胰腺癌术中门静脉/肠系膜上静脉重建材料的研究进展

随着外科技术的发展和围术期管理水平的提升,以往认为无法手术的侵犯大血管的腹部肿瘤,在血管重建技术的加持下,使得手术切除肿瘤成为可能。联合血管切除手术的应用使肿瘤切除范围扩大,提高了肿瘤的R0切除率,延长了患者生存期。门静脉（portal vein,PV）/肠系膜上静脉（superior mesenteric vein,SMV）系统,对于包括胰腺癌在内的肝胆胰及十二指肠肿瘤的手术至关重要,是上述肿瘤常累及的主要血管结构。联合PV/SMV系统切除重建技术的安全应用,为这类患者带来了新的希望。PV系统两端均为毛细血管网,血流速度慢,血液黏稠易凝,重建失败将严重影响肝脏血供,甚至引起肝功能衰竭。血管重建材料是影响手术效果和预后的重要因素,目前在静脉修复中,自体静脉、自体其他组织、同种异体静脉与人工材料均可作为供选择的修复材料,选择合适的材料对手术至关重要。本综述阐述了PV/SMV修复重建材料的研究进展,并说明了各种材料的特点与临床应用。      

胰腺癌累及肠系膜上动脉外科手术切除的应用价值探讨

目的:探讨肠系膜上动脉局部切除在胰腺癌外科治疗中的应用,并评估其可行性.方法:回顾分析2例胰腺癌局部广泛侵润病例,行部分肠系膜上动脉、门静脉和肠系膜上静脉联合切除并重建的手术方法及术后恢复情况,评价其临床效果.结果:2例胰腺癌患者手术过程顺利,病例1SMA部分切除,消化道重建采用child吻合法.病例2行全胰切除,将受侵的SMV、PV、SMA联同胰体癌、全胰、十二指肠、部分空肠及相应区域和腹膜后脂肪组织及淋巴结整块切除,应用脾动脉与肠系膜上动脉端端吻合.肠系膜上动脉分别阻断45min和67min,门静脉阻断31min和55min.术后行B超检查血管通畅,门静脉血流为1550mL/min和1620mL/min,术后6个月随访,显示血管重建(脾动脉和肠系膜上动脉)吻合通畅,l例无瘤生存3年2个月,另1例无瘤生存11月.结论:在胰腺癌肿瘤局部侵润肠系膜上静脉、门静脉和肠系膜上动脉时联合切除并行血管修复或脾动脉和肠系膜上动脉重建是一种有效的手术方法.     

累及肠系膜上静脉分支的联合血管重建胰十二指肠切除术1例并文献复习

患者,女,57岁,因"反复剑突下疼痛伴腰背部放射7月余,加重1月"入院,外院CT检查提示:"胰腺占位",2011年6月20日入住我院。发病以来体重下降约6.5kg。体查:体型消瘦,中上腹部轻压痛、无反跳痛,未扪及明显包块,肝肾区无叩痛,移动性浊音(-),肠鸣音正常。入院后完善相关检查,生化、血常规未见明显异常,消化肿瘤标记示:CA-12535.6U/ml,CA-199103.9U/ml。上腹平扫+增强CT以及血管成像和胰腺灌注成像显示:①胰头肿块     

联合血管切除重建技术应用于胰腺癌根治术中的价值

目的 探究联合血管切除重建技术应用于胰腺癌根治术中的价值.方法 根据手术方式不同将76例胰腺癌患者分为观察组、对照组,每组各38例.观察组采用联合血管切除重建技术,对照组采用常规手术治疗.比较2组患者手术指标、近期并发症、生活质量及临床疗效.结果 观察组的手术时间、术中出血量均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.0...     

左肾静脉在联合肠系膜上静脉切除重建胰十二指肠术中的应用

摘 要：［目的］ 评估左肾静脉作为血管重建移植物在联合肠系膜上静脉切除重建胰十二指肠术中的应用。［方法］ 回顾分析接受联合肠系膜上静脉切除重建的胰十二指肠切除术的7例病例,并使用左肾静脉作为血管重建移植物。 ［结果］ 截取的左肾静脉平均长度约（4.8±0.2）cm,手术时间为（290±20）min,失血量为（400±30）ml,肠系膜上静脉阻塞时间为（25±3）min,术后住院疗程为（17±2）d。术后均未发生肾功能不全,术前术后血清肌酐和尿素氮无统计学差异（P＜0.05）。术后增强CT及超声提示移植物无血栓形成以及狭窄。［结论］ 左肾静脉在联合肠系膜上静脉切除重建的胰十二指肠切除术中是一个方便的选择。     

胰十二指肠切除联合肠系膜上静脉／门静脉切除治疗胰头癌11例报告

目的 :提高胰头癌侵犯门静脉和 (或 )肠系膜上静脉 (PV/SMV)的根治性切除率。方法 :对包括受侵的 PV/SMV在内的扩大的胰头十二指肠切除术 11例进行回顾分析。结果 :11例中有8例行血管壁部分切除 ,3例行血管节段切除 ,全组患者均未发生血管栓塞、肠坏死、肝衰竭等并发症 ,近期随访无 1例死亡和复发。结论 :对单纯侵犯 PV/SMV的胰头癌施行包括 PV/SMV在内的胰头十二指肠扩大根治术是可行的     

经肠系膜上动脉行门静脉血管成像及CT灌注成像评价肝转移癌血供

背景与目的:肝转移癌的血供来源关系到血管介入治疗的给药途径和栓塞靶血管的选择.本研究探讨经肠系膜上动脉(superior mesenterica arterial,SMA)CT门静脉血管造影(CT arterial portography,CTAP)和多层螺旋CT灌注成像方法两种技术相结合评价肝转移癌的血供来源.方法:选取20例肝转移癌患者,采用经肠系膜上动脉间接门静脉血管造影(CTAP)及肝脏单纯门静脉灌注成像,观察血管走行与肿瘤的关系,通过时间密度曲线判断20例患者的33个转移灶肿瘤强化前后CT值变化特点,同时使用单血供灌注软件测量转移灶及瘤周正常肝组织的血流量(blood flow,BF)、血容量(blood volume,BV)、平均通过时间(mean transit time,MTT)、毛细血管表面通透性(capillary vessel permeability surface,PS),并进行统计学分析.结果:33个结节直径0.8～3.5 cm,所有病灶通过时间-密度曲线观察强化后CT值增量均不超过10 Hu.经SMA注射造影剂后肝内肿块内部无肿瘤血管.以门静脉作为单血供肝脏灌注扫描后得到肝内转移灶及瘤周正常肝组织各项灌注参数值,转移癌组织的BF、BV、MTT、PS的平均值分别为(17.15±11.38)ml·min-1·100 ml-1、(1.62±0.97)ml·100 g-1、(9.47±2.78)s、(3.97±3.44)ml·min-1·100 ml-1.33个转移癌的BF值均小于30 ml·min-1·100 ml-1.瘤周正常肝组织的BF、BV、MTT、PS的平均值分别为(133.43±67.17)ml·min-1·100 ml-1、(16.56±11.15)ml·100 g-1、(9.52±2.84)s、(35.16±14.03)ml·min-1·100 ml-1.其中BF、BV和PS两者之间差异有显著性(P值均＜0.001),MIT两者比较差异无显著性(P=0.96).结论:经肠系膜上动脉动脉插管门静脉造影CT灌注成像可以准确测量纯门静脉血流量.门静脉未参与肝转移癌的血液供应,肝转移癌主要由肝动脉供血.     

肝静脉剥脱术在原发性肝癌二期切除术中的应用价值

目的探讨在原发性肝癌二期切除手术前行肝静脉剥脱术(LVD)的效果和安全性。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年1月在新乡市中心医院肝脏外科行手术治疗的不宜一期手术切除的中晚期原发性肝癌患者56例, 其中在肝切除术前行门静脉栓塞术(PVE)30例(PVE组), 行PVE+LVD 26例(LVD组)。比较两组患者LVD或PVE前后剩余肝体积(FLR-V)、肝储备功能的动态变化以及两组患者的二期手术准备时间、二期手术切除率、R0切除率、手术并发症、术后复发率及生存率。结果 LVD组与PVE组患者穿刺栓塞成功率均为100%。栓塞治疗后, LVD组发生Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级并发症者分别有12、3和1例, PVE组分别有10、2和1例, 均未发生Ⅳ级并发症, 两组差异无统计学意义(P=0.808)。LVD组患者栓塞前、栓塞后7、14和21 d的FLR-V分别为(493.1±25.8)、(673.2±56.1)、(779.5±81.6)和(853.3±85.2)cm3, PVE组患者栓塞前、栓塞后7、14和21 d的FLR-V分别为(502.4±20.1)、(688.6±43.9)、(656.8±73.7...     

Histologic tumor involvement of superior mesenteric vein/portal vein predicts poor prognosis in patients with stage II pancreatic adenocarcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation

BACKGROUND:

Studies have shown that superior mesenteric vein (SMV)/portal vein (PV) resection with pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is safe and feasible for patient with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC). However, the prognostic significance of tumor involvement of the resected vein in patients who received neoadjuvant therapy is unclear.

METHODS:

The authors evaluated 225 consecutive patients with stage II PAC who received neoadjuvant therapy and PD with or without SMV/PV resection. The resected SMV/PV was entirely submitted for histologic assessment and reviewed in all cases. Tumor involvement of the SMV/PV was correlated with clinicopathologic features and survival.

RESULTS:

Among the 225 patients, SMV/PV resection was performed in 85 patients. Histologic tumor involvement of the resected SMV/PV was identified in 57 patients. Histologic tumor involvement of the SMV/PV was associated with larger tumor size, higher rates of positive margin, and local/distant recurrence. By multivariate analysis, tumor involvement of the SMV/PV was an independent predictor of both disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). However, addition of venous resection to PD itself had no impact on either DFS or OS compared with those with PD alone.

CONCLUSIONS:

Histologic tumor involvement of the SMV/PV is an independent predictor of both DFS and OS in patients with stage II PAC treated with neoadjuvant therapy and PD. Complete histologic evaluation of the resected SMV/PV is important for the prognosis in patients with PAC who received neoadjuvant therapy and PD. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.     

Augmented regional pancreatoduodenectomy ensures an excellent pain control for the case with pancreatic cancer invading the superior mesenteric artery and vein

A 49-year-old woman with a complaint of severe abdominal pain and lumbargo was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer invading the superior mesenteric artery and vein. Since the lesion was unresectable by general Whipple's procedure, she was treated with gemcitabine and opiate. However, these treatments resulted in failure due to the side effects such as bone marrow suppression, severe nausea, and constipation. After the bone marrow suppression disappeared, she received augmented regional pancreatoduodenectomy, which is a pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy with resection of the superior mesenteric artery and vein. Consequently, she could have a good QOL without opiates.     

经皮肝穿刺门静脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌门静脉癌栓

目的:探讨经皮肝穿刺门静脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌门静脉癌栓的临床价值。方法:不能手术的伴门静脉癌栓的原发性肝癌45例,随机分成两组,研究组20例以TACE PVE治疗,25例以单纯TACE治疗作为对照组,分别统计AFP的变化、门静脉癌栓缩小/消失的有效率以及1年生存率。结果:两组治疗前后AFP的变化:研究组(730±190)、(515±395)μg/L,对照组(752±183)、(710±213)μg/L,治疗后两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05);两组门静脉癌栓缩小/消失率13/20(65%)、8/25(32%)(P<0.05);1年生存率15/20(75%)、12/25(48%)(P<0.05);两组均未见与治疗相关的严重副作用发生。结论:经皮肝穿刺门静脉化疗栓塞是治疗原发性肝癌门静脉癌栓的有效方法。     

Pancreatoduodenectomy with portal vein resection for pancreatic body cancer in a patient with situs inversus totalis

BackgroundSitus inversus totalis (SIT) is a rare congenital condition characterized by complete transposition (right-to-left reversal) of the thoracic and abdominal organs. The estimated prevalence of SIT is 1 per 8000–25,000 live births [1]. Surgery for abdominal diseases in patients with SIT is technically demanding because of anatomical variations [[2], [3], [4]]; the importance of preoperative radiological assessment has been reported [4]. We report a case of SIT with complex vascular anomalies and pancreatic body cancer who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy with combined resection of the portal vein.MethodsA 79-year-old man with asymptomatic SIT was referred to our hospital for the treatment of pancreatic cancer that was incidentally found during a medical check-up. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a hypovascular tumor in the pancreatic body with a diameter of 32 mm involving the portal vein. He did not have SIT-associated diseases such as Kartagener syndrome or other malformations but had complex anomalies of vascular anatomy, especially in the hepatic arterial system, in addition to mirror-image transposition.ResultsThe operation was performed successfully with a full understanding of the vascular anatomy based on precise preoperative evaluation of CT images, including three-dimensional reconstruction images. The operative time was 710 min, and blood loss was 1237 mL. The Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) pathological stage was Stage III (T2, N2, M0).ConclusionPancreatoduodenectomy with portal vein resection for pancreatic cancer in patients with SIT is a complex procedure. Precise preoperative assessment of CT images with three-dimensional reconstruction is crucial to understanding vascular anatomy and safely performing surgery.     

原发性肝癌并门静脉癌栓的临床治疗进展

肝癌患者的治疗效果不佳,生存期不长。合并癌栓是进行肝癌临床分期、选择治疗方法、评估预后等方面的重要参考指标。原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的治疗方法众多,主要包括外科手术、介入治疗、放射治疗、分子靶向治疗及系统化疗等。目前多学科治疗（MDT）开展综合治疗是趋势,也是提高疗效的途径及发展方向。最近,国内首个肝癌门静脉癌栓多学科诊治达成中国专家共识,将为肝癌门静脉癌栓患者的诊断治疗提供指导性意见推动我国肝癌诊治水平的不断提高。     

术前选择性门静脉栓塞在大肠癌肝转移患者中的应用

大肠癌多发性肝转移灶切除后剩余肝脏组织太少,易导致术后肝功能不全或肝功能衰竭,限制了手术的应用。术前门静脉栓塞术（PVE）通过使栓塞侧肝叶萎缩,诱使对侧肝叶代偿性增生肥大,使原来不能耐受肝切除的患者能够安全地接受手术治疗。现综述术前选择性门静脉栓塞术在大肠癌肝转移应用中的病理生理学基础、临床适应证及疗效。