紫杉醇联合卡铂治疗晚期卵巢癌的临床疗效及对肿瘤标志物和不良反应的影响

目的 探讨紫杉醇联合卡铂治疗晚期卵巢癌的临床疗效及对肿瘤标志物和不良反应的影响。方法将176例晚期卵巢癌患者依据治疗方案的不同分为对照组（紫杉醇+顺铂治疗,n=87）和观察组（紫杉醇+卡铂治疗,n=89）。比较两组患者的临床疗效、肿瘤标志物[糖类抗原125(CA125)、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、人附睾蛋白4(HE4)]水平、不良反应发生情况及肿瘤远处转移情况。结果 观察组患者总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。治疗后,两组患者CA125、VEGF及HE4水平均下降,且观察组患者CA125、VEGF及HE4水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。观察组患者不良反应发生情况优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。两组患者远处转移率比较,差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）。结论 紫杉醇联合卡铂治疗晚期卵巢癌的临床疗效显著,可有效降低患者肿瘤标志物水平,减轻不良反应,安全性高。     

贝伐珠单抗联合卡铂+多西他赛治疗卵巢癌和宫颈癌的临床疗效

目的 探讨贝伐珠单抗联合卡铂+多西他赛治疗卵巢癌和宫颈癌的临床疗效。方法 根据治疗方式的不同将90例卵巢癌和宫颈癌患者分为对照组和观察组,每组45例,对照组患者给予卡铂+多西他赛治疗,观察组患者给予贝伐珠单抗联合卡铂+多西他赛治疗。比较两组患者临床疗效、血清肿瘤标志物[糖类抗原125(CA125)、肿瘤特异性生长因子(TSGF)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、人附睾蛋白4(HE4)]水平、免疫功能指标(CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺,计算CD4⁺/CD8⁺)及不良反应发生情况。结果 观察组患者的治疗总有效率为82.22%,明显高于对照组患者的51.11%,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。治疗后,两组患者血清CA125、TGF-β1、TSGF、HE4水平均低于本组治疗前,且观察组患者CA125、TGF-β1、TSGF、HE4水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。治疗后,两组患者CD3⁺、CD4⁺水平和CD4     

细胞减灭术联合腹腔热灌注化疗治疗晚期卵巢癌的疗效分析

目的 探讨细胞减灭术联合腹腔热灌注化疗(IPHC)治疗晚期卵巢癌的疗效.方法 将90例晚期卵巢癌患者按治疗方法不同分为IPHC组(48例)和常规组(42例),两组患者均予以细胞减灭术,常规组术后予以全身静脉化疗,IPHC组术后予以IPHC+全身静脉化疗.比较两组患者临床疗效、肿瘤血清学指标[白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、人附睾蛋白4(HE4)、糖类抗原125(CA125)]、免疫功能指标[T细胞亚群(CD3+、CD4+、CD8+)]及不良反应.结果 IPHC组患者总有效率高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).治疗后,两组患者IL-1β、HE4、CA125水平均下降(P﹤0.05),且IPHC组患者IL-1β、HE4、CA125水平均明显低于常规组(P﹤0.01).治疗后,两组患者CD3+、CD4+水平均上升,CD8+水平均下降(P﹤0.05),且IPHC组患者CD3+、CD4+水平均明显高于常规组,CD8+水平明显低于常规组(P﹤0.01).两组患者≥3级恶心呕吐、腹泻腹痛、骨髓抑制、肝肾功能不全发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).结论 细胞减灭术联合IPHC治疗晚期卵巢癌疗效肯定,显著改善肿瘤血清学指标水平,改善卵巢癌免疫抑制,且安全可靠.     

贝伐珠单抗联合紫杉醇+卡铂治疗晚期卵巢癌患者的疗效分析

目的 探讨贝伐珠单抗联合紫杉醇+卡铂治疗晚期卵巢癌患者的疗效。方法 根据治疗方案的不同将126例晚期卵巢癌患者分为化疗组和贝伐珠单抗组,每组63例。治疗前后,检测两组患者血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP2)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、CD4⁺、CD8⁺、CD3⁺水平,记录两组患者的不良反应及无进展生存期,比较两组患者的疗效。结果 治疗后,贝伐珠单抗组患者VEGF、MMP2、CEA、CA125、CD8⁺水平均明显低于化疗组,CD4⁺、CD3⁺水平均明显高于化疗组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。贝伐珠单抗组患者总有效率高于化疗组,无进展生存期长于化疗组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。两组患者不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论 贝伐珠单抗联合紫杉醇+卡铂化疗可抑制晚期卵巢癌转移及扩散,明显改善患者的免疫功能,延长无进展生存期,疗效确切。     

新辅助化疗联合中间性肿瘤细胞减灭术治疗晚期上皮性卵巢癌的疗效及对HE4、VEGF、CA125水平的影响

目的 探讨新辅助化疗联合中间性肿瘤细胞减灭术治疗晚期上皮性卵巢癌的疗效及其对血清人附睾蛋白4(HE4)、血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)、糖类抗原125(CA125)水平的影响.方法 回顾性分析68例晚期上皮性卵巢癌患者的病历资料,根据治疗方法不同将患者分为联合组与对照组,每组34例.联合组患者采用新辅助化疗联合中间性肿瘤细胞减灭术治疗,对照组患者仅接受卵巢肿瘤细胞减灭术治疗.观察并比较两组患者的近期疗效,手术相关指标,血清HE4、VEGF、CA125水平及预后情况.结果 联合组患者的治疗总有效率为79.4%,高于对照组的52.9%(P﹤0.05);联合组患者的手术时间明显短于对照组(P﹤0.01);联合组患者的术中失血量、腹腔积液量均明显低于对照组(P﹤0.01);治疗后,联合组患者的血清HE4、VEGF、CA125水平均明显低于对照组(P﹤0.01);治疗后,两组患者的1年、2年、3年生存率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).联合组和对照组患者的中位生存时间分别为32.0个月(95%CI:25.3~35.6)和28.0个月(95%CI:22.1~33.9),两组患者的生存情况比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.96,P﹥0.05).结论 新辅助化疗联合中间性肿瘤细胞减灭术治疗晚期上皮性卵巢癌可以缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量,降低血清肿瘤相关标志物水平,但该方法对改善患者的远期生存意义不大.     

贝伐珠单抗联合化疗对晚期肺癌患者血清肿瘤标志物及免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨贝伐珠单抗联合化疗对晚期肺癌患者血清肿瘤标志物及免疫功能的影响.方法 将80例晚期肺癌患者根据不同治疗方式分为观察组及对照组,每组40例.对照组采用顺铂联合紫杉醇(TP)化疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合贝伐珠单抗治疗,比较两组患者血清肿瘤标志物水平、免疫功能指标水平、临床疗效及不良反应.结果 治疗后,两组患者糖类抗原125(CA125)、细胞角蛋白19片段抗原21-1(CYFRA21-1)、血清癌胚抗原(CEA)水平均明显低于本组治疗前,且观察组均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).治疗后,两组患者免疫功能指标CD3+、CD4+、CD8+水平均明显低于本组干预前,但观察组均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).观察组患者疾病控制率为92.50％(37/40),高于对照组的72.50％(29/40),差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.541,P=0.019).两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).结论 贝伐珠单抗联合TP化疗治疗晚期肺癌可有效降低血清肿瘤标志物水平,抑制疾病进展,同时控制化疗对机体免疫功能产生的影响,提升临床效果,应用价值较高.     

脂质体阿霉素联合奥沙利铂对晚期胃癌患者血清水平及免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨脂质体阿霉素联合奥沙利铂对晚期胃癌患者血清CA19-9、CEA、CA125、CA72-4、EGFR水平及免疫功能的影响,分析脂质体阿霉素在晚期胃癌治疗中的作用效果.方法 选择65例晚期胃癌患者作为观察对象,并根据随机数字法分为试验组和对照组.对照组给予奥沙利铂联合替吉奥化疗方案,试验组给予脂质体阿霉素联合奥沙利铂化疗方案,比较2组的临床疗效、化疗前后的血清CA19-9、CEA、CA125、CA72-4、EGFR及CD3+、CD4+、CD8+等免疫指标的水平变化.结果 对照组的临床总有效率为34.3%,试验组的临床总有效率为46.7%,试验组的近期疗效好于对照组(P＜0.05).经治疗后,2组的血清CA19-9、CEA、CA125、CA72-4、EGFR水平均较治疗前显著降低(P＜0.05),且试验组的各项指标显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).经治疗后,2组患者的CD3+、CD4+、CD8+水平均显著高于治疗前(P＜0.05),且试验组的各项指标均高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 脂质体阿霉素联合奥沙利铂治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效可靠,能有效抑制CA19-9、CEA、CA125、CA72-4、EGFR等肿瘤标志物的表达,提高CD3+、CD4+、CD8+等免疫指标在晚期胃癌患者体内的含量,是1种较优的晚期胃癌化疗方案.     

阴道超声联合血清HE4检测在卵巢癌早期诊断与病情监测中的意义

目的：探讨阴道超声联合血清人附睾蛋白4（HE4）检测在卵巢癌早期诊断与病情监测中的意义,为临床卵巢癌诊断治疗提供依据。方法选择100例卵巢癌患者作为研究对象,另选取同期住院的卵巢良性病变患者100例,均行阴道超声检查,ELISA法测定患者血清HE4、CA125水平,对单一检测及联合检测灵敏度及特异度进行比较分析。结果卵巢癌组血清HE4水平、CA125水平、阴道超声评分均高于卵巢良性病变组,差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）;随着卵巢癌组临床分期增加,血清HE4水平、CA125水平、阴道超声评分升高（P﹤0.05）;实性肿物较囊性肿物恶性率高,单侧病变最大径线﹥5 cm较最大径线≤5 cm恶性率高,可见腹腔积液患者较无腹腔积液患者恶性率高,肿瘤分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期恶性率高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）;卵巢癌组HE4、CA125、阴道超声检测阳性率均高于卵巢良性病变组（P﹤0.05）;HE4单项检测性能优于阴道超声检测,阴道超声与HE4联合检测的灵敏度、特异度高于阴道超声、HE4单一检测,阴道超声+HE4联合检测灵敏度和特异度与阴道超声+CA125比较,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）;阴道超声+HE4联合检测灵敏度及特异度与阴道超声+CA125+HE4比较,差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）。结论阴道超声联合HE4检测可提高卵巢癌诊断灵敏度与特异度,有助于卵巢癌早期诊断及病情监测。     

伊立替康联合奈达铂治疗宫颈癌的疗效及对患者血清肿瘤标志物的影响

目的 探讨伊立替康联合奈达铂治疗宫颈癌的疗效及对患者血清肿瘤标志物的影响.方法 依据治疗方式的不同将102例宫颈癌患者分为观察组和对照组,每组51例,对照组患者给予多西他赛联合奈达铂治疗,观察组患者给予伊立替康联合奈达铂治疗.比较两组患者化疗后骨髓抑制情况、化疗前后血清肿瘤标志物[癌胚抗原(CEA)、鳞状上皮细胞癌抗原(SCC-Ag)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、糖类抗原125(CA125)]水平、临床疗效和不良反应发生情况.结果 观察组患者白细胞计数、中性粒细胞绝对值降低率均明显低于对照组(P﹤0.01).化疗后,两组患者CEA、SCC-Ag、AFP、CA125水平均低于本组化疗前(P﹤0.05),且观察组患者血清SCC-Ag、CA125水平均低于对照组(P﹤0.05),但两组患者血清CEA、AFP水平无明显差异(P﹥0.05).观察组患者的治疗总有效率为90.20％,高于对照组患者的74.51％(P﹤0.05).两组患者恶心呕吐、腹痛腹泻、低热、肝肾损伤、心肌损伤发生率均无明显差异(P﹥0.05).结论 伊立替康联合奈达铂可有效降低宫颈癌患者的血清肿瘤标志物水平,提高治疗效果,患者耐受程度较高.     

高效孕激素联合化疗治疗子宫内膜癌的疗效及对患者血清肿瘤标志物和炎性因子的影响

目的 探讨高效孕激素联合化疗治疗子宫内膜癌的疗效及对患者血清肿瘤标志物和炎性因子的影响.方法 96例子宫内膜癌患者均接受手术切除,根据术后化疗中是否使用高效孕激素,将其分为观察组(n=44)和对照组(n=52),对照组患者术后接受氟尿嘧啶+顺铂化疗,观察组患者在此基础上联合醋酸甲羟孕酮治疗.比较两组患者的临床疗效,治疗前后血清肿瘤标志物[包括糖类抗原125(CA125)、人附睾上皮分泌蛋白4(HE4)、甲壳质酶蛋白40(YKL-40)]和血清炎性因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)]水平,以及不良反应发生情况.结果 观察组患者的总缓解率为75.00％,高于对照组患者的53.85％,临床获益率为93.18％,高于对照组患者的76.92％,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).治疗后,两组患者国际妇产科联盟(FIGO)分期变化情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).治疗后,两组患者血清CA125、HE4、YKL-40水平均明显低于本组治疗前,且观察组患者血清CA125、HE4、YKL-40水平均明显低于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).治疗后,两组患者血清TNF-α、IL-4、IL-8水平均明显低于本组治疗前,且观察组患者血清TNF-α、IL-4、IL-8水平均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).观察组患者的不良反应总发生率为31.82％,低于对照组患者的36.54％,但差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).结论 醋酸甲羟孕酮联合化疗治疗子宫内膜癌患者的临床疗效较好,可进一步降低血清肿瘤标志物和炎性因子水平,安全性较高.     

Excretion of nitrates with saliva and urine and nitrite excretion with saliva in patients with chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcer

The study assessed excretion of nitrates in urine and saliva and that of nitrites with saliva of patients suffering gastric and duodenal ulcer. In both study groups, a positive correlation was established between nitrate concentration in saliva, on the one hand, and that in urine, and nitrite level in urine, on the other. The groups failed to show a difference in nitrate concentrations in either urine or saliva. Since retention of nitrates in the body of chronic gastritis patients held as precancer of the stomach proved no higher than that in patients with duodenal ulcer, the authors cast doubt on endogenous nitroso compounds as a cause of gastric cancer in cases of chronic gastritis.     

Pathologic states associated with activation of eosinophils and with eosinophilia

Eosinophils are involved in cytotoxicity against helminths and tumor cells and effect both tissue damage and tissue protection in hypersensitivity reactions. Their migratory patterns and oxidative mechanisms are most similar to those of neutrophils, but their tissue longevity and functional variation are more similar to those of monocytes and macrophages. Their enzyme components and behaviors are only now beginning to be defined, and their biologic functions in pathologic states remain a topic of considerable discussion.     

Assessment of guilt and shame in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer compared with patients with breast and prostate cancer

PURPOSE: Patients with lung cancer might feel more guilt and shame resulting from previous smoking. This study was designed to determine the levels of guilt and shame among patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared with breast and prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Surveys were sent to participants 3 times (at enrollment, 2 months, and 6 months). Patients were eligible if they had stage IV NSCLC, breast cancer, or prostate cancer. The survey included tests of generalized guilt, shame, depression, and anxiety as well as guilt, shame, and embarrassment related to one's cancer. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-two participants completed >or= 1 questionnaire: 96 patients with NSCLC, 30 patients with breast cancer, and 46 patients with prostate cancer. Of the patients with NSCLC, 91.7% were current or former smokers versus 67.1% of the comparison patients. A composite score of embarrassment related to one's cancer (perceived cancer-related stigma; PCRS) was higher in patients with NSCLC (P < .01). Mean baseline generalized guilt and shame scores were not different among groups and did not change over time. A history of smoking correlated with increased levels of guilt and shame, regardless of tumor type. A personal identification of past behaviors as contributing to cancer correlated with higher levels of guilt, shame, anxiety, and depression. Of the patients with NSCLC, 29.5% felt that their behaviors contributed to their cancer compared with 10.5% of the comparison patients. CONCLUSION: Patients with NSCLC had higher levels of PCRS than patients with prostate cancer or breast cancer but not higher baseline levels of shame and guilt. Smoking is correlated with higher levels of guilt and shame. A belief that one caused one's own cancer is correlated with higher levels of guilt, shame, anxiety, and depression. These findings could be translated into an increased need for open communication among patients and their providers surrounding issues of cancer causation, guilt, shame, depression, and anxiety.     

Characteristics and survival of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with and without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Our objective was to determine the characteristics and survival of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with and without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A cancer registry and AIDS registry linkage for San Diego County was performed in October 1998 as part of a national multicentre study. We performed Kaplan-Meier analysis to compare survival in NHL patients with and without AIDS, after matching for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. We performed logistic regression to determine which patient and tumour characteristics were significantly associated with 1-year survival. Of the 4361 cases of NHL, 324 (7%) had AIDS and 4037 (93%) were not known to have AIDS. Patients with AIDS were more likely to have extranodal, high-grade, and disseminated NHL diagnosed by non-histologic means and were less likely to have received chemotherapy. Patients with AIDS and NHL who survived at least 1 year had less advanced disease stage and received chemotherapy. The median survival in patients with AIDS was 4 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 4-5) and 95 months (95% CI: 58-157) in patients without AIDS (P<0.001). Although these patients with AIDS-related NHL were unlikely to survive, the highly active antiretroviral agents currently used may improve outcomes in future patients.     

Outcomes of patients with stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer treated with chemotherapy and radiation with and without surgery

BACKGROUND:

The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with improved outcome after treatment for stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODS:

A retrospective review of stage III NSCLC patients treated at who were treated at the Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center was done with institutional review board approval. Patients were followed for toxicity, local and distant failure, and overall survival. Multivariate Cox logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with treatment outcome.

RESULTS:

Between August 2000 and November 2006, 144 patients received concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) for stage III NSCLC. Eighty of 144 patients were men (56%), and the median age was 61 years (range, 33‐81 years). Sixty‐two patients (43%) had stage IIIA NSCLC, and 82 patients (57%) had stage IIIB NSCLC. Radiotherapy (RT) was given concurrently with chemotherapy to all patients; 100 patients (69%) received CRT without surgery, and 44 patients (31%) received with neoadjuvant CRT followed by surgical resection. The median RT dose was 60 grays (Gy) (range, 46‐70 Gy). The median follow‐up was 15 months (range, 3‐64 months), the median potential follow‐up was 37 months (range, 12‐84 months), and the median overall survival was 22 months (95% confidence interval, 15‐28 months). The 1‐year and 2‐year survival rates were 68% and 47%, respectively. Among the 44 patients who underwent resection, the median survival was 61 months, and the 2‐year survival rate was 73%. On multivariate analysis, stage at the time of treatment (stage IIIA vs stage IIIB) and use of surgery were the only factors associated with improved outcome (P = .01 and P = .001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:

In this retrospective series, those patients who were able to undergo resection appeared to have improved outcome after induction CRT. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

VEGF and EMMPRIN expression correlates with survival of patients with osteosarcoma

Aim

To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer (EMMPRIN) expression in osteosarcoma, and to evaluate the clinical significance of these two markers in the survival of osteosarcoma.

Methods

VEGF and EMMPRIN expression in paraffin-embedded specimens gathered from 65 patients with primary osteosarcoma were detected by the method of immunohistochemistry using antibodies against VEGF and EMMPRIN. The correlation of VEGF and EMMPRIN expression with the clinicopathologic features and with the survival of osteosarcoma was subsequently assessed.

Results

The expression of VEGF and EMMPRIN was detected in 47/65 (72.31%) and 45/65 (69.23%) of patients with osteosarcoma, respectively. Positive expression of VEGF and EMMPRIN was significantly correlated with surgical stage and percentage of dead cells of osteosarcoma. A significant correlation was found between the expression of VEGF and EMMPRIN in osteosarcoma (r = 0.89, p = 0.01). Additionally, surgical stage, percentage of dead cells, VEGF and EMMPRIN expression showed significant influence on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, surgical stage (IIA versus IIB/III) and percentage of dead cells (≤90% versus >90%) were significant for DFS and OS. Those patients with VEGF+/EMMPRIN+ co-expression showed significantly shorter OS and DFS compared with VEGF−/EMMPRIN− expression.

Conclusion

According to our study, the overexpression of VEGF or EMMPRIN may be an important feature of osteosarcoma. A combined detection of VEGF/EMMPRIN co-expression may benefit us in prediction of a poor survival of osteosarcoma.     

肽胺哌啶酮联合MP化疗方案治疗多发性骨髓瘤的疗效观察

目的：观察肽胺哌啶酮联合MP方案，即马法兰＋泼尼松（强的松）治疗多发性骨须瘤的疗效及其毒副作用。方法：确诊的多发性骨髓瘤病人12例，肽胺哌啶酮－MP方案；肽胺哌啶酮自MP方案开始持续给药，每晚睡前口服，剂量从每天100mg开始，每周日剂量递增50mg，至病人不能耐受或最高至每日400mg;MP方案每月一个疗程。结果：部分缓解6例（50％），进步3例（25％）。总有效率为9／12（75．0），有效的病人中7例在4周内起效，肽胺哌啶酮每天100－400mg不等，中位剂量每天225mg，常见的副反应为皮疹，便秘，嗜睡、乏力、头昏，水肿等，结论：肽胺哌啶酮＋MP方案治疗多发性骨髓瘤副反应少，耐受性好，且反应率可能提高。