成纤维细胞生长因子受体1和血管内皮生长因子在肺鳞癌中的表达及与预后的关系

目的 观察成纤维细胞生长因子受体1(FGFR1)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在肺鳞癌中的表达,并分析其与预后的相关性.方法 收集肺鳞癌组织标本135例和癌旁组织标本125例.采用免疫组织化学染色法检测不同肺组织中FGFR1和VEGF的表达水平,分析两者表达与临床病理参数的关系.肺鳞癌患者预后的影响因素采用Cox多因素分析.结果 肺鳞癌组织标本中FGFR1和VEGF的阳性表达率和表达水平均高于癌旁组织(P﹤0.05);在肺鳞癌组织中,FGFR1阳性表达与肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移、远处器官转移及TNM分期有关(P﹤0.05),VEGF阳性表达与肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移及TNM分期有关(P﹤0.05);Cox多因素分析结果显示,肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期、FGFR1及VEGF均为肺鳞癌预后的独立因素(P﹤0.05).结论 肺鳞癌患者的FGFR1和VEGF表达水平升高,并在肿瘤分化、淋巴结转移、TNM分期及预后中发挥重要作用.     

Yes相关蛋白1在胃癌组织中的表达及与患者临床特征和预后的关系

目的 探讨Yes相关蛋白1(YAP1)在胃癌组织中的表达及与患者临床特征和预后的关系.方法 选取104例胃癌患者,均接受手术治疗,取胃癌组织和相应的癌旁组织,采用免疫组化法检测YAP1的表达情况,分析YAP1的表达与患者临床特征及预后的关系.YAP1与胃癌患者临床特征的相关性采用Spearman相关分析.结果 胃癌组织中YAP1蛋白的阳性表达率为68.27%,明显高于癌旁组织的13.46%(P﹤0.01).不同浸润深度、分化程度、TNM分期和淋巴结转移情况胃癌患者胃癌组织中YAP1蛋白阳性表达率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,浸润深度为T3～4、分化程度为低分化和未分化、有淋巴结转移、TNM分期为Ⅲ～Ⅳ期均是胃癌患者胃癌组织中YAP1蛋白表达的独立危险因素(P﹤0.05).Spearman相关分析结果显示,YAP1阳性表达与胃癌患者浸润深度、分化程度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期均呈正相关(P﹤0.05).随访6个月,104例胃癌患者病死9例,病死率为8.65%,其中YAP1阳性表达患者的病死率为9.86%,与YAP1阴性表达患者的6.06%比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).结论 胃癌组织中YAP1的阳性表达率高于癌旁组织,且其表达与胃癌患者TNM分期、分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移有关,可能成为临床治疗胃癌的新靶点.     

细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶12、聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶1在胃癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 探究细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶12(CDK12)、聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶1(PARP1)在胃癌组织中的表达及临床意义.方法 收集76例胃癌患者的胃癌组织标本及相应癌旁正常胃黏膜组织标本(距离肿瘤组织﹥5 cm).采用免疫组化法检测CDK12蛋白、PARP1蛋白在胃癌组织及癌旁正常胃黏膜组织中的表达.利用Ualcan和GEPIA数据库对胃癌组织及癌旁正常胃黏膜组织中CDK12、PARP1 mRNA表达差异进行比较,并分析胃癌组织中CDK12、PARP1 mRNA表达相关性;采用Cox回归分析对胃癌患者预后影响因素进行分析.结果 Ualcan和GEPIA数据库显示,胃癌组织中CDK12、PARP1 mRNA表达水平均明显高于癌旁正常胃黏膜组织(P﹤0.05).CDK12 mRNA和PARP1 mRNA表达呈正相关(P﹤0.05).胃癌组织中CDK12、PARP1阳性表达率均明显高于癌旁正常胃黏膜组织,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).不同TNM分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移情况的胃癌患者的胃癌组织中CDK12和PARP1蛋白表达情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).CDK12、PARP1蛋白阳性表达组胃癌患者5年生存率均明显低于阴性表达组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).CDK12蛋白阳性表达、PARP1蛋白阳性表达、TNM分期Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、分化程度低、淋巴结转移是影响胃癌患者预后的独立危险因素(P﹤0.01).结论 胃癌组织中CDK12、PARP1蛋白呈高表达,二者表达水平与TNM分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移有关,可能作为提示胃癌患者预后不良的潜在生物标志物.     

NGX6与IL-17F在大肠癌及大肠腺瘤中的表达及其与VEGF的相关性分析

目的 探讨NGX6与白细胞介素-17F(IL-17F)在大肠癌及大肠腺瘤中的表达及其与血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)的相关性.方法 选取67例大肠癌患者的大肠癌组织标本,82例大肠腺瘤患者的大肠腺瘤组织标本及35例健康体检者的左半结肠正常组织标本.采用免疫组化法检测3种组织中NGX6、IL-17F及VEGF的表达情况,并分析NGX6、IL-17F与VEGF表达的相关性.结果 大肠癌组织中,VEGF的阳性表达率高于大肠腺瘤组织和正常结肠组织(P﹤0.05),IL-17F、NGX6的阳性表达率均低于大肠腺瘤组织和正常结肠组织(P﹤0.05).大肠腺瘤组织中,VEGF的阳性表达率高于正常结肠组织(P﹤0.05),IL-17、NGX6的阳性表达率均低于正常结肠组织(P﹤0.05).NGX6的阳性表达与大肠癌患者的浸润深度、TNM分期和淋巴结转移情况有关(P﹤0.05);IL-17F的阳性表达与大肠癌患者的浸润深度、组织分化程度和淋巴结转移情况有关(P﹤0.05).大肠癌中,IL-17F、NGX6均与VEGF的表达呈负相关(r=-0.72、-0.63,P﹤0.05).结论 IL-17F、NGX6可以通过下调VEGF表达,抑制新生血管形成,从而抑制肿瘤的发生.     

PKD2与GOLPH3在胆囊癌组织中的表达及意义

目的:探讨蛋白激酶D2(PKD2)与高尔基磷酸化蛋白3(GOLPH3)在胆囊癌组织中的表达及意义。方法:应用免疫组织化学的方法测定并比较68例胆囊癌、20例正常胆囊组织PKD2、GOLPH3的表达,分析它们与胆囊癌患者临床病理特征及预后的关系。结果:胆囊癌组织PKD2、GOLPH3阳性表达率均明显高于正常胆囊组织（均P＜0.05）;PKD2在胆囊癌组织中的表达与患者肿瘤TNM分期、淋巴结转移有关(P＜0.05),而GOLPH3的表达与肿瘤TNM分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移有关(P＜0.05)。相关性分析显示胆囊癌中PKD2与GOLPH3表达呈正相关(r=0.500,P＜0.05);生存分析显示PKD2、GOLPH3表达阳性胆囊癌患者生存率明显低于各自阴性者（均P＜0.05）。结论:PKD2与GOLPH3可能在胆囊癌的发生、发展过程中起重要作用,且PKD2、GOLPH3的阳性表达为胆囊癌的不良预后因素。     

微小RNA-146a和血管内皮生长因子在幽门螺杆菌相关性胃癌组织中的表达情况及临床意义

目的探讨微小RNA(miRNA)-146a和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在幽门螺杆菌(Hp)相关性胃癌组织中的表达情况及临床意义。方法收集112例胃癌患者的胃癌组织和癌旁组织标本,所有患者均检测幽门螺杆菌L型(Hp-L)感染情况,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测两种组织中miRNA-146a和VEGF mRNA的表达情况,免疫组织化学染色法检测两种组织中VEGF蛋白的表达情况,分析miRNA-146a和VEGF蛋白表达与患者临床特征的关系。采用Pearson相关分析法分析miRNA-146a和VEGF mRNA表达的相关性,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析miRNA-146a对Hp相关性胃癌的诊断价值。结果112例胃癌患者中检测出Hp-L阳性101例。Hp-L阳性和阴性胃癌患者胃癌组织中miRNA-146a的相对表达量均低于相应的癌旁组织,VEGF mRNA的相对表达量均高于相应的癌旁组织,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。Hp-L阳性胃癌患者胃癌组织中miRNA-146a的相对表达量低于Hp-L阴性胃癌患者胃癌组织,VEGF mRNA的相对表达量高于Hp-L阴性胃癌患者胃癌组织,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。Hp相关性胃癌患者胃癌组织中VEGF蛋白的阳性表达率为89.11%,明显高于癌旁组织的24.75%(P﹤0.01)。TNM分期为Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移的Hp相关性胃癌患者胃癌组织中miRNA-146a的高表达率分别高于TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、有淋巴结转移的患者(P﹤0.05),TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、高+中分化的Hp相关性胃癌患者胃癌组织中VEGF蛋白的阳性表达率分别高于TNM分期为Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、低分化的患者(P﹤0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,Hp相关性胃癌患者胃癌组织中miRNA-146a与VEGF mRNA的表达呈负相关(P﹤0.01)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,miRNA-146a诊断Hp相关性胃癌的临界值为0.56,灵敏度为88.12%,特异度为92.08%,曲线下面积为0.949。结论Hp相关性胃癌患者胃癌组织中miRNA-146a低表达,VEGF高表达,且二者呈负相关,miRNA-146a可作为临床诊断Hp相关性胃癌的重要指标。     

p-MTOR在结肠癌中的表达及与患者病理学特征的关系

目的 探讨结肠癌组织中磷酸化雷帕霉素靶蛋白(p-MTOR)表达的变化及其对患者预后的影响.方法 选取结肠癌组织标本110例及其对应的癌旁组织110例,采用免疫组化染色法检测两组标本中的p-MTOR蛋白表达水平,分析p-MTOR蛋白表达与患者临床病理特征及远期预后的关系.结果 结肠癌组织中p-MTOR蛋白阳性表达率为54.55%,明显高于癌旁组织的10.00%,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01);不同TNM分期、浸润深度及是否有淋巴结转移患者结肠癌组织中p-MTOR蛋白阳性表达率比较,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01);结肠癌组织中p-MTOR蛋白阳性表达患者的3年生存率(28.33%)明显低于p-MTOR蛋白阴性表达患者(55.00%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.364,P=0.004);TNM分期增高、发生淋巴结转移、浸润肌层、p-MTOR蛋白阳性表达是结肠癌患者不良预后的独立危险因素(P﹤0.05).结论 结肠癌组织中p-MTOR蛋白的表达水平上调,并且与患者的TNM分期、淋巴结转移及浸润深度有关,是患者不良预后的独立危险因素.     

钙蛋白酶小亚基1与核因子κB在乳腺癌中的表达及与患者临床特征的关系

目的 探讨钙蛋白酶小亚基1(CAPN4)与核因子κB(NF-κB)在乳腺癌中的表达及与患者临床特征的关系.方法 取98例乳腺癌患者的乳腺癌组织和相应的癌旁组织,免疫组化法检测CAPN4、NF-κB蛋白的表达情况,分析其与乳腺癌患者临床特征的关系.采用Spearman法分析CAPN4和NF-κB蛋白表达的相关性.随访1年,比较不同CAPN4、NF-κB蛋白表达情况乳腺癌患者同侧乳腺癌复发率和术后肿瘤细胞转移率.结果 乳腺癌组织中CAPN4、NF-κB蛋白的高表达率均明显高于癌旁组织(P﹤0.01).TNM分期为Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、中低分化程度、雌激素受体表达阳性、有淋巴结转移乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中CAPN4、NF-κB蛋白高表达率均高于TNM分期为Ⅰ～Ⅱ期、高分化程度、雌激素受体表达阴性、无淋巴结转移的乳腺癌患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).Spearman相关分析结果显示,CAPN4蛋白的表达与NF-κB蛋白的表达呈正相关(P﹤0.05).术后随访1年,CAPN4高表达患者同侧乳腺癌复发率为17.31%,高于CAPN4低表达患者的4.35%(P﹤0.05),术后肿瘤细胞转移率为19.23%,高于CAPN4低表达患者的4.35%(P﹤0.05);NF-κB高表达患者同侧乳腺癌复发率为18.18%,高于NF-κB低表达患者的2.33%(P﹤0.05),术后肿瘤细胞转移率为18.18%,高于NF-κB低表达患者的4.65% (P﹤0.05).结论 CAPN4和NF-κB蛋白在乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中均呈高表达,与TNM分期、分化程度、雌激素受体表达情况和淋巴结转移情况密切相关,二者可能协同促进了乳腺癌的发生发展.     

胆囊癌组织中上皮细胞黏附分子和细胞周期素D1的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨上皮细胞黏附分子(Ep-CAM)和细胞周期素D1(cyclin D1)蛋白在胆囊癌组织中的表达及其与患者临床病理特征及预后之间的关系.方法 采用免疫组化法检测60例胆囊癌组织及15例痛旁组织中Ep-CAM和cyclin D1蛋白的表达情况,分析Ep-CAM和cyclin D1蛋白的表达与且H囊癌患者临床病理特征以及预后的关系.结果 Ep-CAM和eyelin D1蛋白在胆囊癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为56.7%和48.3%,均明显高于癌旁组织(均P＜0.05).Ep-CAM蛋白的表达与胆囊癌患者的性别、年龄、有无结石、肿瘤的病理类型、Nevin分期、分化程度、坏死情况、神经及血管侵犯情况均无关(均P＞0.05),而cyclin D1蛋白的表达仅与肿瘤组织的分化程度及坏死情况相关(均P＜0.05).生存分析显示,Ep-CAM蛋白阳性表达组患者的中位生存时间为7个月,明显短于阴性表达组(14个月,P=0.028).cyclin D1蛋白阳性表达组患者的中位生存时间为6个月,亦明显短于阴性表达组(14个月,P=0.006).Ep-CAM与cyelin D1蛋白的表达呈正相关(r=0.307,P=0.017).结论 Ep-CAM和cyclin D1蛋白的阳性表达为胆囊癌的不良预后因素.     

基质金属蛋白酶-2及基质金属蛋白酶-9的表达与胆囊癌转移、浸润的关系

目的 探讨胆囊癌组织中基质金属蛋白酶—2(MMP—2)及基质金属蛋白酶—9(MMP—9)的表达及其与胆囊癌浸润、转移的关系。方法 选取手术切除的胆囊癌标本42例及慢性胆囊炎标本15例，采用免疫组织化学的方法(SABC法)检测MMP—2及MMP—9蛋白的表达。并结合临床病理学指标进行统计学处理分析。结果 胆囊癌组织中MMP—2及MMP—9的阳性表达率显高于慢性胆囊炎。低分化及末分化组MMP—2的阳性率显性高于高分化组及中分化组。浆膜层浸润组、淋巴结转移组及肝脏转移组MMP—2的阳性率分别显性高于无浆膜层浸润组、无淋巴结转移组及无肝脏转移组。浆膜层浸润组及淋巴结转移组MMP—9的阳性率显高于无浆膜层浸润组及无淋巴结转移组。胆囊癌组织中MMP—2和MMP—9的表达有显的相关性。(P＜0．05)．二同时阳性表达组其浆膜层浸润、淋巴结和肝脏转移发生率显高于其中之一或均阴性组(P＜0．05)。结论 MMP—2的表达与胆囊癌的分化、浸润、淋巴结及肝脏转移密切相关。MMP—9的表达与胆囊癌浸润及淋巴结转移密切相关。MMP—2和MMP—9在胆囊癌组织中表达正相关，在胆囊癌的侵袭和转移过程中起协同作用。     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

Fruit and vegetables and cancer risk

The possibility that fruit and vegetables may help to reduce the risk of cancer has been studied for over 30 years, but no protective effects have been firmly established. For cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, epidemiological studies have generally observed that people with a relatively high intake of fruit and vegetables have a moderately reduced risk, but these observations must be interpreted cautiously because of potential confounding by smoking and alcohol. For lung cancer, recent large prospective analyses with detailed adjustment for smoking have not shown a convincing association between fruit and vegetable intake and reduced risk. For other common cancers, including colorectal, breast and prostate cancer, epidemiological studies suggest little or no association between total fruit and vegetable consumption and risk. It is still possible that there are benefits to be identified: there could be benefits in populations with low average intakes of fruit and vegetables, such that those eating moderate amounts have a lower cancer risk than those eating very low amounts, and there could also be effects of particular nutrients in certain fruits and vegetables, as fruit and vegetables have very varied composition. Nutritional principles indicate that healthy diets should include at least moderate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but the available data suggest that general increases in fruit and vegetable intake would not have much effect on cancer rates, at least in well-nourished populations. Current advice in relation to diet and cancer should include the recommendation to consume adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but should put most emphasis on the well-established adverse effects of obesity and high alcohol intakes.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.