取有效防治措施后要可减少耐药菌的发生。     

Randomized, investigator-blinded, multicenter study of gatifloxacin versus amoxicillin/clavulanate treatment of recurrent and nonresponsive otitis media in children

BACKGROUND: Decreased susceptibility of pathogens to currently used agents for recurrent otitis media has provided the impetus for identifying new antimicrobial options. OBJECTIVE: To compare gatifloxacin with amoxicillin/clavulanate in children with recurrent or nonresponsive acute otitis media (AOM). METHODS: Included in this multicenter randomized trial were 413 patients, ranging in age from 6 months to 7 years, who had recurrent AOM (at least 3 episodes in the previous 6 months or 4 episodes in the previous 12 months) and/or had failed antibiotic therapy for AOM within 14 days of enrollment. Diagnosis required evidence of acute inflammation and otoscopic findings of middle ear effusion; baseline tympanocentesis was optional and encouraged. Children were randomly assigned (2:1) to 10 days of oral therapy with gatifloxacin suspension (10 mg/kg of body weight once daily) or amoxicillin/clavulanate suspension (45/6.4 mg/kg/d in 2 divided doses). RESULTS:: Clinical cure was obtained in 90.2% (222 of 246) of patients in the gatifloxacin group and 84.3% (102 of 121) of those in the amoxicillin/clavulanate group (95% confidence interval, -1.9-12.9) 3-10 days after treatment ended. Gatifloxacin was associated with higher clinical cure rates than was amoxicillin/clavulanate in children younger than 2 years of age (92.0% versus 80.0%, respectively). Cure rates by pretreatment pathogen in the gatifloxacin and amoxicillin/clavulanate groups were 92.1% (35 of 38) versus 88.9% (16 of 18) for Streptococcus pneumoniae infections and 88.2% (30 of 34) versus 92.3% (12 of 13) for Haemophilus influenzae infections, respectively. Sustained clinical cures 3-4 weeks after treatment ended were obtained in 74.4% (183 of 246) of patients treated with gatifloxacin and 72.7% (88 of 121) of those treated with amoxicillin/clavulanate. Adverse events considered drug-related occurred with similar frequency in the 2 groups. Six patients (2.2%) in the gatifloxacin group and 2 patients (1.5%) in the amoxicillin/clavulanate group developed transient symptoms of mild or moderate arthralgia. CONCLUSIONS: In this comparative evaluation of fluoroquinolone therapy in children with AOM, gatifloxacin was similar in clinical efficacy to amoxicillin/clavulanate 45/6.4 mg/kg/d for treatment of recurrent/nonresponsive infections.     

Intravenous cyclophosphamide is the drug of choice for steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome

BACKGROUND: Steroid dependency is a major problem seen after therapy for idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in childhood. Although there is consensus about the usage of cyclophosphamide (CYC) in frequent relapsers, there is still a controversy concerning its usage in steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS). METHODS: In the present study, nineteen children with SDNS were treated with CYC: ten via the intravenous (i.v.) route, and nine via the oral route. Remission was then maintained with prednisolone. Oral CYC therapy consisted of CYC at a dose of 2 mg/kg per day for 12 weeks. Intravenous (i.v.) CYC therapy consisted of CYC 500 mg/m2 per month (with intravenous 3500 cc/m2 per 24 h one-third saline hydration) for 6 months. RESULTS: The cumulative dose of CYC was 168 mg/kg in the oral group and 132 mg/kg in the IV group. Daily oral CYC dose was 1.96~0.31 mg/kg, whereas i.v. CYC dose was 0.73~0.03 mg/kg. Long-term complications and side-effects such as alopecia, infection and hemorrhagic cystitis were not observed in the i.v. CYC treated group. In the long term, the dosage of prednisolone that held remission after CYC, the annualized relapse rates and the subsequent relapse time were significantly better in the i.v. CYC group, and the number of patients in remission for 2 years was significantly higher in the i.v. treated group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In SDNS, i.v. CYC has a long lasting effect with lower annualized relapse rates and longer subsequent relapse time with a lower steroid dosage required to maintain remission than oral CYC. The results of the present study showed the safety of the i.v. route, and it is the preferable treatment in noncompliant patients for its long lasting remission and simple and inexpensive follow up.     

小剂量多巴胺联用酚妥拉明治疗原发性肾病综合征患儿水肿的临床研究

目的 探讨小剂量多巴胺联用等量酚妥拉明对原发性肾病综合征(PNS)患儿水肿的疗效及安全性.方法 采取回顾性对照研究的方法.在常规综合治疗的基础上,对155例PNS并发水肿患儿(联用治疗组)给予小剂量多巴胺联用等量酚妥拉明治疗,并与128例单用呋塞米患儿(呋塞米治疗组)对照.结果 联用治疗组治疗后尿量、尿钠均高于治疗前,差异有显著性(P＜0.01),而血钾、血钠及尿钾虽高于治疗前,但差异无显著性(P＞0.05).呋塞米治疗组治疗后尿量、尿钾、尿钠均高于治疗前,差异有显著性(P＜0.01),而血钾、血钠均低于治疗前,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).联用治疗组治疗后水肿减轻率、尿量、尿钠、血钾及血钠均高于呋塞米治疗组,差异有显著性(P＜0.01);而尿钾低于呋塞米治疗组,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).治疗后药物不良反应发生率方面,联用治疗组低于呋塞米治疗组,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).结论 小剂量多巴胺联用等量酚妥拉明治疗小儿PNS水肿安全、有效,适用于不同血容量状态的患儿,可替代呋塞米等利尿剂作为一线用药.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of low dose dopamine combined with phentolamine in the treatment of primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) with edema. Methods Retrospective control studies were performed in 155 patients of PNS with edema, who received comprehensive treatment with small dose dopamine combined with phentolamine (group A). Patients treated with furosemide infusion were recruited as control (group B). Results The urinary output, urinary sodium increased after therapy in group A, showing significant differences (P ＜ 0. 01). But urinary potassium excretion, serum sodium and potassium showed no significant difference after therapy in group A. The urinary output, urinary sodium and potassium excretion increased and the serum sodium and potassium decreased after therapy in group B, all showing significant differences between before and after treatment (P ＜0. 01). The edema relief rate,urinary output, urinary sodium excretion, serum sodium and potassium in group A was significantly higher whereas urinary potassium excretion were significantly lower than those of group B(P ＜0. 01). The rate of drug adverse reaction in group A was significantly lower than that of group B. Conclusion Low dose dopamine combined with phentolamine in PNS with edema is safe and effective,which may be a substitute of diuretic like furosemide in the treatment of edema of patients with different blood volume.