动脉瘤夹闭术可能缩短急性动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血相关脑血管痉挛持续时间

目的   比较不同治疗方法对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage,aSAH）后的血流动力学变化,并分析对aSAH后血管痉挛的影响。 方法  连续选取2008年4月～2009年10月首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经病学中心急诊入院的45例发病在72?h内的aSAH患者,收集基线资料、计算机断层扫描（computed tomography,CT）、经颅多普勒超声（transcranial Doppler,TCD）及90?d改良Rankin量表评分。根据患者接受的治疗分为保守组、填塞组和夹闭组。使用TCD连续测定14?d之内大脑中动脉及大脑前动脉血流速度,计算Lindegaard指数,比较3组的处理平均血流速度、Lindegaard指数及血管痉挛持续时间。 结果  大脑前动脉/大脑中动脉的平均血流速度及Lindegaard指数由高到低依次为保守组、夹闭组及填塞组［大脑前动脉：平均血流速度为（74.60±5.84）cm/s、（70.00±5.24）cm/s、（65.70±6.03）cm/s,P=0.0001;Lindegaard指数分别为3.87±0.32、3.82±0.31、3.65±0.36,P=0.006;大脑中动脉：平均血流速度分别为（101.2±9.1）cm/s、（87.0±6.2）cm/s、（76.2±9.2）cm/s,P=0.004;Lindegaard指数分别为5.50±0.65、4.15±0.46、3.81±0.55,P=0.005］。夹闭组患者脑血管痉挛持续时间较保守组短［（3.30±1.87）d vs?（7.29±2.23）d,P=0.035］。保守组患者90?d预后较差（P=0.028）。 结论  神经外科夹闭术和血管内动脉瘤填塞术均能缓解急性aSAH后脑血管痉挛的严重程度;外科夹闭术可缩短脑血管痉挛持续时间。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂所致蛛网膜下腔出血患者的血液动力学改变

目的 探讨脑动脉瘤破裂后引起脑血管痉挛的血流动力学变化.方法 选取经脑血管造影(DSA)和头颅CT证实,由于动脉瘤破裂,导致蛛网膜下腔出血的患者96例,在床旁予经颅多谱勒(TCD)在术前、术后2d、7d、14d、21d记录,并分析大脑中动脉(MCA)参数及频谱改变.结果 MCA平均血流速度(Vm)于蛛网膜下腔出血后3d升高,7d至14d达到高峰,血管痉挛指数(LI)为3～6h预后较好,＞6h可以出现神经功能损害,有颅内压增高且有血管痉挛(CVS)者预后相应较差.结论 TCD能实时评价CVS的动态变化,以及CVS的严重程度,为对患者临床转归的推断提供依据.     

经颅多普勒检测破裂脑动脉瘤栓塞术后脑血管痉挛的临床应用

目的探讨经颅多普勒(TCD)在破裂脑动脉瘤栓塞术后脑血管痉挛(CVS)诊断中的应用价值。方法 2013年5月~2016年8月在我院接受动脉瘤栓塞术治疗的46例脑动脉瘤破裂患者,在手术前、后行TCD检查,探测大脑中动脉(MCA)血流速度和颈内动脉入颅段(e ICA)的血流速度;以此为依据判断脑血管痉挛发生与否。以DSA为金标准比较TCD诊断脑血管痉挛的敏感度和特异性。结果术后3 d起,患者MCA血流速度显著上升,术后10 d时逐渐下降,但与术前相比差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);术后3~7 d,患者e ICA血流速度明显下降,与术前比较差均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。经DSA检查确诊CVS患者24例,非CVS患者22例。术后3 d起,CVS患者MCA血流速度均显著高于非CVS患者(均P0.05)。以DSA检查结果作为金标准,同时以MCA血流速度120 cm/s作为TCD法血管痉挛判断标准,TCD诊断CVS的敏感度为79.2%,特异度为90.9%,阳性预测值为90.5%,阴性预测值为80.0%。24例CVS患者经尼莫同治疗后病情均好转,无死亡病例。结论 TCD能够在早期发现破裂动脉瘤栓塞术后CVS的发生,具有较高的敏感度和特异度;值得进一步在临床应用。     

急性期破裂动脉瘤术后TCD脑血流监测的临床价值

我院自2000-01～2007-12开展急性期破裂动脉瘤显微外科动脉瘤夹闭手术150例.术后常规运用经颅多普勒技术(TCD)床边动态脑血流检测,及时了解术后不同时期脑血流的改变,对有无脑血管痉挛、治疗疗效的判断有着重要价值,现报告如下.     

TCD检测深度与颅高压的相关性分析

为探讨应用经颅多普勒（transcranial Doppler,TCD）对颅高压（intracranial hypertension,ICH）患者进行颅内压（intracranial pressure,ICP）及脑血流动力学监护时选择合适的大脑中动脉（middle cerebral artery,MCA）深度,     

颅内动脉瘤破裂出血术后血清HIF-1α、miR-210表达与脑血管痉挛的关系

目的检测颅内动脉瘤破裂出血术后血清缺氧诱导因子1α（HIF-1α）、miR-210表达情况，并探讨其与脑血管痉挛（CVS）的关系。 方法选取禹城市人民医院神经外科自2015年1月至2018年12月收治的87例颅内动脉瘤破裂急诊自发性蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）并接受介入栓塞或开颅夹闭治疗的患者为研究对象，采用头颅X线、CT及全脑数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查判断CVS的发生情况，并评估其严重程度。术后3、7 d采用ELISA法检测血清HIF-1α表达情况，采用qRT-PCR法检测血清miR-210表达情况。分析颅内动脉瘤破裂出血患者术后血清HIF-1α、miR-210表达的关系，采用ROC曲线分析颅内动脉瘤破裂出血患者术后3 d血清HIF-1α、miR-210水平对CVS的诊断价值。 结果87例颅内动脉瘤破裂出血患者出现术后CVS者37例（42.53%），其中轻度CVS 10例（11.49%），中度19例（21.84%），重度8例（90.20%）；术后3、7 d，与无CVS组患者相比，不同程度CVS患者血清中的HIF-1α、miR-210水平均显著升高（P<0.05），且CVS程度越重，血清HIF-1α、miR-210表达水平越高，不同程度CVS患者术后3、7 d时血清HIF-1α、miR-210水平均显著高于术前（P<0.05），术后7 d时血清HIF-1α、miR-210水平均显著低于术后3 d，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；颅内动脉瘤破裂出血术后3、7 d患者血清HIF-1α水平与miR-210水平均呈正相关（r=0.381、0.631，P<0.05）；术后3 d血清HIF-1α、miR-210水平及HIF-1α+miR-210联合诊断颅内动脉瘤破裂出血患者CVS的曲线下面积分别为0.834、0.769、0.900，二者联合诊断CVS的敏感度为93.06%，准确度为87.36%，均高于单项指标检测。 结论颅内动脉瘤破裂出血术后血清HIF-1α、miR-210水平可有效预示CVS的发生，二者可能成为CVS发生、发展的重要生物学指标。     

大脑中动脉动脉瘤的显微外科治疗

目的 探讨大脑中动脉（MCA）动脉瘤的解剖特点、临床特征、影像学表现、显微手术技巧及临床疗效.方法 回顾分析43例MCA动脉瘤显微外科治疗患者的临床资料,41例有动脉瘤破裂出血的临床表现,按Hunt-Hess分级：0～Ⅰ级6例,Ⅱ级16例,Ⅲ级11例,Ⅳ级9例,Ⅴ级1例.64排螺旋CT血管造影（CTA）确诊,动脉瘤位于MCA主干3例,分叉部39例,远端1例.43例均行显微手术治疗,对多发动脉瘤采取早期与择期、一期与分期相结合的方法处理动脉瘤,原则是先处理破裂动脉瘤,再处理未破裂动脉瘤.结果 动脉瘤夹闭39例,动脉瘤夹闭＋包裹3例,夹闭一侧动脉瘤、另一侧动脉瘤未处理1例.预后：优良34例,轻残5例,重残2例,死亡2例.结论 显微外科手术治疗MCA动脉瘤效果显著.熟悉MCA动脉瘤的解剖特征有助于减少术中血管损伤和术后神经功能障碍;对合并脑内血肿的MCA动脉瘤,应急诊手术清除血肿并夹闭动脉瘤.     

烟雾病行STA—MCA分流术前后脑血流的TCD检测

目的应用经颅多普勒超声（TCD）动态观察烟雾病（MMD）行颞浅动脉一大脑中动脉（STA—MCA）分流术前、后脑血流的变化,探讨TCD对MMD治疗效果评估的价值。方法18例MMD患者在实施STA—MCA手术前、后分别行床边TCD检查。对患者手术前后大脑中动脉（MCA）主干峰值流速（Vp）、舒张末期流速（Vd）、平均流速（Vm）以及血管搏动指数（PI）、频谱形态、音频信号进行检测,并对手术前、后的数值进行对比分析。结果术前MCA主干血流速度异常增高者,频谱紊乱,音频信号粗糙或乐性杂音,术后血流速度降至正常范围或接近正常范围,频谱形态规则,音频信号清晰柔和。术前MCA主干血流速度降低者,为低脉动型,波浪型频谱,术后血供增加,血流速度升高至正常范围,频窗清晰。对比手术前、后Vm的数值,差异均具有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论TCD可以实时动态的检测MMD患者行STA—MCA分流术前、后脑血流动力学的变化,为MMD治疗方法的选择和术后疗效评价提供客观依据。     

经动脉局部灌注尼莫地平防治动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛临床研究

目的探讨经动脉局部灌注尼莫地平防治动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（aSAH）后脑血管痉挛（CVS）的可行性,以减少CVS的发生,降低致残率、病死率。方法 33例病人随机分为2组,治疗组17例常规静脉及口服尼莫地平治疗,同时栓塞治疗术后保留动脉鞘,利用单弯导管分别经双侧颈内动脉灌注尼莫地平,总量20mg,持续20h。对照组16例常规静脉及口服尼莫地平治疗。利用TCD探测2组患者栓塞术前及术后1d、3d、7d、14d5个时间点双侧大脑中动脉平均血流速度（Vm-MCA）,以了解脑血管痉挛情况。结果 2组病人在术后1d、3d、7d探测的Vm-MCA具有显著差异,经动脉局部灌注尼莫地平治疗组CVS发生率明显低于对照组。结论 对于Hunt-Hess分级Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级,前循环动脉瘤破裂出血的重症患者,经动脉局部灌注尼莫地平对降低aSAH后CVS的发生率有效。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者血清可溶性黏附分子-1含量动态变化的研究

目的研究动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)患者血清可溶性黏附分子1(sCAM1)的动态变化规律。方法用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)对30例动脉瘤性SAH患者术前、术后1～3d、7～9d、11～13d血清sCAM1进行动态观察,用经颅多普勒检测大脑中动脉血流速度(VMCA),并与20名健康对照者进行比较。结果动脉瘤性SAH患者血清sCAM在术后1～3d、7～9d各均值明显高于正常对照组(均P<0.05),尤以术后7～9d最明显;Fiaher、Hunt不同分级患者血中CAM1浓度以出血量大、病情重升高明显(P<0.05,P<0.01);脑血管痉挛(CVS)程度重者sCAM1浓度升高明显(P<0.05);术前、术后CVS组和非CVS组差异有显著性(均P<0.05)。结论动脉瘤性SAH患者血清sCAM含量与病程、病情及CVS程度有关。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者认知功能研究

目的通过对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者认知功能的动态评估,探讨认知功能变化的临床意义。方法选择颅内前循环动脉瘤100例,并经血管内治疗或开颅夹闭处理。在入院时、出院时和出院后2月以简易智能量表等评估患者的认知功能。结果100例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者认知功能损害率入院时37.0%,出院时60.0%,出院后2月38.0%;出院时认知功能损害率高于入院时（P〈0.01）和出院后2月（P〈0.01）;认知功能损害主要反应在注意力和计算力、短程记忆和反应速度等方面;血管内治疗组和开颅夹闭组出院时和出院2月时认知功能损害率均差异显著（P〈0.05）。结论动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者在不同时间段存在不同程度的认知功能损害,前瞻性预防和外科处理措施的改进能提高该类患者的生活质量。     

双源CTA与DSA诊断颅内动脉瘤的对比分析

目的对比分析双源CT血管成像(CTA)及DSA对颅内动脉瘤的检测效果,评估双源CTA对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值。方法 2015年6月至2016年6月收治自发性蛛网膜下腔出血40例,均在入院1周内完善头部双源CTA及DSA检查。结果双源CTA及DSA均检出动脉瘤44个,两种方法显示动脉瘤部位一致,两种检查方法显示动脉瘤大小无统计学差异(P0.05)。DSA显示微小动脉瘤5个,接近颅底部位的颈内动脉C3~C5段动脉瘤4个;双源CTA对颈内动脉C3~C5段动脉瘤的检出率为100%,对微小动脉瘤的检出率为100%。结论双源CTA检查快捷、简单、准确,为颅内动脉瘤的一种快速检查方法。     

Endovascular Treatment of Wide-Necked Intracranial Aneurysms : Techniques and Outcomes in 15 Patients

Objective

It is technically difficult to treat wide-necked intracranial aneurysms by the endovascular method. Various tools and techniques have been introduced to overcome the related technical limitations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiologic and clinical results of wide-necked intracranial aneurysm treatment using the endovascular method.

Methods

Fifteen aneurysms in 15 patients were treated by the endovascular method from October 2009 to August 2010. Seven patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), seven patients had unruptured aneurysms, and one patient had an intracerebral hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage due to an incompletely clipped aneurysm. The mean dome-to-neck ratio was 1.1 (range, 0.6-1.7) and the mean height-to-neck ratio was 1.1 (range, 0.6-2.0). We used double microcatheters instead of a stent or a balloon for the first trial. When we failed to make a stable coil frame with two coils, we used a stent-assisted technique.

Results

All aneurysms were successfully embolized. Eleven aneurysms (73%) were embolized by the double microcatheter technique without stent insertion, and four aneurysms (27%) were treated by stent-assisted coil embolization. One case had subclinical procedure-related intraoperative hemorrhage. Another case had procedure-related thromboembolism in the left distal anterior cerebral artery. During the follow-up period, one patient (7%) had a recanalized aneurysmal neck 12 months after coil embolization. The recurrent aneurysm was treated by stent-assisted coil embolization.

Conclusion

We successfully treated 15 wide-necked intracranial aneurysms by the endovascular method. More clinical data with longer follow-up periods are needed to establish the use of endovascular treatment for wide-necked aneurysm.     

Impact of the lunar cycle on the incidence of intracranial aneurysm rupture: Myth or reality?

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of the lunar cycle and season on the incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The medical records of 111 patients who were admitted over a 5-year period to our department because of aneurysmal SAH were retrospectively reviewed. The date of aneurysm rupture was matched with the corresponding season and moon phase. RESULTS: An incidence peak for aneurysm rupture (28 patients) was seen during the phase of new moon, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001). In contrast, no seasonal variation in the incidence of SAH was observed. CONCLUSION: The lunar cycle seems to affect the incidence of intracranial aneurysm rupture, with the new moon being associated with an increased risk of aneurysmal SAH.     

血管内治疗颅内动脉瘤术后发生急性脑积水的危险因素及处理

目的 可能危险因素进行Logistic多元回归分析.结果 Hunt-Hess分级和早期腰池持续置管引流为颅内动脉瘤血管内介入治疗后并发急性脑积水的最重要影响因素.结论 颅内动脉瘤血管内介入治疗后早期选择腰大池蛛网膜下腔持续引流,可预防急性脑积水发生,该方法可避免脑室穿刺,起到治疗急性脑积水的作用.     

覆膜支架血管内治疗颅内动脉瘤:附九例报告

目的探讨覆膜支架治疗颅内动脉瘤的适应证和临床疗效。方法经脑血管造影检查明确诊断的9例颅内动脉瘤患者(4例颈内动脉海绵窦段宽颈动脉瘤未破裂、5例椎动脉颅内段梭形或夹层动脉瘤破裂致蛛网膜下隙出血),动脉瘤直径4～16mm,均接受Jostent覆膜支架治疗。结果共计植入9枚Jostent覆膜支架,均获技术成功,支架顺利到达病变部位且释放后动脉瘤颈即刻覆盖完全,动脉瘤不显影,载瘤动脉血流通畅,达到即刻影像学满意效果。随访9～24个月,5例患者(2例颈内动脉、3例椎动脉)脑血管造影检查颈内动脉支架段血流通畅、无狭窄(2例),椎动脉支架段血管呈无症状性闭塞(2例)或支架内轻度狭窄(1例),动脉瘤均未显影;其余4例未行脑血管造影患者门诊随访。9例患者手术后均恢复正常生活与工作,无一例死亡或永久性病残。结论覆膜支架治疗颈内动脉海绵窦段宽颈大动脉瘤、椎动脉颅内段梭形或夹层动脉瘤疗效较好,值得在有手术适应证的患者中推荐使用。     

Prophylactic volume expansion therapy for the prevention of delayed cerebral ischemia after early aneurysm surgery. Results of a preliminary trial

From June 1986 to June 1987, 47 consecutive patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms were treated with immediate aneurysm surgery and prophylactic volume expansion therapy for ten to 14 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Twenty-four patients were admitted within three days of SAH. Twenty-three of these patients had an excellent result, and one patient died. There were no cases of delayed cerebral infarction. In 18 of 23 patients admitted more than three days after SAH, there was an excellent result. The other five patients had permanent morbidity related to the original SAH. These preliminary data suggest that immediate aneurysm surgery and aggressive postoperative prophylactic volume expansion in all patients can substantially reduce rebleeding and delayed cerebral ischemia, potential causes of morbidity, after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A more extensive prospective trial of this approach will be required to test this hypothesis.     

The relationship of blunt head trauma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and rupture of pre-existing intracranial saccular aneurysms

Patients with a history of closed head trauma and subarachnoid hemorrhage are uncommonly diagnosed with an intracranial saccular aneurysm. This study presents a group of patients in whom a pre-existing aneurysm was discovered during work-up for traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Without an accurate pre-trauma clinical history, it is difficult to define the relationship between trauma and the rupture of a pre-existing intracranial saccular aneurysm. We retrospectively reviewed 130 patients who presented to Detroit Receiving Hospital between 1993 and 1997 with a diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Of these 130 patients, 70 were spontaneous, and 60 had a history of trauma. Mechanisms of trauma include motor vehicle accident, assault, or fall from a height. Of the 60 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and a history of trauma, 51 (86%) did not undergo conventional four-vessel angiography, and had no further neurological sequelae. Nine patients (14%) had a suspicious quantity of blood within the basal cisterns or Sylvian fissure and had a four-vessel angiogram. Five patients (8%) were diagnosed with a saccular intracranial aneurysm, and all underwent surgical clipping of the aneurysm. We conclude that the majority of patients (92%), with post-traumatic SAH do not harbor intracranial aneurysms. However, during initial evaluation, a high level of suspicion must be entertained when post-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage is encountered in the basal cisterns or Sylvian fissure, as 8% of our population were diagnosed with aneurysms.     

DSA联合血清SICAM-1评估颅内破裂动脉瘤术后脑血管痉挛的效果

目的探讨DSA联合可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(SICAM-1)评估颅内破裂动脉瘤术后脑血管痉挛(CVS)的效果。方法选择56例颅内破裂动脉瘤急诊术后病人作为研究对象,DSA测定脑血管直径判断CVS程度,结合Hunt-Hess分级,分析CVS与SICAM-1浓度关系。结果 56例中,30例无CVS,9例轻度CVS,10例中度CVS,7例重度CVS。重度CVS血清SICAM-1最高浓度出现在术后4~5 d,其余3组均出现在术后1~3 d。无CVS、轻度CVS、中度CVS与重度CVS血清SICAM-1浓度分别为(273.47±86.54)、(393.47±79.85)、(532.79±69.7)、(664.64±98.71)ng/ml,随着CVS加重,血清SICAM-1浓度显著增高(P0.01)。结论脑动脉瘤破裂出血术后行DSA检查联合血清SICAM-1浓度监测可有效预示疾病进展,实现CVS动态观察,可作为CVS发作、进展的危险性评估指标。     

Recurrent Subarachnoid Hemorrhage after Complete Obliteration of Intracranial Aneurysm

The authors report a case of recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) after complete occlusion of an intracranial aneurysm. It is known that regrowth of an aneurysm after the complete clipping is a rare event. For detection of recurrence, however, it may be necessary to follow up with the patient regularly after the initial operation for intracranial aneurysms, because re-rupture of an aneurysm can cause a fatal result, and the cumulative risk of a recurrent SAH is thought to be not low over time.