折叠延长下斜方肌岛状皮瓣修复全喉切除术后巨大咽皮瘘8例报道

目的:探讨应用折叠延长下斜方肌岛状皮瓣修复全喉切除术后巨大咽皮瘘的临床效果。方法:8例（男7例,女1例;年龄46~65岁,平均年龄57.6岁）全喉切除术后巨大咽皮瘘患者,咽皮瘘直径2.0 cm×1.8 cm~4.5 cm×3.0 cm,采用折叠延长下斜方肌岛状皮瓣修复。皮岛宽5~9 cm,长10~23 cm,折叠修复咽皮瘘,恢复咽腔内衬里及外侧皮肤。结果:8例皮瓣全部成活,患者无继发咽皮瘘与咽狭窄,吞咽功能满意。结论:折叠延长下斜方肌岛状肌皮瓣可作为修复全喉切除术后巨大咽皮瘘的首选皮瓣,其操作简便,安全可靠。     

延长垂直下斜方肌岛状肌皮瓣修复重建大型头颈部缺损

颈横动脉供血的延长垂直下斜方肌岛状肌皮瓣(extended vertical lower trapezius island myocutaneous flap,eVLTIMF)用于修复重建大型头颈部缺损安全可靠。该瓣制备较简单,成活率高。供区较隐蔽,可直接关闭缝合,并发症少,肩部运动受影响较小;还可制备成折叠瓣,合并其他带蒂瓣或合并肩胛骨骨肌皮瓣修复特大洞穿性缺损或下颌骨缺损。eVLTIMF在头颈部大面积缺损修复,尤其是在晚期复发性头颈部肿瘤挽救手术后巨大缺损修复重建中起着重要作用。本文对斜方肌的临床应用解剖、 eVLTIMF瓣制备及其在颅颌面、口腔颌面和颌颈区缺损修复中的应用作一阐述。     

延长垂直下斜方肌岛状肌皮瓣修复颅颌面软组织缺损

目的：探讨延长垂直下斜方肌岛状肌皮瓣修复颅颌面巨大软组织缺损的临床效果。方法：对4例累及颅底的颌面部恶性肿瘤患者(男3例,女1例,年龄36～63岁,平均51岁)行颅面根治术,颅面软组织缺损用颈横动脉供血的延长垂直下斜方肌岛状肌皮瓣修复,皮瓣蒂长为32～34cm,皮岛长8～12cm,宽5～7cm。结果：除1例皮瓣远端小部分坏死外,其余皮瓣全部成活,供区皮肤直接拉拢缝合,无明显肩臂功能障碍。术后随访3～12个月(平均7．3个月),1例术后6个月肿瘤复发,1例术后12个月死于肺转移。结论：延长垂直下斜方肌肌皮瓣制作较简单,效果可靠,瓣足够大,可用于颅面根治术后大面积软组织缺损的修复。     

颌面部洞穿性缺损皮瓣转折修复的临床体会

我科自1993年4月-2005年9月,对13例口腔颌面部洞穿性缺损用组织瓣转折的方法进行一期整复。口腔颌面部洞穿性缺损,除2例小范围皮肤坏死外,其余均完全成活,效果满意。皮瓣转折法修复唇颊部全层缺损,对于覆盖创面,形成口腔前庭,防止唾液外溢,恢复外形及功能、效果肯定,是理想的治疗方法。现报告如下。     

延长下斜方肌皮瓣修复复发性口腔癌术后缺损

目的探讨复发性口腔癌手术后口腔颌面部软组织缺损修复的理想方法.方法对6例复发性口腔鳞状细胞癌患者（舌、口底和颊部各2例）手术治疗,缺损区同期用延长下斜方肌岛状肌皮瓣修复.结果全部皮瓣成活,供区创口一期愈合,无肩臂运动功能障碍.经追踪观察,最长存活30个月,最短13个月,平均生存期为22.6个月.结论延长下斜方肌岛状肌皮瓣制作较简单,设计和转移灵活且皮瓣足够大,可作为复发肿瘤手术后大范围软组织缺损的修复材料.     

下斜方肌肌皮瓣修复颌面部缺损的临床应用

目的:观察应用下斜方肌肌皮瓣修复颌面部组织缺损的临床效果.方法:在对斜方肌及其血供进行显微外科学研究的基础上,利用颈横动脉浅降支设计下斜方肌肌皮瓣用于颌面部组织缺损修复.结果:5例患者斜方肌肌皮瓣全部成活,颌面外形及功能恢复基本满意.结论:应用下斜方肌肌皮瓣是修复颌面部缺损的较好方法.     

4种带蒂皮瓣修复35例累及口角的颊部洞穿性缺损效果比较

目的:比较4种带蒂皮瓣修复累及口角的颊部洞穿性缺损的效果.方法:35例累及口角的颊部鳞状细胞癌患者行根治性切除术后,采用4种带蒂皮瓣进行修复重建,4种皮瓣分别为交叉唇瓣(A-EF)、折叠延长锁骨上岛状皮瓣(SFIF)、折叠胸大肌肌皮瓣(PMMF)和折叠延长下斜方肌岛状皮瓣(TIMF).比较4组患者修复重建后的效果,结果...     

下斜方肌皮瓣和肩胛背动脉皮瓣在头颈重建中的应用

Baek等于1980年首次将下斜方肌肌皮瓣（lower trapezius myocutaneous flap，LTMF）应用于头颈部重建，随后该组织瓣逐步得到了推广和应用，并成为头颈重建常用的带蒂组织瓣之一。传统的LTMF是以颈横动脉的浅支作为血管蒂，后来的研究证实了颈横动脉的深支（肩胛背动脉）在LTMF血供中的作用，并提出了术中将该动脉包含在LTMF内的意义。晚近又出现了单纯以肩胛背动脉为血管蒂的扩展斜方肌皮瓣（extended lower trapezius myocutaneous flap，ELTMF）或肩胛背动脉皮瓣（dorsal scapular artery flap，DSAF）。ELTMF优于传统LTMF的是其皮岛设计位于斜方肌的更远端，因而有更长的血管蒂，而且组织瓣制备时无需切断斜方肌的上部肌纤维，从而大大改善了患者术后的肩功能。本文对LTMF及DSAF作一简介。     

应用下蒂型斜方肌皮瓣修复放射性骨坏死致口腔面颈部软组织缺损

目的:采用下蒂型斜方肌肌皮瓣修复放射性骨坏死致口腔面颈部软组织缺损,评价其临床效果。方法:在对斜方肌及其血供进行显微外科解剖学研究的基础上,利用颈横动脉浅降支为蒂,设计下蒂型斜方肌皮瓣,皮瓣转移修复因放射性骨坏死致口腔、颌面及上颈部软组织缺损9例,共11侧。术后随访1～6个月,观察皮瓣生长情况和患者张口度的变化。结果:临床应用该肌皮瓣修复口腔、颌面及颈部组织缺损9例,其中2例采用双侧肌皮瓣转移修复,除1块皮瓣远端部分表皮坏死外,其余皮瓣均完全成活,且术后患者张口度最大者增加2.5cm。结论:下蒂型斜方肌皮瓣修复口腔、颌面及上颈部组织缺损的效果良好,成功率高,方法可靠,操作简单,是一种治疗颌骨放射性骨坏死的理想方法。     

颏下岛状皮瓣在颊癌缺损修复中的临床应用

目的探讨颏下岛状皮瓣在修复颊癌缺损中的应用。方法对7例颊癌术后的缺损的患者,同期行颏下岛状皮瓣修复。结果随访6～36个月,7例皮瓣均完全成活,未发生感染、坏死等并发症,无下颌缘支面瘫症状,皮瓣色泽红润,言语功能恢复良好。结论颏下岛状皮瓣血供恒定,制备简单,供区并发症少,成活率高,是修复颊癌术后组织缺损较理想的皮瓣。     

Reconstruction of through-and-through oral cavity defects with folded extended vertical lower trapezius island myocutaneous flap

Reconstruction of through-and-through defects of the head and neck is a challenge. In this clinical study we assessed the feasibility of the folded, extended, vertical, lower trapezius island myocutaneous flap (TIMF) for the reconstruction of 16 large through-and-through defects of the oral cavity, which were reconstructed after resection of oral cancer. The skin paddle was 5–7 cm wide and 11–20 cm long. The folded flap provides both inner and outer linings for through-and-through defects, and all the flaps survived. The appearance of the head and neck was acceptable, and oral function was satisfactory. The folded extended vertical lower TIMF is a large, simple, and reliable flap that is preferred for the reconstruction of large through-and-through defects after resection of oral carcinoma.     

晚期口腔癌术后颊部大范围洞穿性缺损的修复

目的:评价延长锁骨上岛状筋膜皮瓣联合延长垂直下斜方肌岛状肌皮瓣修复晚期口腔癌术后颊部大范围洞穿性缺损的可行性。方法:对我院2008年6月—2012年2月施行的17例延长锁骨上岛状筋膜皮瓣联合延长垂直下斜方肌岛状肌皮瓣修复晚期口腔癌切除后颊部黏膜和皮肤巨大洞穿性缺损病例进行回顾分析。结果:17例患者均伴晚期口腔癌切除后的颊部软硬组织巨大洞穿性缺损,修复口腔衬里的延长锁骨上岛状筋膜皮瓣大小为10 cm×8 cm～14 cm×10 cm,修复外部缺损的延长垂直下斜方肌岛状肌皮瓣大小为15 cm×8 cm～25 cm×10 cm。所有病例均无严重并发症,随访6～34个月,9例患者无瘤生存,2例带瘤生存,6例死于局部复发及远处转移。结论:应用延长锁骨上岛状筋膜皮瓣复合延长垂直下斜方肌岛状肌皮瓣修复晚期口腔癌术后颊部大范围洞穿性缺损是一种可靠的修复方法,对于再次手术,以及放疗后病例,在一定程度上优于游离皮瓣等其他修复方法。     

面动脉-颏下动脉岛状肌皮瓣修复颊黏膜缺损（附13例报告）

目的：评价面动脉-颏下动脉岛状肌皮瓣（FSF）修复颊癌术后颊黏膜缺损的临床效果。方法：13例颊黏膜鳞状细胞癌手术切除后颊黏膜组织缺损,用FSF修复。本组病例中,男8例,女5例;平均年龄58.5岁;T2N0M0期7例,T3N0M0期6例。皮瓣大小为4.0 cm×8.0 cm～5.0 cm×10.0 cm。结果：面动脉-颏下动脉岛状肌皮瓣修复颊黏膜缺损手术成功率92.3%（12/13）。全部病例经12～24个月复查,受区功能正常,供区外形良好,有1例颈部肿瘤复发。结论：FSF适用于修复中型颊黏膜缺损。     

横向颈阔肌肌皮瓣和面动脉-颏下动脉岛状肌皮瓣修复颊黏膜癌术后缺损

目的：评价横向颈阔肌肌皮瓣和面动脉-颏下动脉岛状肌皮瓣修复颊黏膜癌术后缺损的可靠性。方法：27例颊黏膜鳞状细胞癌手术切除后组织缺损，用颈阔肌肌皮瓣修复15例，面动脉-颏下动脉岛状肌皮瓣修复12例。男19例，女8例；年龄38～74岁，平均56．4岁；T1NOM0期6例，T2N0M0期19例，T3N0M0期2例。皮瓣大小为4．0cm×8．0cm。5．0cm×11．0cm。结果：颈阔肌肌皮瓣存活13例，3例小部分坏死，成功率为86．7％（13／15），面动脉-颏下动脉岛状肌皮瓣成功率为91．7％（11／12）。全部病例经6—24个月复查，受区功能正常，供区外形良好。局部复发1例，颈部复发2例。结论：颈阔肌肌皮瓣和面动脉-颏下动脉岛状肌皮瓣均适于颊黏膜中、小型缺损修复。面动脉-颏下动脉岛状肌皮瓣可能比颈阔肌肌皮瓣更为可靠。     

Use of a folded extended vertical lower trapezius island myocutaneous flap to repair large pharyngocutaneous fistulae developing after salvage total laryngectomy

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of surgery involving the use of folded trapezius flaps to repair large pharyngocutaneous fistulae (PCFs) developing after salvage total laryngectomy. Folded extended vertical lower trapezius island myocutaneous flaps (TIMFs) were created to repair large PCFs that developed after salvage total laryngectomy in eight patients. The maximum fistula dimension was 4.5 × 3.0 cm and the minimum was 2.0 × 1.8 cm. The skin paddle of the extended vertical TIMF ranged from 5 cm to 9 cm in width and 10 cm to 23 cm in length. The inner lining ranged from 3 cm × 3 cm to 6 cm × 6 cm in dimension and the outer lining from 6 cm × 5 cm to 16 cm × 9 cm. The folded flaps provided both inner mucosa and outer lining. All flaps survived. No fistula recurrence or stricture developed. After 6–24 months of follow-up, six patients showed no evidence of disease, one was alive with disease, and one had died of local recurrence at 20 months. The folded flap was very reliable and is well-suited for repairing large PCFs, even early large PCFs and those featuring carotid artery rupture.     

斜方肌骨肌皮瓣在修复半侧下颌骨切除及口腔软组织缺损中的应用

目的：评价斜方肌骨肌皮瓣修复口腔软组织和半侧下颌骨切除术后缺损的可靠性。方法：10例口腔、颌骨恶性肿瘤患者行半侧下颌骨和累及的软组织手术切除,术后缺损采用斜方肌骨肌皮瓣修复。男6例,女4例,年龄45～79岁,平均年龄61．2岁。T4N0M0期3例,T4N1M0期7例。皮瓣大小为（7cm×6cm）～（16cm×8cm）。结果：8例患者皮瓣全部成活。2例患者皮瓣边缘略有坏死。随访观察7～24个月,7例患者生存良好,无复发;1例患者死于肝、肺转移;2例患者术后复发,行二次手术,目前尚存活。结论：斜方肌骨肌皮瓣是一种修复口腔软组织和下颌骨半侧切除遗留的巨大缺损可靠的方法。     

Extended vertical lower trapezius island myocutaneous flap for reconstruction of cranio-maxillofacial defects

This study explored an effective method for repairing cranio-maxillofacial soft-tissue defects following radical craniofacial surgery in four patients with malignant tumours involving the skull base and frontal region. The large cranio-maxillofacial soft-tissue defects were reconstructed using an extended vertical lower trapezius island myocutaneous flap based on the transverse cervical artery. The flap was 8-12 cm long and 5-7 cm wide. No major flap failure occurred, and there was no shoulder dysfunction. The patients were followed for 3-12 months. One patient suffered a local recurrence, and another died of lung metastasis 12 months postoperatively. The extended vertical lower trapezius island myocutaneous flap is a simple, reliable and large flap. It is preferred for reconstructing cranio-maxillofacial soft-tissue defects when a pedicled flap is used following craniofacial surgery for cancer.