扶正抗癌方联合安罗替尼治疗中晚期小细胞肺癌患者的临床疗效

目的 探究扶正抗癌方联合安罗替尼治疗中晚期小细胞肺癌(SCLC)的临床疗效.方法 将65例中晚期SCLC患者根据不同的治疗方式分为西药组(n=32,在常规治疗的基础上使用安罗替尼治疗)与联合组(n=33,在西药组的基础上联合扶正抗癌方治疗).比较两组患者的临床疗效,不良反应,治疗前及治疗4个周期后的肿瘤相关因子水平[基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及多效生长因子(PTN)]、炎症因子水平[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)]、免疫功能指标(CD3+、CD4+、CD8+及CD4+/CD8+).结果 联合组患者的治疗总有效率为63.64％,与西药组的46.87％比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).治疗后,联合组患者MMP2、VEGF及PTN水平均明显低于西药组(P﹤0.01);联合组患者的TNF-α、TGF-β1及IL-6水平均明显低于西药组(P﹤0.01);联合组患者CD3+、CD4+及CD4+/CD8+水平均高于西药组(P﹤0.05),CD8+水平低于西药组(P﹤0.05).联合组患者的不良反应总发生率为24.24％,明显低于西药组的56.25％(P﹤0.01).结论 扶正抗癌方联合安罗替尼治疗中晚期SCLC,可提高患者的免疫功能,降低其炎症反应及不良反应发生率,还可改善肿瘤相关因子水平,具有较好的临床应用价值.     

培美曲塞联合顺铂与吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗ⅢB、Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌的疗效比较

目的 比较培美曲塞联合顺铂与吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗ⅢB、Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的临床疗效.方法 根据治疗方法的不同将68例NSCLC患者分为观察组和对照组,每组34例.对照组患者采用吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗,观察组患者采用培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗,均治疗6周.比较两组患者的近期疗效、肿瘤标志物[癌胚抗原(CEA)、细胞角质蛋白19片段抗原21-1(CYFRA21-1)]水平、肿瘤血管生成指标[基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP2)和基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP9)]、免疫功能指标(CD3+、CD4+、CD8+水平及CD4+/CD8+)及治疗期间的不良反应发生情况.结果 治疗后,观察组患者的客观缓解率(ORR)高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).治疗后,观察组患者的CEA、CYFRA21-1、MMP2和MMP9水平均低于对照组,CD3+、CD4+水平及CD4+/CD8+均高于对照组,CD8+水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).治疗期间,观察组患者白细胞减少及血小板减少的发生率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).结论 与吉西他滨联合顺铂相比,培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗ⅢB、Ⅳ期NSCLC患者的近期疗效较佳,可有效降低肿瘤标志物水平,抑制肿瘤血管生成,调节免疫应答且血液学毒性较小.     

阿帕替尼治疗进展期胃癌对患者血清正常上皮细胞特异性-1及免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨阿帕替尼治疗进展期胃癌的临床疗效及对患者血清正常上皮细胞特异性-1(NES1)及免疫功能的影响.方法 将118例进展期胃癌患者按治疗方案不同分为观察组(n=68)和对照组(n=50),观察组给予阿帕替尼+替吉奥治疗,对照组给予替吉奥治疗,观察两组疗效及总生存时间,检测CD3+、CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞及NES1水平.结果 观察组患者疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).治疗前,两组患者CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞比例比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);治疗后,观察组患者CD4+T淋巴细胞比例明显高于对照组,CD8+T淋巴细胞比例明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).治疗前,两组患者血清NES1水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);治疗后,两组患者血清NES1水平均升高(P﹤0.05),且观察组血清NES1水平明显高于对照组(P﹤0.01).观察组患者中位生存时间为9个月(95％CI:8.64～9.36),明显长于对照组的5个月(95％CI:4.51～5.49),差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).结论 阿帕替尼治疗进展期胃癌有较好的临床疗效,改善免疫功能,升高血清NES1水平.     

槐耳颗粒联合索拉非尼对晚期肝癌患者免疫功能及生活质量的影响

目的 探究槐耳颗粒联合索拉非尼对晚期肝癌患者免疫功能及生活质量的影响.方法 将80例晚期肝癌患者按治疗方法不同分为对照组和观察组,每组40例.对照组予以甲苯磺酸索拉非尼片口服(每次0.4 g),观察组在对照组用药基础上加用槐耳颗粒口服(每次20 g).比较两组患者治疗总有效率、免疫功能指标[CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+、自然杀伤(NK)细胞]水平、不良反应发生率及肝胆肿瘤治疗功能评定量表(FACT-hep)评分差异.结果 观察组患者总有效率为92.50％(37/40),高于对照组的72.50％(29/40),差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).治疗后,两组患者CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞水平均升高,CD8+水平均降低,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);治疗后,观察组患者CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞水平均高于对照组,CD8+水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).观察组患者不良反应总发生率为17.50％(7/40),低于对照组的40.00％(16/40),差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).治疗后,两组患者FACT-hep量表生理、心理、社会、功能及症状领域评分均较治疗前升高,且观察组患者生理、心理、社会、功能及症状领域评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).结论 槐耳颗粒联合索拉非尼可显著提高晚期肝癌临床疗效,改善患者免疫功能,降低不良反应发生率,提升患者生活质量.     

TACE和RFA对原发性肝癌的疗效及对细胞免疫、血清相关标志物水平的影响

目的 探讨经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合射频消融术(RFA)治疗原发性肝癌患者的疗效及其对患者T淋巴细胞亚群、血清相关标志物水平的影响.方法 选取98例原发性肝癌患者,根据治疗方法的不同将其分为联合组和对照组,每组49例.联合组采用TACE+RFA方案进行治疗,对照组采用TACE方案进行治疗,比较两组患者的治疗效果、T淋巴细胞亚群、血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)、糖类抗原-199(CA-199)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)及血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)水平.结果 治疗后,联合组患者的有效率为71.43％,高于对照组患者的51.02％(P﹤0.05);联合组患者的疾病控制率为95.92％,与对照组患者的91.84％比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);治疗前,联合组和对照组患者的CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);治疗后,联合组患者的CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平明显高于对照组患者(P﹤0.01),CD8+水平明显低于对照组患者(P﹤0.01);治疗前,联合组和对照组患者的AFP、CA-199、GGT、VEGF水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);治疗后,联合组患者的AFP、CA-199、GGT、VEGF水平明显低于对照组患者(P﹤0.01).结论 原发性肝癌患者采用TACE联合RFA治疗具有更好的临床效果,同时可以改善患者的免疫功能.     

生物免疫疗法联合放化疗治疗局限性非小细胞肺癌的疗效及对生活质量的影响

目的 探讨生物免疫疗法联合放化疗治疗局限性非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的临床效果.方法 将82例局限性NSCLC患者按简单随机化方法分为联合组(41例)与对照组(41例).对照组行常规放化疗治疗,联合组联合使用生物免疫疗法治疗.连续治疗2个月后,比较两组患者临床疗效、生活质量、T淋巴细胞亚群[自然杀伤(NK)细胞、CD3+、CD4+/CD8+]与不良反应.结果 联合组患者治疗有效率、NK、CD3+、CD4+/CD8+、卡氏功能状态(KPS)评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);联合组患者治疗期间粒细胞减少、发热和胃肠道反应发生率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).结论 生物免疫疗法联合放化疗治疗局限性NSCLC可提高治疗效果,增强患者免疫功能,减轻不良反应,提升生活质量.     

替莫唑胺化疗联合放疗治疗高级别脑胶质瘤的疗效及其对血清标志物的作用

目的 探究替莫唑胺化疗联合放疗治疗高级别脑胶质瘤的疗效及其对血清标志物的作用.方法 将82例高级别脑胶质瘤患者按照治疗方式的不同分为单一放疗组与联合化疗组,每组41例.单一放疗组采用常规术后放疗,联合化疗组在单一放疗组的基础上给予替莫唑胺化疗.比较两组患者治疗前后的血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平、表皮生长因子(EGF)水平、T淋巴细胞亚群水平、卡氏功能状态(KPS)评分和生活质量(QOL)评分、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分及近期临床疗效.结果 治疗后,联合化疗组患者VEGF、EGF水平均明显低于单一放疗组(P﹤0.01),CD8+明显低于单一放疗组(P﹤0.01),CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+均明显高于单一放疗组(P﹤0.01),KPS、QOL、MoCA评分均明显高于单一放疗组(P﹤0.01).联合化疗组患者总有效率为90.24％,高于单一放疗组的75.61％,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).联合化疗组患者不良反应总发生率为7.32％,明显低于单一放疗组的24.39％,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).结论 替莫唑胺化疗联合放疗治疗高级别脑胶质瘤,可降低对患者认知功能造成的影响,改善患者的T淋巴细胞亚群水平及血清标志物水平.     

白花蛇舌草注射液联合GP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效及免疫功能的临床观察

目的：研究白花蛇舌草注射液联合GP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌及对患者免疫功能的影响。方法选择晚期非小细胞肺癌患者80例为研究对象,随机分成两组,各40例。对照组采用GP方案治疗;观察组采用白花蛇舌草注射液联合GP治疗方案。观察两组患者疗效,中医证候情况,生活质量情况,免疫功能,不良反应及血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）含量,并做比较分析。结果3个疗程后观察疗效,观察组中医证候改善有效率90.00%、卡氏评分增加稳定率97.50%,高于对照组的55.00%和67.50%,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）。观察组CD3+、CD4+、CD8+和CD4+/CD8+含量均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）;观察组胃肠道症状、白细胞减少等轻于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）;观察组VEGF水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）。结论白花蛇舌草注射液联合GP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌患者疗效显著,能够改善患者生活质量。     

胸腹腔镜联合手术对食管癌患者炎症及创伤应激的影响

目的 探究胸腹腔镜联合手术对食管癌患者炎症及创伤应激的影响.方法 将60例食管癌患者按手术方式不同分为观察组及对照组,每组30例.对照组采用传统开胸手术治疗,观察组采用胸腹腔镜联合手术治疗,比较两组患者炎症指标、创伤应激指标、免疫功能指标、手术相关指标水平.结果 术后,两组患者白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、皮质醇(Cor)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)水平均上升,且观察组患者IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、CRP、Cor、NE水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).术后,两组患者CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+及自然杀伤(NK)细胞均下降,且观察组患者CD4+、CD4+/CD8+及NK细胞均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).观察组患者术中出血量少于对照组,手术时间、住院时间、肠道功能恢复时间均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).结论 食管癌患者采用胸腹腔镜联合手术治疗可降低机械性刺激引发的炎性反应及创伤应激反应,同时对机体免疫功能的影响较小,促进机体恢复,临床应用价值较高.     

电针预处理对胃癌根治术患者应激状态及术后谵妄的影响

目的 探讨电针预处理对胃癌根治术患者应激状态及术后谵妄的影响.方法 将80例行胃癌根治术的患者依据术前处理方式不同分为电针组(42例)和常规组(38例),常规组予以常规麻醉,电针组在常规麻醉前予以电针预处理,比较两组患者手术相关指标、应激状态、麻醉药物用量及术后并发症发生情况.结果 两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术中输液量、拔管时间、苏醒时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).预处理前,两组患者心率、血氧饱和度及平均动脉压比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);开腹时及手术结束后,电针组患者心率均低于常规组,血氧饱和度、平均动脉压均高于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).治疗前,两组患者CD4+、CD4+/CD8+及超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);治疗后,两组患者CD4+与CD4+/CD8+均降低,hs-CRP均升高(P﹤0.05),且电针组患者CD4+与CD4+/CD8+均明显高于常规组,hs-CRP明显低于常规组(P﹤0.01).电针组患者瑞芬太尼用量少于常规组,视觉模拟评分(VAS)低于常规组,谵妄发生率低于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).结论 电针预处理能够减少全身麻醉药物瑞芬太尼用量,降低机体应激反应,减少术后谵妄的发生.     

E-钙粘蛋白及PTEN基因编码蛋白与胃癌浸润转移

目的:观察抑癌基因PTEN蛋白和ECD在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法:以兔抗人PTEN多克隆抗体、鼠抗人ECD单克隆抗体,采用SABC免疫组化法,检测100例胃癌手术切除标本中拟测指标的表达。以χ2和Logrank检验对结果做统计学分析。结果:ECD、PTEN蛋白在非癌胃粘膜中均见表达;在胃癌组织中表达下调或缺失。ECD异常表达率为42.0%;弥漫型胃癌异常表达率(48.57%),明显高于肠型胃癌(26.67%),(P<0.05);ECD异常表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。胃癌组织中PTEN蛋白缺失率为59%;弥漫型胃癌缺失率(65.71%)明显高于肠型胃癌(43.33%),(P<0.05);伴淋巴结转移的胃癌缺失率(64.47%)明显高于无淋巴结转移者(41.67%),(P<0.05);PTEN蛋白缺失的患者比阳性表达者预后差(P=0.0066)。65.85%PTEN阳性表达者同时伴ECD正常表达。结论:两种标志物与胃癌浸润转移有关,PTEN表达与胃癌患者预后密切相关。将两种指标联合检测,可作为正确判断胃癌患者预后,指导临床治疗的分子生物学指标。     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

世界卫生组织骨质疏松症防治工作报告和防治建议

引 言 作为对第51号综合处理非传染性疾病预防与控制的世界卫生组织决议的反应,1998年7月WHO成立了致力于不断完善对骨质疏松预防和治疗策略的工作小组。小组成员来自世界各国致力于骨质疏松研究的知名专家。Harry K.Genant为本届主席。这一项世界范围内的骨质疏松教育计划旨在通过世界范围的研究,不断改善对骨质疏松的诊断水平和发展并完善对骨质疏松病人的合理治疗。其重点将以发展中国家为主。并为各国政府及其卫生部门和病人群体提供世界性有关骨质疏松症的总体的、完整的指导性资料。该项研究、教育计划的实施将由世界各国的骨质疏松症研究和治疗机构共同完成,并经权威学术机构、政府和非政府组织进行有针对性的回顾研究,最终由WHO审议通过。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of colon and rectal cancers

BACKGROUND: Frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in many observational studies. METHODS: We prospectively investigated the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of colon and rectal cancers in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (88 764 women) and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (47 325 men). Diet was assessed and cumulatively updated in 1980, 1984, 1986, and 1990 among women and in 1986 and 1990 among men. The incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum was ascertained up to June or January of 1996, respectively. Relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated with the use of pooled logistic regression models accounting for various potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: With a follow-up including 1 743 645 person-years and 937 cases of colon cancer, we found little association of colon cancer incidence with fruit and vegetable consumption. For women and men combined, a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.05). A difference in vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.03 (95% CI = 0.97-1.09). Similar results were obtained for women and men considered separately. A difference in fruit consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR for colon cancer of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.89-1.03) among women and 1. 08 (95% CI = 1.00-1.16) among men. For rectal cancer (total, 244 cases), a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.02 (95% CI = 0.95-1.09) in men and women combined. None of these associations was modified by vitamin supplement use or smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: Although fruits and vegetables may confer protection against some chronic diseases, their frequent consumption does not appear to confer protection from colon or rectal cancer.