自制抗生素骨水泥珠链治疗医源性慢性骨髓炎

目的：探讨抗生素骨水泥珠链植入结合外固定架固定治疗医源性慢性骨髓炎的疗效。方法：本组50例患者,先取出内固定物,清创后植入抗生素骨水泥珠链,Ⅰ期闭合伤口;行外固定架固定：Ⅱ期取出抗生素骨水泥珠链,取髂骨植骨。结果：随访11-40个月（21．51±4．52月）。46例伤口Ⅰ期愈合,植骨患者32例植骨全部愈合。结论：彻底清创、抗生素骨水泥珠链植入结合外固定架固定及Ⅱ期植骨是治疗感染性骨折不愈合简单而有效的方法。     

扩髓灌洗联合抗生素骨水泥涂层髓内钉内固定治疗胫骨骨折髓内钉内固定术后感染

目的探讨扩髓灌洗并更换成含抗生素骨水泥涂层髓内钉内固定治疗胫骨骨折髓内钉内固定术后感染的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2012-06—2018-12诊治的10例胫骨骨折髓内钉内固定术后感染,术中扩大髓腔进行髓腔灌洗、彻底清创,然后更换成含抗生素骨水泥涂层髓内钉一期内固定胫骨骨折。3例经窦道清创切除感染骨后用抗生素骨水泥填充骨缺损,8周后取出骨水泥并行自体松质骨颗粒植骨。结果 10例术后均获得随访,随访时间平均28(12~48)个月。所有患者术后感染均未复发,未再次骨折。7例无骨缺损者胫骨骨折愈合时间平均5(4.0~5.5)个月。3例骨缺损取自体髂骨植骨者骨折愈合时间分别为4、5、6个月,平均5个月。3例术后1年内出现髌前疼痛,经康复治疗后痊愈。结论扩髓灌洗并更换成含抗生素骨水泥涂层髓内钉内固定是胫骨骨折髓内钉内固定术后感染的有效治疗方法,治疗周期短,感染治愈率高,同时还有利于骨折愈合。     

开放植骨治疗严重胫骨感染性骨缺损

目的 介绍开放植骨治疗严重胫骨感染性骨缺损的方法 ,探讨与提高治愈率有关的因素.方法 26例感染性骨折不愈合或骨缺损患者,患处彻底清创,切除失活组织至骨折端点状出血,外固定架固定,一期或择期植入自体腓骨棒和(或)髂骨条,无张力缝合切口,油纱布覆盖.结果 4例于术后4～8周行游离植皮闭合创面,其余22例于术后7～22周瘢痕自行愈合,24例骨折于术后平均8个月愈合,10个月去除外固定物.结论 开放植骨术是治疗感染性骨折不愈合和骨缺损的简单、积极而有效的方法 ,感染并非植骨的绝对禁忌证.     

二期小切口自体植骨治疗胫骨中下段粉碎骨折

目的：观察二期小切口自体植骨治疗胫骨中下段粉碎骨折的临床疗效。方法对15例胫骨中下段粉碎性骨折患者行一期外固定架固定,术后2～3个月行骨折端小切口取髂骨植骨。应用 Mazur 踝关节功能评分系统进行疗效评估。结果15例均获随访,时间8～12（10±2．2）个月。骨折均临床愈合,时间16～28（20．5±2．5）周。根据 Mazur 评分：优6例,良8例,可1例。结论一期外固定架固定、二期小切口自体植骨是治疗胫骨中下段粉碎骨折的有效方法。     

开放植骨治疗感染性骨折不愈合

目的介绍开放植骨治疗感染性骨折不愈合的手术方法,总结疗效,探讨提高治疗成功率的因素。方法126例感染性骨折不愈合或骨缺损患者,男98例,女28例;年龄15～71岁,平均35岁。胫骨骨折96例,股骨骨折12例,肱骨骨折5例,尺骨骨折6例,桡骨骨折2例,尺桡骨双骨折5例。骨缺损1.5～6.5cm,平均3.5cm。患处彻底清创,切除失活的软组织和骨组织,直至骨折端点状出血。对于轻度骨质疏松、稳定性骨折且预期病程短者可使用双臂单边单平面外固定架;对于明显骨质疏松、不稳定性骨折和(或)预期病程长者使用单臂双平面外固定架;对于严重骨质疏松者,使用单臂双平面外固定架固定并辅以石膏托外固定;邻近关节骨折,可考虑跨关节外固定架和(或)石膏固定。一期或择期植入带皮质的自体松质骨骨条,直径<5mm,开放伤口。术后严格无菌换药。静脉滴注敏感抗生素,平均用药11d。结果平均随访2.4年(8个月～4.5年)。术后平均8周移植骨质表面覆盖肉芽组织,14例于术后5周行游离植皮闭合创面,112例于术后平均10周瘢痕自行愈合。123例骨折于术后平均7个月愈合,9个月去除外固定;3例骨折未愈合。4例出现窦道,2例感染复发。结论开放植骨术是治疗感染性骨折不愈合和骨缺损的简单、积极而有效的方法。与传统方法相比,疗程缩短,手术次数减少。感染并非植骨     

开放性胫骨缺损富血小板血浆复合游离骨块回植

[目的]探讨开放性胫骨缺损富血小板血浆复合游离骨块回植的手术技术和初步临床效果。[方法]对15例开放性胫骨骨缺损患者采用富血小板血浆复合游离骨块回植治疗。一期急症行清创手术,取出较大的游离骨块,用外固定架固定胫骨骨折,骨缺损处用抗生素骨水泥填充,将取出的游离骨块寄养于同侧大腿中段股直肌与股外侧肌之间,术后抗感染对症治疗。创面愈合且无明显感染迹象后行二期手术,去除外固定架,改用钢板固定骨折,将寄养骨块取出后用咬骨钳咬碎成微粒状后与富血小板血浆（platelet-rich plasma, PRP）混合回植于骨缺损处。[结果] 15例患者均获得随访。随访时间12～24个月,术后无感染病例,骨折均顺利骨性愈合,愈合时间10～15个月。[结论]开放性胫骨缺损富血小板血浆复合游离骨块回植,具有操作简单,疗效可靠等优点,是治疗开放性骨缺损的一种简便有效方法。     

股骨远端感染性骨不连的外科治疗

目的:探讨股骨远端感染性骨不连的治疗方法。方法:手术彻底清创,取出无效内固定物,单臂外固定器固定骨折端,病灶内置管持续冲洗4～6周,全身配合应用敏感抗生素,加强支持治疗。结果:9例在术后8个月骨折愈合,1例在术后2个月感染控制,8个月后二次植骨骨折愈合,1例术后三个月感染控制,10个月后外固定针松动,骨折未愈合,去除外固定后行股骨带锁髓内钉固定,术后感染复发,经再次清创,闭式冲洗6周,应用敏感抗生素2个月后感染控制,8个月后骨折愈合。结论:股骨远端感染性骨不连的外科治疗应遵循:彻底清创,包括无效内固定物,坏死组织,小的无血运碎骨块;单臂外固定器固定是有效的;病灶内置管冲洗,全身应用敏感抗生素;对结构性骨缺损可考虑植骨,部分缺损不稳定者适当相嵌短缩骨折端增加稳定性,促进骨折愈合;注重心理治疗和支持治疗。     

抗生素骨水泥珠链联合负压封闭引流技术治疗慢性骨髓炎伴软组织缺损

目的 探讨抗生素骨水泥珠链联合负压封闭引流(VSD)技术治疗慢性骨髓炎伴软组织缺损的临床疗效. 方法 2007年7月至2010年6月共收治42例四肢慢性骨髓炎患者,男35例,女7例;年龄25 ～ 62岁,平均37.2岁.对所有患者局部行彻底清创、抗生素骨水泥珠链植入并同时行VSD治疗.7～10d后,打开创面,取出抗生素骨水泥珠链,再次清创.若创面清洁、肉芽组织新鲜,则行游离植皮或皮瓣移植覆盖创面;若创面欠清洁,再次抗生素骨水泥珠链植入并同时行VSD治疗,择期行植皮或皮瓣移植覆盖创面.结果 42例患者术后获6 ～ 26个月(平均13个月)随访.37例患者应用1次VSD治疗,5例患者应用2次VSD治疗;29例患者创面植皮,创面愈合良好;13例患者创面行带血管蒂游离皮瓣移植,皮瓣均存活.10例患者皮瓣切口一期愈合良好,3例患者皮瓣皮缘局部变黑、坏死,经2～3周换药后愈合.所有患者骨折均顺利愈合,5例骨缺损患者植骨后改为接骨板螺钉内固定,局部无感染复发.植皮及皮瓣移植前创面均未培养出细菌.术后l、2、3周白细胞、血沉及C反应蛋白均在正常范围内. 结论 彻底清创、抗生素骨水泥珠链植入联合VSD技术是治疗慢性骨髓炎伴软组织缺损简单而有效的方法.     

骨搬运治疗创伤早期Gustilo ⅢB型胫骨骨折伴骨缺损的疗效

目的 探讨应用单边可延长外固定架在创伤早期行骨搬运治疗GustiloⅢB型胫骨开放骨折伴骨缺损的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2016年6月至2021年6月收治的GustiloⅢB型胫骨开放骨折伴骨缺损患者20例,其中男12例,女8例;年龄21～56岁,平均(36.3±4.2)岁。手术方法：一期进行伤口清创,外固定架固定稳定骨折端,防治感染。二期于伤后14～35 d,平均(18.6±6.3)d更换单边延长外固定架,截骨、骨搬运,骨折愈合后拆除外固定架。结果 20例患者均获随访,随访时间18～36个月,平均(24.2±5.1)个月。骨折临床愈合时间平均(17.3±6.2)个月。末次随访时患肢采用Johner-Wruhs标准评价,优8例,良6例,差6例,优良率70%;Mazur踝关节功能评分,优7例,良6例,可4例,差3例,优良率65%。4例患者对接端不愈合,取髂骨植骨后愈合。3例针道感染,给予清创换药后愈合,无骨髓炎形成。结论 在创伤早期应用单边可延长外固定架行骨搬运治疗GustiloⅢB型胫骨骨折伴骨缺损,与传统采用清创内固定+植骨治疗方法相比,可以有效缩短治疗时间,减少手术次数,降低骨髓...     

病变切除外固定支架固定及膜诱导技术治疗胫骨骨折术后骨髓炎

目的 :研究病变切除外固定支架固定结合膜诱导技术治疗胫骨骨髓炎的临床疗效。方法 :自2011年6月至2014年6月手术治疗13例胫骨骨髓炎患者,其中男8例,女5例;年龄16~67岁,平均(37.3±14.3)岁。Ⅰ期病变切除,抗生素骨水泥植入,外固定支架固定,6~8周诱导膜形成后Ⅱ期手术取出骨水泥,植骨并利用膜诱导技术修复骨缺损促进骨质愈合。结果:随访24~52个月,13例感染无复发,骨质均获愈合,功能恢复良好。结论:采用病变切除外固定架固定及膜诱导技术治疗胫骨骨折术后骨髓炎可以取得很好的治疗效果。     

经皮自体骨髓移植治疗骨折不愈合的临床观察

目的：观察经皮自体骨髓移植治疗骨折不愈合的临床效果。方法：2001年6月至2007年12月,29例骨折不愈合采用经皮自体骨髓注射的方法治疗。男20例,女9例;年龄20～71岁,平均40岁。均为外伤性骨折,胫骨13例,股骨10例,肱骨3例,尺骨2例,桡骨1例,其中开放性11例。骨髓移植时所有患者经过手术内、外固定,髓内钉15例,钢板12例,外支架2例。病程6～12个月,平均8.5个月。骨不连类型：萎缩型26例,肥大型3例。所有病例予3次经皮自体骨髓注射,间隔1个月,骨髓注射量6～15ml。结果：29例全部获得随访,时间5～22个月,平均14个月。其中4例随访至第3次注射后3个月仍然未见明显骨痂形成,判定为治疗失败,改行自体植骨术（其中3例重新内固定）,随访结束。其余25例在3～8个月（平均4.5个月）内获得骨性愈合,到拆除固定时随访结束。结论：经皮自体骨髓移植是治疗骨折不愈合的有效手段,操作简单,经济安全。但是,稳定的内、外固定是自体骨髓移植的前提,骨缺损过多,骨折间隙〉5mm,骨不连且对线对位不良需要矫正者,不适宜采用该方法。     

Management of infected tibial intramedullary nailing using an organized treatment protocol

Twenty cases of osteomyelitis following intramedullary nailing of the tibial shaft fracture were managed with a prospective treatment protocol comprising intramedullary reaming debridement, antibiotic-bead depot, external skeletal fixation, microvascular muscle flap and early cancellous bone grafting. The follow-up period ranged from 25 to 48 months (average, 34.3 months). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (37.5%) and staphylococcus aureus (20.8%) were the organisms most commonly involved. There were 8 united and 12 ununited fractures after reaming debridement surgery. Nineteen infections were initially arrested by one debridement. One infection was arrested by two sequential debridements. All 12 ununited fractures were stabilized by Hoffmann unilateral external fixation until the fracture healed. The time spent in external fixation ranged from 3 to 7 months (average, 5.2 months). Early cancellous bone grafting was successfully accomplished for 9 ununited fractures with major debridement bone loss. The average union time of the 9 fractures with bone grafting was 7.2 months (range, from 6 to 8 months). We believe that this treatment protocol gives a predictable and rapid recovery. The complications were infection recurrence in two cases at the old tibial shaft fracture sites, minor pin tract infection of Hoffmann external fixators in two cases, and stiffness in two ankles and one knee.     

Treatment of open intraarticular distal femur fractures by Ilizarov fixator; an approach to improve the outcome with mid-term results

PurposeOpen comminuted intraarticular distal femur fracture represents a formidable challenge for the orthopaedic surgeon for the inherent fracture complexity, soft tissue damage, and contamination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mid-term outcome results and safety of using the Ilizarov fixator to treat these fractures.Patients and MethodsThe study included 22 fractures treated by debridement with reduction and stabilization by Ilizarov external fixator. The mean age was 35 years. Gustilo grade of open fracture was III-A (19 cases), III-B (2 cases), and III-C (1 case). Six fractures were AO-OTA type 33C2, and 16 cases were type 33C3. Eight patients had associated injuries. Bone and functional results were evaluated by Association for the Study and Application of the Method of Ilizarov (ASAMI) criteria, and Neer knee score. The statistical analysis was done using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows.ResultsSeven cases had autogenous bone grafting. The frame crossed the knee in 8 patients. The fixator was removed after a mean of 7 months with union in all cases, and without any malalignment >5°. Deep infection occurred in two cases. Quadriceps-plasty was needed for 3 cases. After a mean of 44 months, the last follow-up results showed full knee extension and a mean flexion of 107.59°. The ASAMI functional and bone results were good to excellent in all cases. Neer knee score averaged 86.59.ConclusionsIlizarov fixator was an effective treatment modality of open comminuted distal femur fractures with high union rate, adequate alignment and satisfactory functional outcomes.     

胫骨骨折手术治疗后不愈合的原因及预防

目的 探讨胫骨骨折因手术治疗所致不愈合的原因分析及预防方法。方法 对589例胫骨骨折（包括胫腓骨骨折）手术治疗，加压钢板内固定320例，其它固定方法269例，包括外固定架100例；其中121例行骨膜旋转移植，87例行带蒂或带血管复合组织皮瓣移植，112例行腓骨截骨术，97例行植骨术。结果 589例胫骨骨折仅13例发生骨不愈合，6例为坚硬的加压钢板取出后原骨折处再次发生骨折。其余均达骨性愈合，随访平均24个月。结论 正确选择内外固定装置及安放位置，保护好邻近骨膜并作骨膜放旋转移植，必要时作腓骨截骨术，胫骨中下段骨折常规植骨，胫骨骨不愈合和再骨折发生率是可以预防的。     

Role of locking plates in treatment of difficult ununited fractures: a clinical study

Objective:To present our experience in treatment of difficult ununited long bone fractures with locking plate.Methods:Retrospective evaluation of locking plate fixation in 10 difficult nonunions of lon...     

Coupled external fixator and skin flap transposition for treatment of exposed and nonunion bone

Objective: To discuss the effect of coupled external fixator and skin flap transposition on exposed and nonunion bones.Methods: The data of 12 cases of infected nonunion and exposed bone following open fracture treated in our hospital during the period of March 1998 to June 2008 were analysed. There were 10 male patients, 2 female patients,whose age were between 19-52 years and averaged 28 years.There were 10 tibial fractures and 2 femoral fractures. The course of diseases lasted for 12-39 months with the mean period of 19 months. All the cases were treated by the coupled external fixator and skin flap transposition.Results: Primary healing were achieved in 10 cases and delayed healing in 2 cases in whom the tibia was exposed due to soft tissue defect and hence local flap transposition was performed. All the 12 cases had bony union within 6-12 months afer operation with the average time of 8 months. They were followed up for 1-3 years and all fractures healed up with good function and no infection recurrence.Conclusion: The coupled external fixator and skin flap transposition therapy have shown optimal effects on treating infected, exposed and nonunion bones.     

股骨近端骨折髓内钉术后感染性骨不连的手术治疗

目的:探讨改良Ⅰ期手术治疗股骨近端骨折髓内钉术后感染性骨不连的方法和疗效。方法 :2010年6月至2015年6月采用改良Ⅰ期清创修复的手术方法治疗股骨近端骨折髓内钉术后感染性骨不连患者10例,其中男9例,女1例;年龄35~77岁。单纯股骨转子间骨折3例,股骨转子间合并股骨近端骨折2例,股骨转子下骨折5例。在彻底清创的基础上以股骨近端LISS钢板重新固定骨折端,用吻合血管游离腓骨移植加混有抗生素人工骨的自体松质骨植骨修复大段骨缺损,术后及早开始不负重关节功能锻炼。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间9~30个月。10例患者骨折均顺利愈合,随访期间无内固定断裂失效及感染复发病例,完全负重时间12~28周。末次随访采用Sanders创伤后髋关节评分标准评估术后髋关节功能:优7例,良2例,差1例。结论:改良Ⅰ期分次清创游离腓骨移植加载抗生素人工骨混合自体骨植骨LISS钢板固定的方法治疗股骨近端骨折髓内钉术后感染性骨不连,骨折愈合率高,髋关节功能恢复满意。在彻底清创的基础上综合运用控制感染与改善骨折愈合条件的各项措施是手术取得成功的关键。     

Endoscopically assisted allogeneic bone grafting for atrophic nonunion of femur and tibia

BackgroundThe nonunion rate for all fractures is about 5–10%. The treatment of nonunion is based on the biologic and mechanical factors contributing to the cause of the nonunion. Debridement and bone grafting are the standard procedures used to treat nonunion of fractures.PurposeWe evaluated the results of endoscopically assisted allogeneic bone grafting performed to treat the nonunion of tibial and femoral fractures.MethodsBetween May 2006 and January 2011, eight patients (two men and six women) with tibial or femoral fracture nonunion were enrolled into our study. The average age of the patients was 35.4 years (range, 24–56 years). All patients underwent endoscopically assisted allogeneic bone graft implantation. We recorded the union status, clinical symptoms, and complications in all patients.ResultsThe average time from the fracture to surgery was 14.4 months (range, 9–22 months). The average follow-up period was 19.1 months (range, 9–28 months). Seven patients achieved bone union and only one patient required additional surgery. The average time between surgery and bone union was 6.4 months (range, 4–8 months). No major complications were reported.ConclusionEndoscopically assisted allogeneic bone grafting is a less invasive and effective treatment for atrophic nonunion of fractures.