颅内动脉CTA的前瞻性研究

目的：评价和研讨CTA对脑动脉的显示能力及扫描技术。材料和方法：脑MIP-CTA检查正常的患者50例。将CTA对颅内主要动脉的显示率与柳氏测得的MRA的娄似数据进行比较。结果：对较粗大的动脉分支，CTA和MRA均显示良好。CTA对细小动脉分支的显示不及粗大动脉、差别较大。对前交通动脉的显示率，CTA明显高于MRA。CTA最佳延运扫描时间的个体差异较大。结论：CTA能高质量地显示脑动脉，是评价脑血管状况，对脑血管疾病进行诊断和筛选的好方法。选择恰当的扫描参数很重要。CTA前有必要行小剂量试验。     

CTA对颅内动脉的显示及成像技术探讨

ＣＴＡ对颅内动脉的显示及成像技术探讨周存升马睿柳澄赵斌王涛ＣＴ血管造影（ＣＴａｎｇｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＣＴＡ）是一种新的少创伤性血管成像方法。笔者就ＣＴＡ对颅内动脉显示能力及扫描技术进行了初步探讨和研究。材料与方法脑ＣＴＡ检查结果正常的患者５０例，男３...     

CTA对颅内动脉开窗畸形的诊断价值

目的 了解颅内动脉开窗畸形的CT血管成像(CTA)表现、检出率以及好发部位,探讨开窗畸形与动脉瘤之间的关系.资料与方法 搜集行颅颈CTA检查的412例患者资料,将原始图像经工作站处理,得到容积重组(VR)和最大密度投影(MIP)图像,综合分析各组图像对于血管异常的显示情况.结果 412例中,颅内动脉开窗畸形41例,共计44处,位于前交通动脉区23处(5.6%),基底动脉区18处(4.4%),椎动脉颅内段2处(0.5%),大脑中动脉1处(0.2%).48例动脉瘤患者的开窗畸形发生率与364例无动脉瘤者的开窗畸形发病率之间差异无统计学意义.结论 CTA可清楚显示颅内动脉开窗畸形,检出率为10.7%(44/412),好发部位为前交通动脉区、基底动脉,开窗畸形与动脉瘤之间并不存在明确的关系.     

颅内血管病变CTA综合评价

目的探讨颅脑CT血管造影(CTA)和综合后处理技术的临床应用。资料与方法对30例临床诊断或疑诊颅内血管病变患者和4例血管畸形栓塞术后患者行CTA检查，并分别完成5种图像后处理：多层面重建(MPR)、表面遮盖三维显示(3D—SSD)、容积显示(VR)、薄层块最大强度投影(TS-MIP)和仿真内镜(VE)观察。结果CTA详细显示颈内动脉瘤10例，前后交通支动脉瘤5例，椎动脉瘤3例，颈内动脉海绵窦瘘1例，颅内动脉迂曲延长症1例，栓塞治疗后4例，其余10例正常。各种病理情况的CTA后处理以VR最优，综合显示更佳。结论颅脑CTA显示血管病变优越，以VR为主的综合后处理显示最好。     

动脉DSA在颅内病变诊断中的价值：附600例动脉DSA分析

Intracranial vessels were evaluated in 600 patients with IADSA. Among them, 100 cases were studied with both conventional angiography and IADSA. The advantages of IADSA are: (1) Good image quality; (2) Examination time shortened; (3) Very useful for interventional neuroradiology, hence it can replace conventional cerebral angiography for preoperative evaluation in most cases.     

颅内动脉支架动物模型的初步建立

目的在犬的颅内血管内置入支架,建立颅内支架的活体模型。材料与方法在行犬的血管造影后,将支架置入其基底动脉内。存活的动物被观察4周,复查造影后有计划地处死动物以获得置入支架的部分血管。结果12只犬行血管造影,其中6只犬的基底动脉成功置入6枚支架。随访观察后,成功地从6只犬颅内取出支架。结论建立颅内支架活体模型,为颅内动脉支架术后血管反应的进一步研究提供了一个可靠的技术平台。     

CTA在动脉性大出血介入栓塞治疗中的应用

目的 探讨CT血管造影（CTA）在动脉性大出血介入栓塞治疗中应用的策略及临床效果.方法 120例动脉性大出血患者在介入栓塞治疗前行CTA检查,在介入手术中寻找所有的出血动脉,并逐一进行检塞治疗.88例患者栓塞治疗2周后复查CTA检查.对CTA在动脉性大出血介入栓塞治疗中的应用效果进行回顾性总结评价.结果 120例动脉性大出血的患者在介入栓塞治疗前行动脉CTA检查,共找到162支病变的出血动脉,介入手术中共找到178支出血动脉并成功栓塞治疗.术前CTA检查诊断的准确率为91.01％（162/178）.88例患者栓塞治疗后CTA检查显示所有已栓塞的出血动脉栓塞效果良好.结论 介入栓塞治疗前CTA检查可以为栓塞治疗中寻找出血动脉提供准确的定位作用.栓塞治疗后行CTA检查有利于对栓塞疗效的准确判定.     

支气管动脉CTA在大咯血介入栓塞治疗中的应用

目的探讨支气管动脉CTA在大咯血介入栓塞治疗中应用的策略及临床效果。方法80例大咯血的患者在介入栓塞治疗前行支气管动脉CT血管造影（CTA）检查,在介入手术中寻找所有的出血动脉,并逐一进行栓塞治疗。68例患者栓塞治疗1周后复查支气管动脉CTA检查。对支气管动脉CTA在大咯血介入栓塞治疗中的应用效果进行回顾性总结评价。结果80例大咯血的患者在介入栓塞治疗前行支气管动脉CTA检查,共找到107支病变的出血动脉,介入手术中共找到118支出血动脉并成功栓塞治疗。术前支气管动脉CTA检查诊断的准确率为90．68％（107/118）。68例患者栓塞后治疗支气管动脉CTA检查显示所有已栓塞的支气管动脉栓塞效果良好。结论介入栓塞治疗前支气管动脉CTA检查可以为支气管动脉栓塞治疗中寻找出血动脉提供准确的定位作用。栓塞治疗后行支气管动脉CTA检查有利于对栓塞疗效的准确判定。     

CTA与DSA诊断颅内动脉瘤的对比研究

目的通过与DSA对比,评价三维CT血管造影在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的价值。方法对30例因蛛网膜下腔出血高度怀疑动脉瘤破裂的病人行CTA检查,同期行DSA检查及可行的血管内栓塞治疗。比较CTA与DSA检出动脉瘤的敏感性、特异性和准确性以及在显示动脉瘤瘤颈和载瘤动脉关系上的优劣。结果CTA检出动脉瘤26个,对动脉瘤的敏感性为95.5%,特异性为87.5%,准确性为93.3%,与DSA比较无显著差异。CTA对动脉瘤细节及瘤颈的显示明显优于DSA。结论CTA能无创有效的诊断颅内动脉瘤,所提供的诊断信息对治疗方案的制订具有极大的帮助,CTA还特别适用于急症病人的动脉瘤筛查。     

颅内血管支架成形术：介入前后CTA的可行性和局限性

目的：CTA对于评估颅内动脉狭窄程度和颅内支架随访是一种无创性检查。我们通过分析一组病例来评估CTA关于颅内血管支架成形术前后的动脉狭窄程度及支架随访的可行性。方法：颅内放置支架前后的8例患者接受CTA检查,一共有9个动脉狭窄并有临床症状。用CTA与传统血管造影对观察血管狭窄程度和植入支架的大小进行比较。结果：对于支架植入前的血管狭窄程度,CTA与传统血管造影比较,相差约为-15％～12％。     

Ectopic origin of bronchial arteries: assessment with multidetector helical CT angiography

The purpose of this study was to determine non-invasively the frequency of ectopic bronchial arteries (BA) (i.e., bronchial arteries originating at a level of the descending aorta other than T5-T6 or from any aortic collateral vessel) on multidetector-row CT angiograms (CTA) obtained in patients with hemoptysis. Over a 5-year period (2000–2005), 251 consecutive patients with hemoptysis underwent multidetector-row CT angiography of the thorax. From this population, 37 patients were excluded because of a suboptimal CTA examination (n = 19), the presence of extensive mediastinal disease (n = 15) or severe chest deformation (n = 3) precluding any precise analysis of the bronchial arteries at CTA. Our final study group included 214 patients who underwent a thin-collimated CT angiogram (contrast agent: 300 to 350 mg/ml) on a 4- (n = 56), 16- (n = 119) and 64- (n = 39) detector-row scanner. The site of origin and distribution of bronchial arteries were analyzed on transverse CT scans, maximum intensity projections and volume-rendered images. The site of the ostium of a bronchial artery was coded as orthotopic when the artery originated from the descending aorta between the levels of the fifth and sixth thoracic vertebrae; all other bronchial arteries were considered ectopic. From the studied population, 137 (64%) patients had only orthotopic bronchial arteries, whereas 77 patients (36%) had at least one bronchial artery of ectopic origin. A total of 147 ectopic arteries were depicted, originating as common bronchial trunks (n = 23; 19%) or isolated right or left bronchial arteries (n = 101; 81%). The most frequent sites of origin of the 124 ostiums were the concavity of the aortic arch (92/124; 74%), the subclavian artery (13/124; 10.5%) and the descending aorta (10/124; 8.5%). The isolated ectopic bronchial arteries supplied the ipsilateral lung in all but three cases. Bronchial artery embolization was indicated in 26 patients. On the basis of CTA information, (1) bronchial embolization was attempted in 24 patients; it was technically successful in 21 patients (orthotopic BAs: 6 patients; orthotopic and ectopic BAs: 3 patients; ectopic BAs: 12 patients) and failed in 3 patients due to an instable catheterization of the ectopic BAs; the absence of additional bronchial arterial supply and no abnormalities of nonbronchial systemic arteries at CTA avoided additional arteriograms in these 3 patients; (2) owing to the iatrogenic risk of the embolization procedure of ectopic BAs, the surgical ligation of the abnormal vessels was the favored therapeutic option in 2 patients. This study enabled the depiction of ectopic bronchial arteries in 36% of the studied population, important anatomical information prior to therapeutic decision making.     

3D-DA与3D-MSCTA对颅内动脉瘤诊断价值探讨

目的 探讨三维数字血管造影(3D-DA)与三维多层螺旋CT血管造影(3D-MSCTA)在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的作用和意义.方法 回顾性分析2008年12月- 2010年12月41例疑似颅内动脉瘤患者的常规DSA、3D-DA及3D-MSCTA影像资料,分别由2名放射科医师采用双盲法进行分析并咨询神经外科医师.评估两种方法检测...     

Prospective assessment of carotid bifurcation disease with spiral CT angiography in surface shaded display (SSD)-technique

Purpose: To decide, whether spiral CT-angiography (CTA) in surface shaded display (SSD)-technique is suitable for accurate quantification of carotid artery stenoses. Material and Methods: Forty-four patients (25 male, 19 females) with a total of 80 symptomatic carotid artery stenoses were studied prospectively with selective cerebral angiography and spiral CTA in SSD-technique. The degree of stenosis was determined according to the NASCET-study. Results: Assessment of the degree of stenoses with CTA and angiography was the same in 36% of mild stenoses, in 64% of moderate stenoses, in 68% of severe stenoses, and in 95% of the occluded internal carotid arteries. Overall, CTA in SSD-technique showed equivalent results as selective cerebral angiography in 65% of all cases. Conclusion: Spiral CTA in SSD-technique is inferior to selective cerebral angiography. Calcified plaques, vessel opacification and thresholding influence the most grading of stenoses.     

64层螺旋CT与数字减影血管造影对颅内动脉瘤诊断的比较

目的 通过64层螺旋CT的CT血管造影(CTA)及CT数字减影血管造影(CTDSA)技术与数字减影血管造影(DSA)的比较研究,评价64层螺旋CT在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的临床应用价值。方法 26例临床怀疑颅内动脉瘤的患者实施64层CT和DSA检查,对64层CT图像进行了CTA和DSCTA两种方式的后处理。CTA后处理技术包括容积再现(VR),最大密度投影(MIP)和多平面重建(MPR),在CTA图像基础上用增强数据逐层减去平扫数据,自动去除骨与脑组织,获得CTDSA影像。比较3种技术(DSA、CTA和CTDSA)的特征。结果 26例可疑患者中,DSA和CTDSA发现31个动脉瘤,CTA发现29个动脉瘤。CTA漏掉的2个动脉瘤,直径小于3mm。结论 CTDSA是检查颅内动脉瘤的高度敏感的影像学方法,具有与DSA相当的价值。     

Spiral CT angiography of renal arteries: comparison with angiography

A prospective study was carried out to determine the accuracy of spiral CT angiography (CTA) in the detection of renal artery stenosis (RAS). Eighty-two patients with arterial hypertension underwent CTA and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) to exclude RAS. For CTA a contrast medium bolus of 100–150 ml (flow rate 3 ml/s) was injected. A 24 or 40 s CTA was started at the origin of the superior mesenteric artery after a delay time determined by test bolus injection (collimation = 2 mm, pitch = 1/1.5). For stenosis detection transverse images supported by maximum intensity projections (MIP) or multiplanar reconstruction projections were used. Of 197 renal arteries examined (including 33 accessory arteries), 34 RAS were visualized using DSA. With CTA, one hemodynamic RAS was missed and one additional hemodynamic RAS was found. Sensitivity/specificity was calculated to be 94 %/98 %. For hemodynamically relevant RAS (> 50 %) the sensitivity/specificity was 96 %/99 %. CTA additionally depicted five adrenal masses. The high accuracy rate of RAS detection thus allows the use of CTA as a screening method in patients with arterial hypertension to exclude a renovascular cause. Received: 23 June 1997; Revision received: 6 January 1998; Accepted: 29 April 1998     

Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the influence of different table feeds on visualization of peripheral arteries in CT angiography of aortoiliac and lower extremity arteries

The influence of different table feeds (TF) on vascular enhancement and image quality in patients undergoing lower extremity runoff-CTA for peripheral artery occlusive disease (PAOD), acute ischemia (AI) or abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with PAOD was investigated retrospectively. One hundred eighty-five patients (PAOD: n = 132; AI: n = 40; AAA: n = 13) underwent 16-detector runoff-CTA (120 kV; 140 mAs; rotation time 0.5 s, collimation 16 x 1.5 mm) using different TF (30 mm/s: n = 25; 40 mm/s: n = 91; 48 mm/s: n = 36; 56 mm/s: n = 33). Vascular enhancement of the large arteries was measured every 10 cm along the z-axis from the upper abdomen to the toe. Arterial enhancement in the distal lower leg was compared (ANOVA, Bonferroni post-test). Qualitative assessment of bolus timing was performed independently by two radiologists. The study was IRB approved. In patients with PAOD or AI, enhancement of calf arteries using a TF of 48 mm/s (278 +/- 79 HU) was significantly higher in comparison to two slower TF (30 mm/s: 201 +/- 70 HU, P < 0.001; 40 mm/s: 251 +/- 79 HU, P < 0.05; 56 mm/s: 261 +/- 57 HU, NS) and the fewest noninterpretable arterial segments below the knee were observed with a TF of 48 mm/s (reader 1: 5/121 = 4.1%; reader 2: 4/121 = 3.3%). In patients with AAA, the fewest nondiagnostic segments occurred with a TF of 30 mm/s (2/12 = 17%, both readers) and 40 mm/s (4/24 = 17%, both readers). A TF of 48 mm/s provided the best synchronization of CT data acquisition and contrast bolus propagation and thus the best image quality in patients with PAOD and AI. In patients with AAA, a slower TF of 30 mm/s provided better image quality than faster CT protocols.     

CT angiography

The advent of spiral (helical, volume ) CT has revolutionised the performance of body CT and allowed the development of CT angiography (CTA). CT angiography is a non-invasive method of visualising the vascular system and in some instances can replace conventional angiography. In spiral CT a volume of data is obtained rapidly with no respiratory misregistration at peak vascular opacification following the peripheral injection of contrast. Appropriate timing will ensure that either the venous or arterial tree is visualised and from the volume of data multiple overlapping slices can be obtained to generate 2D and 3D images with no increase in radiation to the patient. CT angiography may be performed as a dedicated study or be undertaken retrospectively using post-processing of data from a conventional diagnostic spiral scan to provide additional information about the vascular tree. When undertaken as a dedicated study CTA is quicker, less invasive and less costly than a conventional angiogram with a decrease in the radiation dose to the patient; however, the spatial resolution is limited with vessels less than 2 mm not visualised and there is no contrast saving. Received: 25 March 1998; Revision received: 16 July 1998; Accepted: 22 July 1998     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与冠状动脉造影的对比研究

目的评价64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像诊断冠状动脉狭窄的准确性。方法 50例患者先后进行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像和冠状动脉造影检查,以冠状动脉造影为诊断冠状动脉疾病的"金标准",比较CT冠状动脉成像的符合率,评价64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像诊断冠心病的准确性。结果 64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像评价冠状动脉狭窄程度大于或等于50%的敏感性为98.6%,诊断狭窄程度小于50%的敏感性为87.0%,诊断冠状动脉狭窄的特异性为92.5%,阴性预测值为97.7%。结论 64层螺旋CT冠脉成像诊断冠状动脉狭窄有很高的准确率。     

Multi-slice CT (MSCT) angiography for assessment of traumatic lesions of lower limbs peripheral arteries

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) angiography for the assessment of traumatic lesions involving the arteries of the lower limbs. Materials and methods Forty-seven patients with suspected arterial post-traumatic lesions of lower limbs underwent MSCT angiography (4 × 2.5-mm collimation, 3-mm slice width). The standards of reference were: digital subtraction angiography (DSA; patients with inconclusive/doubtful or positive MSCT angiography indicating a need for intravascular treatment), surgical findings (patients with positive MSCT angiography indicating a need for surgery), or clinical/investigational follow-up (patients with negative MSCT angiography and no need for further diagnostic procedures or surgery). Results All CT exams were technically adequate. Sensitivity, specificity, and overall diagnostic accuracy of MSCT angiography were 96.3, 90, and 93.6%, respectively, relative to the reference of standard findings. In 44 out of 47 patients, MSCT angiography allowed a correct continuation of the diagnostic work-up. Conclusion MSCT angiography is a reliable fast tool for diagnosing traumatic vascular lesions, providing results comparable to DSA.     

数字减影CT血管成像对颅内小动脉瘤的诊断价值

目的：评价数字减影 CT 血管成像(DSCTA)在颅内小动脉瘤诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析92例经数字减影血管造影(DSA)或手术确诊为颅内动脉瘤患者的临床及 CT 影像资料,比较 DSCTA 和常规 CT 血管成像(CTA)2种技术对颅内动脉瘤检测的准确性。结果92例患者经证实共有102个动脉瘤,DSCTA 检出其中100个,常规 CTA 检出其中89个(χ2=8.707,P =0.003)。DSCTA 漏诊海绵窦段和床突下段动脉瘤各1例,而常规 CTA 漏诊13例床突下段及海绵窦段与颅骨紧贴<5.0 mm 的小动脉瘤。进一步将<3.0 mm 和3.0~5.0 mm 的动脉瘤合并计算,DSCTA 对检出5.0 mm 以下动脉瘤的敏感性显著高于常规CTA 技术(χ2=8.393,P =0.004)。结论DSCTA 对颅内动脉瘤诊断优于常规 CTA,尤其对颅底毗邻小动脉瘤的诊断有明显的优势,可作为筛查和诊断颅内动脉瘤的首选检查技术。