漏斗胸合并先天性心脏病的外科治疗

我们自 1985年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 12月 ,共收治先天性漏斗胸 13 0例 ,先天性心脏病 74 13例 ,其中漏斗胸合并先天性心脏病 5例 (占先天性心脏病 0 0 67% ,占漏斗胸 3 85 % )。并对 5例漏斗胸合并先天性心脏病的患者行同期手术治疗 ,现报告如下。1.临床资料与方法 :5例中男 2例 ,女 3例 ;平均年龄 8岁 ( 5～ 19岁 ) ;2例继发孔型房间隔缺损 ,2例室间隔缺损 ,1例法乐四联症 ;均同期进行了胸骨翻转术和体外循环下心内直视纠治术。术前漏斗胸经体检与胸部Ｘ线 ,先天性心脏病经超声心动图或右心导管检查明确诊断。患者全麻下 ,行胸部正中切口。…     

体外循环心内直视手术对小儿免疫功能的影响

20 0 2年 3月至 12月 ,我们动态监测 2 0例体外循环(CPB)心内直视手术病儿的外周血T细胞亚群和免疫球蛋白(Ig) ,现将结果报道如下。资料和方法　本组中男 12例 ,女 8例 ;年龄 18月～ 6岁 ,平均 3 7岁。体重 8 5～ 19 5kg ,平均 13 5kg。室间隔缺损 15例 ,房间隔缺损 3例 ,房间隔缺损伴肺动脉瓣狭窄 2例。应用Sarns80 0 0型体外循环机 ,Dideco70 5膜式氧合器 ,浅低温 ,中度血液稀释下完成心内直视手术。分别与术前、术毕、术后第 2、7、10d采血 ,间接免疫荧光法测定T淋巴细胞 (CD3)、T辅助细胞 (CD4 ) ,T抑制细胞 (CD8)含量 ,试剂…     

心内直视杂交封堵肌部多发室间隔缺损

目的总结心内直视杂交封堵肌部多发室间隔缺损（室缺）的经验。方法 2006年4月～2009年12月,行21例心内直视杂交封堵肌部多发室间隔缺损术。男15例,女6例。3例年龄分别为4、7和15岁;余18例平均手术年龄8个月（2～11个月）,平均体重5.8 kg（4～8 kg）。19例伴心内外畸形,包括膜周室缺、肌部流入道室缺、肺动脉瓣下室缺、房间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭、二尖瓣反流、主动脉缩窄、三尖瓣反流、冠状动脉畸形和先天性房室传导阻滞等。心内直视杂交封堵解剖纠治方法：主动脉及上下腔静脉插管,浅低温体外循环（肛温32～34℃）,阻断主动脉,右心房切口,经由房间隔径路探及肌部室间隔缺损,经缺损右室面过导引钢丝及鞘管,导入封堵器行肌部室缺封堵器封堵。伴心内畸形者,行同期纠治。结果手术无死亡,食道彩超无影响心功能的明显残余分流。1例术后发生肺动脉高压危象,术后3天延迟关胸。术后随访6个月～3年,无死亡,2例术后心尖部小缺损开放,7例封堵器边缘残留少量左向右分流。全组左心室射血分数0.64±0.04,左心室缩短率35%±4%,心功能正常。结论心内直视杂交封堵肌部多发室间隔缺损,可避免传统手术纠治需心室切口、心室内肌束切开和残余分流率高、对心功能影响大的缺点;且可缩短体外循环时间,并同期纠治伴发畸形,手术简便、安全,尤其适用于婴幼儿,可获得较佳近中期疗效。     

右胸前外侧小切口心内直视术102例

目的　总结选择性应用右胸前外侧小切口在体外循环 (CPB)下行心内直视手术的临床经验。　方法　对10 2例先天性心脏病及风湿性二尖瓣病变患者均采用右胸前外侧小切口进行心内直视手术。　结果　全组无手术死亡 ,术后 6例发生少量胸腔积液 ,出院时自然吸收 ,无其它并发症发生。术后胸腔引流量 4 0～ 32 0 ml,平均 14 0 .0±2 1.5 ml,较同期同类手术患者胸腔引流量少。　结论　右胸前外侧小切口行心内直视手术是一种安全可靠的微创手术 ,易掌握 ,但不适用于复杂的心内直视手术。     

腋下切口心脏直视手术378例

目的探讨胸部腋下切口心脏直视手术效果.方法1995年3月～2004年10月,我院选择性经腋下切口进行心内直视手术378例,其中81例房间隔缺损、32例室间隔缺损、其他病种16例未阻断升主动脉,在心脏跳动下手术,余249例在低温、心脏停跳下完成手术.结果全组手术顺利,手术时间(167±2.0)min,体外循环时间(28.1±16.6)min,右室双腔心术后急性喉水肿气管切开1例,法洛四联症术后低心排综合征死亡1例,脑栓塞1例,切口脂肪液化2例,余术后恢复良好.366例随访2个月～10年,平均5.1年,均能参加正常活动.室间隔缺损残余分流1例,脑栓塞1例完全恢复.结论胸部腋下切口心脏直视手术具有创伤小、恢复快、简便、安全、美容效果好等优点,值得临床推广应用.     

右腋下小切口体外循环心内直视手术270例

目的总结右腋下小切口在常见先天性心脏病手术中的应用经验。方法回顾性分析济宁医学院附属医院2009年10月至2011年6月采用右腋下小切口经第4肋间进胸,在体外循环下施行心内畸形矫治手术270例患者的临床资料,其中男132例,女138例;年龄3个月～9岁(3.0±1.6)岁,行室间隔缺损(VSD)修补术132例,房间隔缺损(ASD)修补术50例,ASD修补术+部分型肺静脉异位引流(PAPVC)矫治术12例,部分型房室管畸形(PECD)矫治术15例,VSD+ASD修补术26例,法洛四联症根治术35例。结果全组无手术死亡,无二次开胸止血,平均住院时间9 d,平均住ICU 1.6 d。发生右肺不张3例,右侧气胸2例,阵发性室上性心动过速1例,Ⅱ°房室传导阻滞1例。术后全部患者均获得随访,随访时间1～16个月,随访期间3例VSD术后发生小于2 mm的残余漏,其余患者恢复良好。结论对具有该术式适应证的患者经右腋下小切口行心内直视手术,有安全可靠、创伤小、美观等优点。     

小婴儿危重复杂先天性心脏病的外科治疗

目的　评估小婴儿危重复杂先天性心脏病体外循环心内直视手术的治疗效果。方法　回顾分析我院 2 0 0 0年 1月至 2 0 0 4年 1月外科治疗 187例年龄小于 6个月的危重复杂先天性心脏病的临床资料。病儿年龄 3d～ 6个月 ,平均 (4 15± 2 32 )个月 ;体重 3～ 7kg ,平均 (4 4 2± 0 5 6 )kg。包括室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压、完全性大血管错位、主动脉缩窄合并心内畸形、完全性肺静脉异位引流、法洛四联症 ,完全性房室隔缺损、室间隔完整的肺动脉闭锁、三房心、重度肺动脉狭窄、右旋心合并心内畸形、新生儿心脏横纹肌瘤等。结果　术后死亡 9例 ,死亡率 4 81%。术后并发低心排出量综合征、残余分流、肺炎肺不张、肺出血等。平均机械通气 (17 5± 9 7)h。平均术后ICU停留时间为 (4 9± 1 5 )d。随访 4～ 4 8个月 ,生存病儿心功能良好 ,生长发育明显加快。结论　随着小儿心脏外科技术的发展 ,小婴儿危重复杂先天性心脏病的体外循环手术是可行的。     

儿童体外循环手术不输异体血的体会

为解决血源紧张、避免血源性感染 ,我们自 1997年 8月至 1998年 8月选择性的在 88例先天性心脏病病儿心内直视手术中 ,实施自体血回输 ,围术期不输异体血及血制品 ,获得了较好效益。现报道如下。临床资料　全组病儿 88例 ,男 5 0例 ,女 38例 ;年龄 3～13岁 ,平均 (6 6 5± 1 2 8)岁 ;体重 13 5～ 45ｋｇ ,平均 (2 5 2 4±3 43)岁。室间隔缺损 5 4例 ,其中 3例合并动脉导管未闭 ,2例合并肺动脉狭窄 ;法洛四联症 19例 ;继发孔型房间隔缺损11例 ;法洛三联症 4例。右前外侧小切口开胸手术 6 3例 ,胸骨正中切口手术 2 5例。方法　机器预充用平…     

胸骨下段小切口行心内直视手术60例

1998年 12月至 1999年 12月我们采用胸骨下段小切口施行体外循环下心内直视手术 6 0例 ,取得了良好的效果。临床资料　本组 6 0例病人 ,男 2 8例 ,女 32例。年龄 11个月～ 12岁 ,平均 (4 8± 1 2 )岁。体重 9～ 32ｋｇ ,平均(15 3± 4 4)ｋｇ。其中单纯室间隔缺损 (ＶＳＤ) 2 8例 ,房间隔缺损 (ＡＳＤ) 2 4例 ,室间隔缺损合并右室流出道狭窄 (ＶＳＤ ＲＶＯＴＳ) 4例 ,法洛四联症 (ＴＯＦ) 4例。病儿术前均经彩色超声心动图、心脏Ｘ线三位像及心电图明确诊断。手术应用静脉和吸入复合麻醉 ,取下 1 2～ 2 3胸部正中切口 ,依据病儿体重及身…     

心内直视术后患儿的监护要点

先天性心脏病。手术后由于血液动力学的改变 ,易引起心律失常、低心排综合征等并发症 ,术后监护非常关键。我院于 1 998年 3月至 2 0 0 0年 1 2月治疗小儿先天性心脏病 63例 ,监护要点介绍如下。1　临床资料63例中 ,男 30例、女 33例。年龄 3～ 1 5岁 ,平均 6.9岁。体重 1 2～ 62 kg,平均 1 9.8kg。其中室间隔缺损 43例 ,房间隔缺损 4例 ,室间隔缺损合并房间隔缺损 8例 ,室间隔缺损合并动脉导管未闭 3例 ,右室双腔心 2例 ,部分型心内膜垫缺损 1例 ,法洛三联症 1例 ,法洛四联症 1例。均在全麻体外循环下行心内直视手术 ,术后入 ICU监护。 6…     

2015年乳腺癌辅助化疗进展

【摘要】〓乳腺癌是危害我国女性健康的头号杀手,尽管近年来辅助化疗的研究进展突飞猛进,但临床中仍有不少问题未能明确,如辅助化疗的合适人群、化疗的开始时间、蒽环及紫杉类的地位和用法、强化维持治疗的作用、疗效及预后的生物标志物等。本文结合乳腺癌辅助化疗在临床上的常见问题和2015年各大乳腺癌会议阐述乳腺癌辅助化疗的最新进展。     

Alterations in T-Cell Subset Frequency in Peripheral Blood in Obesity

Background: Obesity affects the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. This study characterizes differences in peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotype in obese humans. Methods: Frequencies of lymphocyte subsets among peripheral blood mononuclear cells were compared between 10 obese (BMI ≥35) and 10 lean subjects, as determined by antibodies directed against cluster differentiation (CD) markers. Results: Obese patients demonstrated an increased frequency of CD3+CD4+ T-cells (mean difference 12%, P=0.004), a decreased frequency of CD3+CD8+ T-cells (mean difference 9.4%, P=0.016) and an increased frequency of CD3+CD8+CD95+ T-cells (mean difference 13.3%, P=0.032). No other differences among T-cell or monocyte subsets were noted. Conclusions: Obesity is associated with alterations in frequencies of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and aberrations in the expression of CD95 among CD8+ T-cells. These data suggest both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell compartments, as well as the regulation of CD95 expression on CD8+ T-cells, as targets for further study into obesity's effects on the immune system.     

西宁地区烧伤病人动脉血气分析观察

对高海拔地区的27例烧伤病人动脉血气变化进行了分析和观察。结果证明:无论是存活病人还是死亡病人伤后均存在有低氧血症问题。并且在死亡病人和烧伤合并吸入性损伤病人其低氧血症的发生早于单纯烧伤病人。提示:吸入性损伤病人应立即行气管切开术以保障氧气供给,单纯烧伤病人可常规吸氧以维持正常血 PaO_2,ARDS 均发生在合并吸入性损伤的病人,高频喷射通气技术对纠正低氧血症有一定效果。     

Controversies in Fistula in Ano

Managing a complex fistula in ano can be a daunting task for most surgeons; largely due to the two major dreaded complications—recurrence & fecal incontinence. It is important to understand the anatomy of the anal sphincters & the aetiopathological process of the disease to provide better patient care. There are quite a few controversies associated with fistula in ano & its management, which compound the difficulty in treating fistula in ano. This article attempts to clear some of those major controversies.     

β-半乳糖苷酶在体内外成骨细胞中的表达

目的 研究β—半乳糖苷酶(β—gal)在成骨细胞中的表达状况，为阐明MorquioB综合征的发病机制提供依据。方法 裸鼠各器官和骨组织标本行X-gal染色检测。抽取羊和人骨髓行骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)培养，分为4组：I：Adv-hBMP-2转染组；Ⅱ：Adv—β—gal转染组；Ⅲ：未转染组；Ⅳ：地塞米松诱导组。分别行X-gal染色和RT-PCR检测β—gal的表达。结果 裸鼠骺板两侧、骨膜内面及松质骨的成骨细胞和破骨细胞可见多量β—gal的表达。未转染BMSCs组有少量β—gal的表达，其他3组细胞的β—gal表达增高。结论成骨细胞和破骨细胞可表达多量β—gal，该两种细胞的β—gal缺乏可能是MorquioB综合征骨骼异常的直接原因。     

Smoking-Attributable mortality in Spain in 2016

IntroductionSmoking-attributable mortality (SAM) is a valuable indicator that can be used to characterize the course and health burden of the smoking epidemic. The aim of this paper was to estimate SAM in Spain in 2016 in the population aged 35 and over, using the best available evidence.MethodsA smoking prevalence-dependent analysis based on the estimation of population-attributable fractions was performed. Smoking prevalence (never, former, and current smokers) was calculated from a combination of the Spanish Health Survey (2016) and the European Health Survey (2014); the relative risk of death among current and former smokers was taken from the follow-up of various cohorts; and mortality rates were obtained from National Center for Statistics data. SAM estimates are presented globally, and by sex, age groups, and major disease categories: cancer, cardiometabolic diseases and respiratory diseases.ResultsIn 2016, 56,124 deaths were attributed to tobacco consumption, 84% in men (47,000), and 50% in the population aged over 74 (27,795). Overall, 50% of SAM was due to cancer (28,281), 65% of which was lung cancer. One in 4 attributable deaths (13,849) occurred before the age of 65.ConclusionsOne in 7 deaths in Spain in 2016 were attributable to smoking. This estimation of SAM clearly highlights the great impact of smoking on mortality in Spain, mainly due to lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.     

MicroRNAs in hepatic pathophysiology in diabetes

MicroRNAs(miRNAs or miRs) are small approximately 22 nucleotide RNA species that are believed to regulate diverse metabolic and physiological processes.In the recent past,several reports have surfaced that demonstrate the role of miRNAs in various biological processes and numerous disease states.For a disease as complex as diabetes,the emergence of miRNAs as key regulators leading to the disease phenotype has added a novel dimension to the area of diabetes research.On the other hand,the liver,a metabolic hub,contributes in a major way towards maintaining normal glucose levels in the body as it can both stimulate and inhibit hepatic glucose output.This equilibrium is frequently disturbed in diabetes and hence,the liver assumes special significance considering the correlation between altered hepatic physiology and diabetes.While the understanding of the mechanisms behind this altered hepatic behavior is not yet completely understood,recent reports on the status and role of miRNAs in the diabetic liver have further added to the complexities of the knowledge of hepatic pathophysiology in diabetes.Here,we bring together the various miRNAs that play a role in the altered hepatic behavior during diabetes.     

Fluid-phase transcytosis in the primate epididymis in vitro and in vivo

Ligated tubules from the corpus epididymidis of men and monkeys were incubated in medium containing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a marker for fluid-phase endocytosis. HRP was localized by light and electron microscopy after 0, 15, 30 and 60 min of incubation. Movement between the cells was prevented by tight junctions, but bypass of this barrier was apparently achieved by an intracellular vesicular mechanism leading to a time-dependent appearance of HRP in the lumen. Uptake of HRP into basal cells and capture by the lysosomal apparatus of principal cells were also observed. HRP-filled vesicles also appeared in the basal, mid and apical cytoplasm of epithelial cells in the caput 1 h after injection of the tracer into the epididymal circulation of the monkey, suggesting that this pathway also operates in vivo.