RNA干扰沉默DcR3对人胰腺癌细胞化疗药物敏感性影响的实验研究

背景与目的：大部分胰腺癌具有高表达诱骗受体-3(decoy receptor 3,DcR3)的特征,而后者与FasL凋亡途径相关,可能导致胰腺癌对化疗耐药。该研究旨在探讨RNA干扰沉默DcR3基因对人胰腺癌细胞化疗药物敏感性的影响及其可能机制。方法：构建带有DcR3-siRNA序列的稳定表达质粒,通过Lipofectamine^TM2000转染至人胰腺癌细胞AsPC-1细胞株,筛选出转染后稳定低表达DcR3的胰腺癌细胞,同时设未转染对照组(control组)和转染阴性质粒对照组(mock组)。应用ELISA和蛋白［质］印迹法(Western blot)检测各组AsPC-1细胞中DcR3的蛋白表达;MTT实验检测各组AsPC-1细胞对吉西他滨的敏感性;流式细胞术检测各组AsPC-1细胞凋亡情况;Western blot和实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RTFQ-PCR)检测各组AsPC-1细胞中FasL、Caspase-8、Caspase-3蛋白和mRNA的表达。结果：转染DcR3-siRNA后AsPC-1细胞中DcR3蛋白较其他对照组明显降低;转染DcR3-siRNA后AsPC-1细胞对吉西他滨的敏感性显著增加;沉默DcR3基因可以上调FasL、Caspase-8和Caspase-3的表达并促进吉西他滨诱导的细胞凋亡。结论：RNA干扰沉默DcR3基因可激活FasL/Caspase凋亡途径,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡,增加人胰腺癌AsPC-1细胞对化疗药物的敏感性。     

靶向抑制TROP2基因表达对胰腺癌细胞生物学特性的影响研究

目的 探讨抑制胰腺癌组织中肿瘤相关钙信号传导因子2(TROP2)表达对胰腺癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及机制.方法 选取胰腺癌组织和相应的癌旁组织各46例.采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测并分析胰腺癌组织和癌旁组织中TROP2基因的mRNA表达情况;将人胰腺癌PANC-1细胞分为对照组、NC-siR-NA组和TROP2-siRNA组,培养48 h后,采用蛋白质印迹法检测并分析TROP2、cleaved caspase 3、NOTCH1和HES1蛋白表达情况;采用CCK8法和流式细胞仪分别检测并分析细胞的增殖和凋亡情况.结果 在胰腺癌组织中TROP2基因的mRNA表达明显高于癌旁组织,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).对照组、NC-siRNA组和TROP2-siRNA组中,TROP2蛋白表达、细胞存活率、细胞凋亡率及cleaved caspase 3、NOTCH1、HES1蛋白表达比较,差异均有明显统计学意义(P﹤0.01);TROP2-siRNA组TROP2蛋白表达、细胞存活率及NOTCH1、HES1蛋白表达均明显低于对照组,细胞凋亡率和cleaved caspase 3蛋白表达均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01),而NC-siRNA组TROP2蛋白表达、细胞存活率、细胞凋亡率及cleaved caspase 3、NOTCH1、HES1蛋白表达与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).结论 抑制胰腺癌组织中TROP2基因表达,可以明显降低肿瘤细胞的增殖能力,促进细胞凋亡,其机制与阻断NOTCH1信号通路有关.     

RNA干扰靶向沉默诱骗受体3 3基因增加人胰腺癌细胞的放射敏感性

目的:探讨RNA干扰沉默诱骗受体3(decoy receptor 3,DcR3)基因对胰腺癌细胞放射敏感性的影响及其相关机制.方法:构建带有DcR3 siRNA序列的稳定表达质粒,通过脂质体转染至胰腺癌AsPC-1细胞株,设对照组、siRNA(-)阴性对照组和DcR3 siRNA组,应用Western blotting检测AsPC-1细胞中DcR3表达的变化,平板克隆形成实验检测转染DcR3 siRNA后AsPC-1细胞放射敏感性的变化,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,RT-PCR和Western blotting检测Caspase-8、Caspase-3和PARP-1表达的变化.结果:DcR3 siRNA组细胞中DcR3蛋白表达水平较对照或siRNA(-)组明显降低(均P＜0.01);DcR3 siRNA组的克隆形成率明显低于对照或siRNA(-)组,其存活分数(survival fraction,SF)降低、α/β比值升高(均P＜0.01);放射后DcR3 siRNA组肿瘤细胞凋亡率明显高于对照或siRNA(-)组(均P＜0.01);转染DcR3 siRNA后可以明显上调Caspase-8、Caspase-3的表达和下调PARP-1的表达.结论:RNA干扰沉默DcR3基因通过激活凋亡因子Caspase-8和Caspase-3促进细胞凋亡,从而增加胰腺癌细胞对放射的敏感性.     

RNA干扰沉默DcR3对人胰腺癌细胞裸鼠移植瘤放疗增敏的实验研究

摘 要：［目的］探讨RNA干扰沉默DcR3对人胰腺癌细胞裸鼠移植瘤放疗敏感性的影响及其可能机制。［方法］ 取对数生长期的AsPC-1细胞 1×107/ml,接种于6周龄裸鼠左后肢腹股沟,当皮下肿瘤直径为8mm左右时,随机分为4组(n=15)：PBS组、DcR3siRNA组、放疗组（RT）和DcR3siRNA+放疗组（DcR3siRNA+RT）,观察DcR3siRNA联合放疗对人胰腺癌AsPC-1细胞裸鼠移植瘤的治疗效果;应用ELISA和Western blot检测各组DcR3的蛋白表达变化;免疫组织化学和Western blot分析各组Caspase-8和Caspase-3蛋白表达的变化;TUNEL检测各组肿瘤细胞凋亡情况。［结果］ DcR3siRNA+RT组较其他各组更能抑制移植瘤的生长,DcR3-siRNA+RT对肿瘤的抑制率明显高于单纯RT组,与RT组相比,DcR3siRNA+RT组的抑瘤率为80.86%±4.17%;DcR3siRNA+RT组的DcR3蛋白量和蛋白相对表达均明显低于RT组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);DcR3siRNA+RT组的Caspase-8和Caspase-3蛋白表达均明显高于单独RT组;DcR3siRNA组、RT组以及DcR3-siRNA+RT组肿瘤组织内均可观察到凋亡细胞,而DcR3siRNA+RT组肿瘤细胞凋亡数目明显高于RT组或DcR3siRNA组。［结论］RNA干扰沉默DcR3基因可以增加人胰腺癌细胞裸鼠移植瘤对放疗的敏感性,该作用可能与沉默DcR3可激活Caspase-8/Caspase-3凋亡途径和促进肿瘤细胞凋亡有关。     

干扰β-catenin表达对淋巴瘤细胞增殖、凋亡及cleaved caspase 3蛋白表达水平的影响

目的探讨干扰β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)表达对淋巴瘤细胞增殖、凋亡及活化的含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶3(cleaved caspase 3)表达水平的影响。方法以淋巴瘤细胞Raji为研究对象,采用β-catenin小干扰RNA(siRNA)转染细胞作为β-catenin siRNA组,以阴性对照control siRNA转染细胞作为siRNA control组,以不转染的细胞作为对照组。分别采用实时逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测β-catenin mRNA和β-catenin蛋白表达水平,噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞增殖,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,Western blot检测cleaved caspase 3、c-myc、细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)的表达水平。结果 siRNA control组和对照组的β-catenin mRNA和β-catenin蛋白表达水平、细胞存活率、细胞凋亡率及cleaved caspase 3、c-myc、cyclin D1蛋白表达水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。β-catenin siRNA组的β-catenin mRNA和β-catenin蛋白表达水平、细胞存活率及c-myc、cyclin D1蛋白表达水平均低于对照组,细胞凋亡率和cleaved caspase 3蛋白表达水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论干扰β-catenin的表达可能通过影响cyclin D1、c-myc、cleaved caspase 3蛋白的表达,抑制淋巴瘤细胞增殖,促进淋巴瘤细胞凋亡。     

STAT3基因沉默对胰腺癌细胞放射敏感性的影响及其机制

目的:探讨信号转导和转录激活因子3（STAT3）基因沉默对人胰腺癌细胞AsPC-1和PANC-1放射敏感性的影响及其机制。方法:体外培养人胰腺癌细胞AsPC-1和PANC-1，通过脂质体转染STAT3 shRNA作为实验组（shSTAT3组），设置阴性对照（shNC组）和空白对照组（NC组）。采用qRT-PCR检测转染后各组AsPC-1和PANC-1细胞中STAT3 mRNA表达水平，Western blot检测细胞中STAT3蛋白表达水平。MTT实验检测各组细胞增殖能力，流式细胞仪检测各组细胞电子射线照射后的凋亡情况，qRT-PCR和Western blot分别检测各组细胞电子射线照射后的Bax、Bcl-2和Caspase-3 mRNA和蛋白的表达情况。结果:shSTAT3组AsPC-1和PANC-1细胞中STAT3 mRNA和蛋白表达水平比NC组和shNC组明显降低（P<0.05）。接受电子射线照射后，shSTAT3组AsPC-1和PANC-1细胞增殖率显著低于shNC组（P<0.05），其细胞凋亡率较shNC组明显升高（P<0.05）。接受电子射线照射后，转染STAT3 shRNA后能够明显上调细胞中Bax和Caspase-3的表达和下调Bcl-2的表达（P<0.05）。结论:沉默STAT3基因能够通过上调Bax和Caspase-3的表达和下调Bcl-2的表达促进细胞凋亡，增强胰腺癌细胞的放射敏感性。     

沉默survivin表达对甲状腺癌细胞凋亡的影响及其机制研究

目的探讨沉默survivin表达对甲状腺癌细胞凋亡的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法采用免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测存活蛋白(survivin)在甲状腺癌组织(n=98)、癌旁组织(n=98)及细胞SW579中的表达;将survivin siRNA和non-target siRNA转染SW579细胞,分别设为干扰组和阴性组,以不做任何处理的细胞作为对照组。转染48 h后,Western blot检测survivin、cleaved caspase 3和Bcl-2蛋白的表达,流式细胞仪检测细胞的凋亡率。结果甲状腺癌组织和细胞中survivin蛋白相对表达量均明显高于癌旁组织和正常甲状腺细胞,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。对照组与阴性组细胞中survivin相对表达量比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);干扰组细胞中survivin相对表达量明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。对照组与阴性组细胞凋亡率比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);干扰组细胞凋亡率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。干扰组细胞中cleaved caspase 3蛋白相对表达量明显高于对照组,Bcl-2蛋白相对表达量明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01);阴性组和对照组cleaved caspase 3和Bcl-2蛋白相对表达量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论 survivin在甲状腺癌组织和细胞中呈高表达,沉默其表达可诱导甲状腺癌细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与上调cleaved caspase 3和下调Bcl-2蛋白的表达有关。     

siRNA干扰S100A4对人胰腺癌细胞增殖和凋亡及其对吉西他滨敏感性影响的研究

目的 观察利用小干扰RNA（siRNA）手段下调人胰腺癌BxPC-3、AsPC-1细胞中S100A4表达后对细胞凋亡、增殖、吉西他滨化疗敏感性的影响。方法 设计合成针对S100A4特异的siRNA转染人胰腺癌BxPC-3、AsPC-1细胞,以RT_PCR检测转染前后S100A4蛋白表达变化;转染前后BxPC-3细胞生长曲线检测BxPC-3、AsPC-1细胞增殖能力;TUNEL法检测转染前后细胞凋亡变化;MTT检测不同浓度吉西他滨对胰腺癌细胞半数抑制浓度（IC50）。结果：RT_PCR结果显示BxPC-3、AsPC-1细胞转染SlOOA4siRNA48h后,S100A4mRNA表达明显下调;S100A4siRNA转染后BxPC～3、AsPC一1细胞增殖下降;TUNEL结果显示转染后凋亡明显增加;MTT结果显示,BxPC-3细胞对照组吉西他滨IC5。为（9．95士0．34）mmo[／L;阴性转染组吉西他滨IC50为（9．641±0．434）mmoI／L;干扰组吉西他滨IC。o为（1．182±0．175）gmol／L;AsPC一1细胞对照组吉西他滨IC50（64．15±3．41）mmol／L;阴性转染组吉西他滨IC50为（65．19±4．4）mmol／L;干扰组吉西他滨IC50为（1．962±0．113）mmol／L,P〈0．05。结论：S100A4沉默后抑制胰腺癌细胞增殖、促进凋亡并提高吉西他滨化疗敏感性,提示S100A4可能是治疗胰腺癌的有效靶点。     

STC1-siRNA对甲状腺乳头状癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及机制

目的探讨抑制甲状腺乳头状癌中斯钙素1(STC1)的表达对肿瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及作用机制。方法将NC-siRNA和STC1-siRNA转染至甲状腺乳头状癌K1细胞,分别作为阴性对照组和STC1-siRNA组,以未转染的细胞作为空白对照组。蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测各组细胞中STC1、B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(BAX)、蛋白激酶B(AKT)、磷酸化的AKT(p-AKT)的相对表达量,CCK8检测细胞的增殖活力,流式细胞仪检测细胞的凋亡率及活性氧簇(ROS)水平。结果阴性对照组和空白对照组中STC1蛋白的相对表达量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);STC1-siRNA组中STC1蛋白的相对表达量明显低于空白对照组(P<0.01)。转染24、48、72 h后,STC1-siRNA组细胞的光密度(OD)均明显低于空白对照组(P<0.01);转染48 h后,STC1-siRNA组细胞的凋亡率明显高于空白对照组(P<0.01)。STC1-siRNA组中ROS水平及BAX蛋白的相对表达量均明显高于空白对照组,Bcl-2、p-AKT蛋白的相对表达量均明显低于空白对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论抑制甲状腺乳头状癌中STC1基因的表达可降低肿瘤细胞的增殖活力,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与下调AKT信号通路有关。     

STC1基因对A549细胞放射敏感性影响

目的 探讨斯钙素-1(STC1)基因对人肺癌A549细胞增殖凋亡及放射敏感性影响。方法 将合成的STC1-siRNA及不具有干扰作用的siRNA (阴性对照组)经Lipofectamine^TM2000转染人肺癌A549细胞,并设置空白组,通过Western blotting检测转染48 h后各组细胞STC1的蛋白表达。用克隆形成实验检测A549细胞经STC1-siRNA和照射处理后的增殖情况,用CCK8法检测细胞经STC1-siRNA和STC1-siRNA+8 Gy处理后的活力,用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率。用Western blotting检测ki67、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、STAT3和磷酸化的信号转导与转录因子3(p-STAT3)的蛋白表达。结果 STC1-siRNA转染的A549细胞STC1的蛋白表达低于空白组(P<0.05)。与单纯照射组比较,转染STC1-siRNA后的增敏比明显升高。与空白组比较,STC1-siRNA组细胞活力及ki67和p-STAT3的蛋白表达均降低,细胞凋亡率和Bax蛋白表达均升高;与STC1-siRNA组比较,STC1-siRNA+8 Gy组细胞活力及ki67和p-STAT3蛋白表达均降低,细胞凋亡率和Bax蛋白表达均升高(P<0.05)。结论 抑制STC1基因表达可增强非小细胞肺癌的放射敏感性并下调STAT3信号通路。     

E-钙粘蛋白及PTEN基因编码蛋白与胃癌浸润转移

目的:观察抑癌基因PTEN蛋白和ECD在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法:以兔抗人PTEN多克隆抗体、鼠抗人ECD单克隆抗体,采用SABC免疫组化法,检测100例胃癌手术切除标本中拟测指标的表达。以χ2和Logrank检验对结果做统计学分析。结果:ECD、PTEN蛋白在非癌胃粘膜中均见表达;在胃癌组织中表达下调或缺失。ECD异常表达率为42.0%;弥漫型胃癌异常表达率(48.57%),明显高于肠型胃癌(26.67%),(P<0.05);ECD异常表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。胃癌组织中PTEN蛋白缺失率为59%;弥漫型胃癌缺失率(65.71%)明显高于肠型胃癌(43.33%),(P<0.05);伴淋巴结转移的胃癌缺失率(64.47%)明显高于无淋巴结转移者(41.67%),(P<0.05);PTEN蛋白缺失的患者比阳性表达者预后差(P=0.0066)。65.85%PTEN阳性表达者同时伴ECD正常表达。结论:两种标志物与胃癌浸润转移有关,PTEN表达与胃癌患者预后密切相关。将两种指标联合检测,可作为正确判断胃癌患者预后,指导临床治疗的分子生物学指标。     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

世界卫生组织骨质疏松症防治工作报告和防治建议

引 言 作为对第51号综合处理非传染性疾病预防与控制的世界卫生组织决议的反应,1998年7月WHO成立了致力于不断完善对骨质疏松预防和治疗策略的工作小组。小组成员来自世界各国致力于骨质疏松研究的知名专家。Harry K.Genant为本届主席。这一项世界范围内的骨质疏松教育计划旨在通过世界范围的研究,不断改善对骨质疏松的诊断水平和发展并完善对骨质疏松病人的合理治疗。其重点将以发展中国家为主。并为各国政府及其卫生部门和病人群体提供世界性有关骨质疏松症的总体的、完整的指导性资料。该项研究、教育计划的实施将由世界各国的骨质疏松症研究和治疗机构共同完成,并经权威学术机构、政府和非政府组织进行有针对性的回顾研究,最终由WHO审议通过。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia, myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives, and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P less than 0.05). Similarly, relatives of decreased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P less than 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P less than 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P less than 0.001). The opinions of patients were similar to those of their relatives. However, the relatives of leukemia patients were even more satisfied with the contact with the medical staff than the patients themselves (P less than 0.05). As many as 10-30% of the relatives never gave up hope for their relative's survival. Only two out of 27 deaths were considered not dignified. The lung carcinoma patients reported a less good quality of life (P less than 0.001), and less satisfaction with the information given (P less than 0.01), than the hematological patients from the same year. Similarly, their attitude to the medical care improved less (P less than 0.01), and they were less content with the general care than the leukemia group (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)