腹泻婴幼儿轮状病毒检测的调查分析

A群轮状病毒感染会导致婴幼儿急性腹泻，严重影响婴幼儿的健康。为了解婴幼儿腹泻A群轮状病毒感染情况，对2004年12月-2005年11月来我院就诊的急性腹泻患儿进行粪便快速A群轮状病毒检测。现报告如下：     

婴幼儿腹泻的防治

婴幼儿腹泻是由不同病毒、细菌或肠道寄生虫引起的临床综合征。此病之所以多见于婴幼儿，主要是因为婴幼儿的消化系统发育还不成熟，胃酸和消化酶的分泌较少，消化酶的活性较低，不易适应食物的质和量的较大变化；婴幼儿生长发育迅速，需要的营养物质相对较多，胃肠道的负担较大，消化器官经常处于紧张状态；婴幼儿神经系统对胃肠道的调节功能差，免疫功能不全，抵御感染的能力较低。婴幼儿腹泻的特点是：排便次数增多，大便性状改变（如水样便、脓血样便、黏液便），出现脱水、营养不良等并发症。此病的治疗主要从两方面入手：对症治疗控制…     

超短波佐治婴幼儿腹泻

腹泻为儿科常见疾病，四季均有发生，尤以夏秋季多见，大便次数增加，性质为水样，或黏液样便，腹泻严重者可致水电解质紊乱，甚至酸中毒，我们应用超短波佐治婴幼儿腹驾，疗效满意，报告如下。     

婴幼儿腹泻的护理体会

笔者对我科36例腹泻住院患儿的病因，发病机理、临床表现及治疗方法进行回顾分析，总结护理体会，以期达到熟练掌握其常规护理方法，进一步提高护理水平的目的。     

婴幼儿肺炎输液继发腹泻的诊治探讨

目的：探讨婴幼儿肺炎输液时年龄和液体疗法对继发腹泻的影响及预防措施。方法：分析295例住院小儿继发腹泻的临床特征及影响因素。结果：肺炎输液继发腹泻的发病率为49%,非条件logitic回归分析发病年龄与不合理液体疗法有显著关联。结论：1岁内婴儿,不合理液体疗法,可显著增加腹泻发病率。     

胡萝卜泥佐治婴幼儿腹泻125例

婴幼儿腹泻是由多种病原体、多种因素引起的，以大便次数增多和大便性状改变为特点的儿科常见病，6个月～2岁的婴幼儿患病率最高，是造成小儿营养不良、生长发育障碍和死亡的主要原因之一，秋季最为常见。2002年10月～2004年1月，我们应用胡萝卜泥佐治婴幼儿腹泻125例，取得了较好的疗效。     

思密达治疗50例婴幼儿腹泻疗效观察

婴幼儿腹泻是儿科夏秋季节的常见病、多发病，它包括病原微生物引起的肠炎和非感染性腹泻，是影响婴幼儿健康的最常见原因之一。我们在常规疗法基础上加用思密达治疗婴幼儿腹泻５８例，发现思密达能缩短治疗时间，提高疗效。１　资料和方法１１　病例选择　全部病例均有腹泻，大便每日数次至１０余次，病程０５～８ｄ。大便培养排除细菌性痢疾。患儿年龄１０日～２岁８个月。按随机方法将病例分成思密达组和对照组，思密达组５８例，对照组４７例。病情按１９９１年部颁标准［１］分为轻、重度，思密达组轻度３８例，重度２０例，其中大…     

夏季应防婴幼儿腹泻

婴幼儿腹泻是由多种原因引起的胃肠道疾病,是婴幼儿时期的常见病。本病夏秋季多发,患儿除有腹泻、呕吐症状外,严重的还有水及电解质紊乱的表现。婴幼儿腹泻的常见原因有二:一是感染。肠道内感染的病菌多为致病性大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、空肠弯曲菌、霉菌等;肠道外感染多由上呼吸道疾病和泌尿系统疾病引起。二是饮食因素。喂养方法不当,饮食过多、过少、不定时,突然改变食物性质或骤然断奶等,也可导致小儿腹泻。另外,病儿体质弱、营养不良、气候突然变化、护理不当等也是本病的诱发因素。婴幼儿轻度腹泻多与饮食因素或肠道外感染有关。患…     

巧用大蒜治疗婴幼儿腹泻

腹泻是婴幼儿常见病、多发病，早期发现，及时治疗可避免由腹泻导致的脱水、电解质失衡、高热等诸多并发症，减轻病儿痛苦。     

婴幼儿腹泻的激光治疗

本文报道采用ＣＯ２激光或Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光治疗７６３例婴幼儿腹泻的观察结果，证明该疗法疗效可靠、无损伤、无副作用、患儿易于接受，可替代药物性治疗。     

早产儿胼胝体发育的超声监测

目的:应用超声对早产儿胼胝体生长发育进行监测,评价早产对胼胝体发育的影响。方法:胎龄小于34周的早产儿50例作为研究组,并选正常足月新生儿50例作为对照组。于0～6周龄和相当于足月龄颅脑检查测量胼胝体和小脑蚓部的长度。所有早产儿于纠正年龄6月时接受中国儿童智能发育量表(CDCC)检查,分析胼胝体生长率与神经运动检查结果之间的关系。结果:早产儿与足月儿之间出生时的胼胝体平均长度差异有统计学意义。2～6周早产儿组胼胝体生长率慢于足月儿组。小脑蚓部的长度与胼胝体的长度之间存在明显的相关性。早产儿神经运动检查异常组(14例)和正常组(36例)2～6周异常组的胼胝体生长率慢于正常组,6周龄后直至相当于足月龄时,早产儿异常组胼胝体生长率慢于正常组。结论:对于小于34周的早产儿,超声至少在6周龄时能检测出早产对胼胝体发育的影响,早产儿神经运动发育迟滞可能与2～6周胼胝体生长率低下有关。     

Detection of darbepoetin alfa misuse in urine and blood: a preliminary investigation

INTRODUCTION: Darbepoetin alfa is a modified erythropoietin (EPO) molecule with a longer serum half-life than recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO). Because the detection period of rhEPO in urine is only 2-3 d after the last injection, blood algorithms have been developed in order to expand the detection window of rhEPO misuse. The main objectives were to establish the period of detection of darbepoetin alfa by isoelectric focusing (IEF) and examine the applicability of blood algorithms and individual variations in blood variables in an antidoping context. METHODS: Six recreationally active males and six recreationally active females had 0.78 microg.kg(-1).wk(-1) of darbepoetin alfa administered for 3 wk. Blood and urine samples were collected continuously during and after administration. Urine samples were analyzed by IEF and immunoblotting for darbepoetin alfa, and blood samples were analyzed for erythropoietic sensitive blood variables on a hematological analyzer. RESULTS: Darbepoetin alfa was detected in 8 of 12 samples at 10 d after the last injection. Ten subjects showed variations in hemoglobin concentration [Hb] > 10%, whereas only three males and one female exceeded suggested upper [Hb] limits of 17.0 and 16.0 g.dL(-1), respectively. Four subjects exceeded the 1:1000 ON- as well as the OFF-model cutoff limit. CONCLUSION: The large number of samples containing detectable amounts of darbepoetin alfa at 10 d into the washout period stipulate the possibility of a 7-d window of detection after administration, wherein a sample would be regarded as an adverse analytical finding. The marked variations in all examined blood parameters could be used for the targeting of urine samples. These preliminary findings open up for larger scale studies with more frequent urine sampling in the washout period on elite athletes.     

MR成像对患先天性心脏病的婴儿和儿童的冠状动脉异常的检出

目的以外科所见作为参考标准,评价MR冠状动脉血管成像检出婴儿和儿童的冠状动脉异常的可行性和准确率。材料与方法数据分析获机构伦理委员会许可。100例     

Maple syrup urine disease: findings on CT and MR scans of the brain in 10 infants

Ten infants with classical maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) and two with variant MSUD had a total of 26 CT scans and 13 MR examinations of the brain during different stages of their disease. We found that inter- and intrapatient analyses of CT and MR findings at times ranging from 3 days to 7 months were typical enough to suggest the MSUD diagnosis. Imaging studies showed the natural course of the disease and, in a few cases, illustrated the effects of therapy. CT scans typically are negative during the first few days of life, then a marked, generalized, diffuse edema appears. In addition, a localized, more severe edema (the MSUD edema) is seen, which involves the deep cerebellar white matter, the dorsal part of the brainstem, the cerebral peduncles, and the dorsal limb of the internal capsule. Both the generalized and the MSUD edema subside during the second month of life, then may disappear totally or leave a well-defined, low-density zone around the lateral ventricles and small, low-attenuation lesions within the brainstem, respectively. With the disappearance of the edema, some loss of brain substance becomes obvious.     

Sonographic findings in infants with macrocrania

This study compares the sonographic and CT findings in a group of infants with macrocrania and correlates those findings with neurologic outcome to determine the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of sonography. Sonographic findings in 255 infants with macrocrania are described. Of the 195 term infants examined, 130 had normal sonograms, 11 (5.6%) had significant abnormalities, and 54 had increased intra- and/or extraaxial fluid spaces. Of the 60 former preterm infants, 33 had normal sonograms, four (6.7%) had significant abnormalities, and 23 had increased fluid spaces or small resolving germinal matrix hemorrhages. The patients with significant abnormalities usually had head circumferences greater than the 95th percentile and had neurologic abnormalities. There was good correlation between sonography and CT in 30 of the 36 patients evaluated by both. In six there was mild discrepancy in the volume of the extraaxial fluid. No significant abnormality was missed by sonography. CT did not contribute any additional information. Neurologic follow-up was available for 202 patients. Nineteen percent of the term infants and 24% of the former preterm infants were abnormal on neurologic follow-up. Most patients with normal sonograms were normal on follow-up. Twelve of the term and four of the preterm infants with normal sonograms were developmentally delayed on follow-up. Increased CSF in the ventricles and/or extraaxial spaces was a common abnormality, but it usually is associated with a normal neurologic outcome and represents "benign macrocrania." We conclude that an infant with an enlarged or enlarging head should have a neurologic examination and head circumference measurement. If the patient has a head circumference greater than the 95th percentile, particularly if there are abnormal neurologic findings, further evaluation is indicated. Sonography is the initial procedure recommended since it accurately evaluates ventricular size, extraaxial fluid, and congenital malformations. If sonography is normal or shows mildly increased fluid spaces, then follow-up head circumference measurement and clinical evaluation will probably suffice. CT is indicated if there is a significant abnormality on sonography that requires further clarification.     

痛风性肾病患者血清胱抑素C和尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐测定的临床意义

目的探讨痛风性肾病患者胱抑素C(Cys-C)和尿微量白蛋白、尿肌酐水平的变化及意义。方法对109例痛风患者(其中并发痛风性肾病59例,无并发症50例)和正常对照60例采用乳胶颗粒增强免疫比浊法测定血清胱抑素,同时用免疫比浊法测定尿微量白蛋白,用酶法测定尿肌酐。并计算尿微量白蛋白、尿肌酐的比值。结果痛风性肾病组血清胱抑素和尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐平均明显高于对照组(P<0.01),痛风非肾病组与正常对照组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论血清胱抑素C和尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐随着痛风性肾病的发生以及严重程度逐渐增高,可作为早期诊断痛风性肾病较敏感的指标,对于监测早期痛风性肾病的发生、病情发展程度有重要意义。