树突状细胞诱导抗人肝癌细胞系的肿瘤免疫

目的 以树突状细胞（ＤＣ）在体外诱导抗肝瘤免疫。方法 自肝癌患者外周血中分离ＤＣ;以粒／巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）及白介素－４（ＩＬ－４）联合刺激ＤＣ;以人肝癌细胞系ＨｅｐＧ２细胞和ＢＥＬ－７４０２细胞的肿瘤相关抗原（ＴＡＡ）激活ＤＣ;ＤＣ诱导自体Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖、分化为细胞毒素性Ｔ细胞（ＣＴＬ）;检测ＣＴＬ对ｅｐＧ２细胞,ＢＥＬ－７４０２细胞、ＳＧＣ－７９０１细胞、ＬＯＶＯ细胞及ＨＯＳ－     

低剂量环磷酰胺增强MHC I类限制性肿瘤抗原多肽冲击致敏 …

目的：研究低剂量环磷酰胺（Ｃｙ）联合ＭＨＣ Ｉ类限制性肿瘤抗原多肽Ｍｕｔｌ致敏、白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）基因修饰的树突状细胞（ＤＣｓ）对转移性肺癌小鼠的治疗作用及其免疫学机理。方法：制备小鼠骨髓来源的ＤＣｓ,用转移性Ｌｅｗｉｓ肺癌特异性多肽Ｍｕｔｌ预激经ＩＬ－２基因修饰的ＤＣｓ联合低剂量Ｃｙ治疗转移性肺癌小鼠。通过ＦＡＣＳ分析其脾细胞内Ｔ淋巴细胞比例的变化,＾５１Ｃｒ释放法检测ＣＴＬ和ＮＫ细胞杀伤     

可溶性胃癌抗原和抗CD_3单抗共同诱导杀瘤细胞的实验研究

用盐析法提取胃癌可溶性抗原（ＴＳＡ），并用抗ＣＤ３单抗和ＩＬ－２共同刺激正常人的外周血单核细胞，培养１０天后，经流式细胞仪表型分析，表明其免疫效应细胞以ＣＤ８Ｔ细胞为主，其细胞增殖速度、增殖水平与ＣＤ３ＡＫ和ＬＡＫ相比明显升高，且对其抗原来源的胃癌细胞具有极强的杀伤活性（９８．５％），高于ＣＤ３ＡＫ（８２．１％）和ＬＡＫ（６２．０％）。     

可溶性胃癌抗原和抗CD3单抗共同诱导杀瘤细胞的实验

用盐析法提取胃癌可溶性抗原（ＴＳＡ），并用抗ＣＤ３单抗和ＩＬ－２共同刺激正常人的外周血单核细胞，培养１０天后，经流式细胞仪表型分析，表明其免疫效应细胞以ＣＤ８Ｔ细胞为主，其细胞增殖速度、增殖水平与ＣＤ３ＡＫ和ＬＡＫ相比明显升高，且对其抗原来源的胃癌细胞具有极强的杀伤活性（９８．５％），高于ＣＤ３ＡＫ（８２．１％）和ＬＡＫ（６２．０％）。     

肺癌可溶性抗原联合超抗原诱导的DC疫苗对肺癌细胞杀伤作用的研究

背景与目的 通过经肺癌肿瘤可溶性抗原(TSA)和超抗原金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A(SEA)联合修饰致敏树突状细胞(DC)体外诱导对肺癌细胞杀伤作用的研究,为以DC为基础的肺癌免疫瘤苗的临床应用提供一定的实验依据.方法 3M KCI法提取人肺癌可溶性抗原;从人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中诱导扩增DC并鉴定;肺癌TSA和不同质量浓度的SEA联合修饰致敏DC;以联合抗原修饰后的DC、单纯肺癌抗原致敏的DC和未经抗原修饰的DC分别与同种异体T淋巴细胞共同孵育,MTT法测定混合淋巴细胞反应中DC的免疫刺激活性,诱导产生具有识别肺癌抗原的特异性CTL(作为效应细胞分别称为TSA-SEA-DCL、TSA-DCL、DCL);用流式细胞仪FCS及免疫染色法分析鉴定DC和效应细胞表型;M1T法检测各效应细胞对靶细胞体外杀伤效应.结果 诱导出表达CD1a,CD80,HLA-DR分子的DC;经肺癌TSA和SEA联合修饰致敏后,上述分子表达上调;联合修饰后的DC具有较强的免疫刺激活性,DC/T比例1:10可能为最适比例;TSA-SEA-DCL中CD3+CD8+细胞的比例大幅度增加;TSA-SEA-DCL对靶细胞GLC-82的杀伤率明显高于TSA-DCL及DCL,亦明显高于对肺癌CALU-6和人红白血病K562细胞的杀伤率.结论 经肺癌TsA和sE^联合修饰致敏的DC可诱导同种异体T淋巴细胞活化增殖产生CD8+表达增加的CTL;联合抗原诱导的DC疫苗对肺癌细胞有高效特异性的杀伤作用,肺癌TSA和超抗原SEA联合修饰的DC的活性明显强于单用肺癌TSA修饰.     

树突状细胞体外诱导高效而特异的抗肿瘤免疫

为研究肿瘤患者外周血树突状细胞（ＤＣ）能否在体外诱导高效而特异的抗肿瘤免疫反应，作者自骨肉瘤患者外周血中分离ＤＣ。以源于人骨肉瘤细胞系ＨＯＳ－８６０３肿瘤细胞的肿瘤相关抗原（ＴＡＡ）激活ＤＣ，以粒／巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）及白介素－４（ＩＬ－４）联合刺激ＤＣ，ＤＣ激活同源的Ｔ淋巴细胞，被激活的Ｔ淋巴细胞及其上清液杀伤ＨＯＳ－８６０３肿瘤细胞。发现以ＴＡＡ激活并经ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ及ＩＬ－４联合刺激的ＤＣ能够诱导同源Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖、分化为细胞毒性Ｔ细胞（ＣＴＬ），该ＣＴＬ及其上清液对ＨＯＳ－８６０３肿瘤细胞有高效而特异性的杀伤作用。结果表明，肿瘤患者外周血ＤＣ在体外能够诱导出高效而特异的抗肿瘤免疫反应，提示ＤＣ作为一新概念上的肿瘤疫苗将在肿瘤治疗及预防中发挥重要作用。     

树突状细胞诱导的抗肿瘤免疫预防肝癌转移

目的 探讨树突状细胞（ＤＣ）体外诱导的抗肿瘤免疫在肝癌患者体内的抗转移作用。方法 直癌患者外周血ＤＣ及Ｔ淋巴细胞,ＨｅｐＧ２细胞抗原激活ＤＣ,粒／巨噬细胞集落刺激因子和白细胞介素－４联合刺激ＤＣ,ＤＣ诱导自体Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖分化为细胞毒性Ｔ细胞（ＣＴＬ）,ＤＣ及其诱导的ＣＴＬ回输肝癌患者,检测肝癌患者外周血ＡＦＰ为ｍＲＮＡ。结果 ＡＦＰ ｍＲＮＡ阳性组经ＤＣ及其诱导的ＣＴＫ,治疗２月后,治疗组９例Ａ     

抗表皮生长因子受体与抗CD_3双功能抗体的制备及细胞毒的研究

制备抗ＥＧＦ┐Ｒ与抗ＣＤ３双功能单克隆抗体及其细胞毒的研究方法通过杂交－杂交瘤技术制备双功能单克隆抗体细胞株Ｅｔ２２，并了解其与ＩＬ┐２联合体外激活ＰＢＬｓ细胞对Ａ４３１癌细胞的杀伤活性。结果ＩＬ┐２激活的ＰＢＬｓ和未经ＩＬ┐２刺激培养的ＰＢＬｓ对靶细胞Ａ４３１的杀伤活性，效靶比为２０∶１的条件下，杀伤率分别为４９％，１７％。Ｅｔ２２双功能抗体介导ＩＬ┐２激活的效应细胞杀伤靶细胞（Ａ４３１）为７５％。结论双功能单克隆抗体（ＥＱ７５×ＯＫＴ３）介导ＩＬ┐２激活的效应细胞杀伤靶细胞（Ａ４３１）活性高于两种亲本单抗（ＣＤ３或ＥＱ７５     

超抗原活化Th1细胞介导的对肿瘤细胞杀伤效应的研究

目的：本文对超抗原葡萄球菌肠毒素Ｂ（ＳＥＢ）活化的Ｔｈ１细胞介导的对肿瘤细胞杀伤作用进行了研究。方法：人外周血淋巴细胞与ＳＥＢ共同培养,用流式细胞术测定增殖细胞亚群;用酶联双夹心法测定ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－４水平,用Ｋ５６２,ＨＬ－６０肿瘤细胞和自身淋巴细胞作为靶细胞测定效应细胞和细胞因子的杀伤活性。结果：ＳＥＢ共同培养６ｄ的淋巴细胞,ＣＤ４＾＋Ｔ细胞由３７．５％增加到４８．５％;ＣＤ１６＾＋淋巴细胞由     

树突状细胞诱导的细胞毒T淋巴细胞抑制移植瘤细胞增殖

目的　研究树突状细胞（ Ｄ Ｃ）体外诱导的细胞免疫能否抑制裸鼠移植瘤肿瘤细胞增殖。方法　联合应用粒／巨细胞集落刺激因子（ Ｇ Ｍ  Ｃ Ｓ Ｆ）及白介素４（ Ｉ Ｌ４）直接从肝癌患者外周血中培养出 Ｄ Ｃ;以源于人肝癌细胞系 Ｈｅｐ Ｇ２ 细胞的肿瘤抗原粗提物刺激 Ｄ Ｃ; Ｄ Ｃ 激活同源的 Ｔ 淋巴细胞产生细胞 毒性 Ｔ 淋 巴细胞 （ Ｃ Ｔ Ｌ）; 建立 人肝癌 细胞 系 Ｈｅｐ Ｇ２ 裸鼠移植瘤模型; Ｃ Ｔ Ｌ 治疗人肝癌细胞系 Ｈｅｐ Ｇ２ 裸鼠移植瘤;检测移植瘤标本肿瘤细胞 Ｐ Ｃ Ｎ Ａ 表达水平。结果　 Ｄ Ｃ诱导的 Ｃ Ｔ Ｌ抑制 Ｈｅｐ Ｇ２ 裸鼠移植瘤细胞增殖从而抑制移植瘤生长。结论　经肿瘤抗原激活的 Ｄ Ｃ 作为一新概念上的抗肿瘤疫苗有可能在肿瘤的治疗中发挥重要作用。     

非小细胞肺癌组织Ｓ１００、ＣＤ８３阳性树突状细胞的临床意义

目的　探讨非小细胞肺癌（ＮＳＣＬＣ）组织中Ｓ１００、ＣＤ８３阳性树突状细胞（ｄｅｎｄｒｉｔｉｃｃｅｌｌ,ＤＣ）的临床意义。方法　随机选择６０例ＮＳＣＬＣ病例,采用免疫组化ＥｎＶｉｓｉｏｎ二步法以Ｓ１００标志ＤＣ,以ＣＤ８３标志成熟的ＤＣ。对浸润性免疫细胞密度进行测定,方法为：选取癌组织内ＤＡＢ着色显著的区域作为计数区域,计数１０个高倍视野以其平均数作为该项指标的最后值,根据免疫细胞在癌组织或癌巢中的浸润程度将患者分为无或轻度浸润组和显著浸润组。结果　Ｓ１００＋ＤＣ广泛分布于癌组织及癌组织与正常组织交界处,６０例标本中有３８例在癌组织中检测到不同程度的Ｓ１００＋ＤＣ浸润,它们具有典型的树状突起。ＣＤ８３＋ＤＣ不具有典型的树状突起,多呈椭圆形,多分布于癌组织与正常组织交界处,癌组织中央仅可见零星分布,６０例标本中有２８例检测到不同程度的ＣＤ８３＋ＤＣ浸润。癌组织或癌巢中Ｓ１００＋ＤＣ浸润密度与患者的术后生存期有关,Ｓ１００＋ＤＣ显著浸润组有较高的生存率（Ｐ＜００５）,而癌组织ＣＤ８３＋ＤＣ与预后无关。结论　ＮＳＣＬＣ癌组织或癌巢中Ｓ１００＋ＤＣ浸润密度可作为肺癌患者术后一个有价值的预后因子,而ＣＤ８３＋ＤＣ不具有预后意义。     

Antitumor Activity of Lentivirus-mediated Interleukin -12 Gene Modified Dendritic Cells in Human Lung Cancer in Vitro

Objectives: Dendritic cell (DC)-based tumor immunotherapy needs an immunogenic tumor associatedantigen (TAA) and an effective approach for its presentation to lymphocytes. In this study we explored whethertransduction of DCs with lentiviruses (LVs) expressing the human interleukin-12 gene could stimulate antigenspecificcytotoxic T cells (CTLs) against human lung cancer cells in vitro. Methods: Peripheral blood monocytederivedDCs were transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding human IL-12 gene (LV-12). The anticipated targetof the human IL-12 gene was detected by RT-PCR. The concentration of IL-12 in the culture supernatant of DCswas measured by ELISA.Transduction efficiencies and CD83 phenotypes of DCs were assessed by flow cytometry.DCs were pulsed with tumor antigen of lung cancer cells (DC+Ag) and transduced with LV-12 (DC-LV-12+Ag).Stimulation of T lymphocyte proliferation by DCs and activation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) stimulatedby LV-12 transduced DCs pulsed with tumor antigen against A549 lung cancer cells were assessed with methylthiazolyltetrazolium (MTT). Results: A recombinant lentivirus expressing the IL-12 gene was successfullyconstructed. DC transduced with LV-12 produced higher levels of IL-12 and expressed higher levels of CD83than non-transduced. The DC modified by interleukin -12 gene and pulsed with tumor antigen demonstratedgood stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation, induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and antitumoreffects. Conclusions: Dendritic cells transduced with a lentivirus-mediated interleukin-12 gene have anenhanced ability to kill lung cancer cells through promoting T lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxicity.     

白介素12基因修饰的树突细胞疫苗治疗自发性转移性肺癌

背景与目的:对转移性肺癌的治疗已进行了大量研究,但仍缺乏有效的治疗方法。本研究目的是探讨白介素12(IL-12)基因修饰的树突细胞(DC)疫苗对自发性转移性肺癌的治疗作用。方法:小鼠足垫注射3LLLewis肺癌细胞,建立自发性转移性肺癌模型,经IL-12基因修饰、3LL特异抗原多肽Mut1体外致敏DC疫苗(DC-IL-12/Mut1)皮下免疫2次,观察荷瘤鼠肺重量、肺表面转移结节数量、存活期及相应免疫指标的变化,组间差异行t检验,生存期行时序检验。结果:与对照组(DC-LacZ/Mut1)相比,DC-IL-12/Mut1组肺重量轻、肺表面转移结节数量少、存活期长(P<0.01),细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)活性和NK活性增强(P<0.01)。结论:IL-12基因修饰的DC疫苗对自发性转移性肺癌有明显的治疗作用,其可能机理是诱导特异性CTL和增强NK活性。     

树突状细胞诱导的LAK细胞对肺癌的生长抑制作用

目的　研究肺癌细胞裂解物负载的树突状细胞 (DC)诱导的淋巴因子激活杀伤细胞 (LAK )对肺腺癌裸鼠移植瘤的生长抑制作用。方法　肺腺癌患者手术切除标本接种裸鼠皮下建立肺腺癌移植瘤模型 ,同时将手术切除标本用反复冻融的方法制备肿瘤细胞裂解物 ;同一患者外周血分离得到的单个核细胞中 ,贴壁的细胞加入DC生长因子 (DCGF)培养得DC ,未贴壁的细胞加入rhIL 2培养得LAK细胞。用肿瘤细胞裂解物负载自体DC ,诱导LAK细胞生成DC LAK细胞 ,注射荷瘤裸鼠腋下以观察DC LAK细胞对肺癌移植瘤的生长抑制作用。结果　用肺癌手术标本能成功建立裸鼠移植瘤模型。DC LAK组、LAK组、DC组和生理盐水对照组肿瘤瘤重平均值分别为 0 .47、1.0 5、1.3 0和 1.5 8g ,DC LAK组、LAK组和DC组肿瘤生长抑制率分别为 70 .3 %、3 3 .5 %和 17.9% ,DC LAK细胞具有抑制裸鼠肺癌移植瘤生长的作用而且强于LAK细胞 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　通过荷瘤裸鼠体内抗瘤实验证实了DC LAK细胞的抗肺癌作用明显高于LAK细胞 ,提示DC LAK细胞治疗是更为有效的抗肺癌生物治疗方法 ,为DC疫苗用于肺癌的临床治疗提供依据     

Modulation of the immune response by heterogeneous monocytes and dendritic cells in lung cancer

Different subpopulations of monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) may have a key impact on the modulation of the immune response in malignancy. In this review, we summarize the monocyte and DCs heterogeneity and their function in the context of modulating the immune response in cancer. Subgroups of monocytes may play opposing roles in cancer, depending on the tumour growth and progression as well as the type of cancer. Monocytes can have pro-tumour and anti-tumour functions and can also differentiate into monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs). MoDCs have a similar antigen presentation ability as classical DCs, including cross-priming, a process by which DCs activate CD8 T-cells by cross-presenting exogenous antigens. DCs play a critical role in generating anti-tumour CD8 T-cell immunity. DCs have plastic characteristics and show distinct phenotypes depending on their mature state and depending on the influence of the tumour microenvironment. MoDCs and other DC subsets have been attracting increased interest owing to their possible beneficial effects in cancer immunotherapy. This review also highlights key strategies deploying specific DC subpopulations in combination with other therapies to enhance the anti-tumour response and summarizes the latest ongoing and completed clinical trials using DCs in lung cancer.     

超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛和细胞因子在肺肿瘤患者中的表达

目的：探讨肺癌患者超氧化物歧化化酶（SOD）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF—α）和白细胞介素（IL-6））的变化及临床意义。方法：使用黄嘌呤氧化酶法、硫代巴比妥酸法和ELISA酶联免疫法测定了55例肺癌、33例肺部疾病及40例对照组血清中的SOD活性、MDA含量、TNF-α和IL-6水平。结果：肺癌患者SOD活性显著地低于对照组（P〈0．05）;MDA、TNF-α和IL-6则显著的高于对照组（P〈0．05）;随治疗后,患者血清中的SOD活性逐渐增强;MDA、TNF-α和IL-6则迅速下降,临床症状得以缓解,其变化与肺癌的治疗效果与病情相关。结论：血清中SOD活性、MDA含量、TNF—α和IL-6水平可能与肺癌的发生、发展有关,测定这些指标可作为临床病情观察和监测疗效的辅助手段。     

Immunotherapy of spontaneous metastatic lung cancer with tumor antigen-pulsed,interleukin-12 gene-modified dendritic cells

Interleukin-12 (IL-12), with the ability of inducing production of interferon-gamma and enhancing of NK activity and Th1 response, has potent antitumor role and has been used in treatment of tumors[1-7]. Dendritic cells (DC) are the uniquely potent APCs involved in the initiation of immune responses. As adjuvants for Ag delivery, DC pick up Ags in the periphery and carry them to T cells area in lymphoid organs to prime the immune responses. With the development of the methods for propaga…     

Immunosuppressive effects of soluble factors secreted by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma on dendritic cells and T lymphocytes

Recent observations suggest that the inability of the immune system to mount an effective immune response against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) could be a result of the immunosuppression mediated through soluble factors that are secreted by tumour cells. Therefore, we investigated the effects of conditioned medium obtained from cultures of HNSCC cell lines (HNSCC-CM) on the function of dendritic cells (DC) and T cell immune response. In our study, we could not observe any inhibitory effect of HNSCC-CM on the maturation and the cytokine secretion pattern of DC. On the contrary, HNSCC-CM from two of three cell lines consistently decreased the quantity of IFN-gamma- and IL-4-secreting T cells upon restimulation in vitro. In conclusion, our data suggest that soluble factors secreted by HNSCC cells directly inhibit the function of effector T cells, rather than impeding the process of antigen presentation.