老年患者冠状动脉扭曲临床特征及相关危险因素

目的探讨老年患者冠状动脉（简称“冠脉”）扭曲的病变特点及相关危险因素。方法选取进行冠脉造影检查的304例老年患者为研究对象,回顾性查阅病史资料和影像资料;分析相关危险因素,并对血压水平与冠脉扭曲程度之间相互关系进行分析。结果老年冠脉扭曲阳性率高达55-3％（168／304）,老年女性发病率为60．1％（101／168）,中重度扭曲主要发生在左回旋支（33．9％）,三支病变的扭曲总积分最高;性别与血压是老年患者冠脉扭曲的重要危险因素;血压水平的高低与冠脉扭曲程度呈正相关。结论老年冠脉扭曲发病率高,且与性别、血压密切相关。血压越高造成的冠脉扭曲程度越严重。     

老年女性冠心病相关因素分析

目的探讨老年女性冠心病患者患病相关因素分析。方法选择临床诊断为可疑冠心病的老年女性患者139例,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为冠心病组(71例)和对照组(68例),观察年龄、体重、吸烟、停经时间、血尿酸水平、血压、血脂、糖尿病、骨质疏松与冠心病的相关性,进一步分析其相关的危险因素。结果冠心病组与对照组在肥胖、吸烟、过早停经、血尿酸增高、高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病、骨质疏松方面差异有统计学意义(P0.01);年龄在2组间的分布差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。老年女性冠心病的危险因素是糖尿病和骨质疏松。结论冠心病是一种多因素疾病,对于老年女性而言,糖尿病、骨质疏松可能是其发病的危险因素;吸烟、高血压、高脂血症、过早停经、肥胖、血尿酸增高等因素可能与其发病有关。     

老年糖尿病周围神经病变的相关危险因素研究

目的探讨老年糖尿病周围神经病变(diabetic peripheral neuropathy,DNP)的相关危险因素。方法将89例老年糖尿病患者按是否合并周围神经病变分为病变组与对照组,观察2组体质量指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及末梢神经功能、下肢血管超声等指标并进行比较分析。结果病变组WHR、LDL-C、下肢血管损伤程度均较对照组升高(P<0.05),神经传导速度、HDL-C较对照组降低(P<0.05),多元回归分析提示DNP与HbA1c、LDL-C、TG、血管病变负相关,与HDL-C正相关。结论DNP的发生与血糖、血脂及血管病变有关。     

老年急性冠状动脉综合征患者预后危险因素分析

目的 探讨急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者的近期预后与影响临床预后的危险因素,为ACS患者的预后风险评估提供依据.方法 入选ACS患者156例.采用无序多分类Logistic回归分析ACS患者的基线特征因素与30 d好转、死亡、心绞痛、心力衰竭的相关性.结果 将全部变量进行多因素Logistic回归分析,显示年龄(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.07～1.34)、糖尿病(OR=19.41,95%CI:3.02～124.70)、白细胞升高(OR=11.36,95%CI:1.87～69.11)及血小板升高(OR=7.72,95%CI:1.29～46.15)是30 d死亡的独立危险因素;白细胞升高(OR=2.35,95%CI:0.89～6.17)及血脂异常(OR=6.25,95%CI:2.11～18.48)是30 d心绞痛发作的独立危险因素;年龄(OR=1.10,95%CI:1.03～1.17)、男性(OR=4.18,95%CI:0.81～21.51)、白细胞升高(OR=2.97,95%CI:1.09～8.14)及血脂异常(OR=7.69,95%CI:2.39～24.76)是30 d发生心力衰竭的独立危险因素.结论 年龄、糖尿病史、血小板升高及白细胞升高是影响ACS患者30 d死亡的独立危险因素;白细胞升高及血脂异常是影响ACS患者30 d心绞痛发作的独立危险因素;年龄、男性、白细胞升高及血脂异常是影响ACS患者30 d心力衰竭的独立危险因素.

Abstract：

Objective To explore short-term prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and prognostic risk factors, and to provide information for prognostic risk assessment. Methods A total of 156 patients with acute coronary syndrome were enrolled. The correlations of baseline characteristics with 30-day improvement, death, angina pectoris and heart failure were analyzed using unordered multivariate logistic regression. Results Logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for 30-day death included age (OR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.07-1.34), diabetes (OR=19.41, 95%CI: 3.02-124.70), leukocytosis (OR=11.36, 95%CI: 1.87-69.11) and increased platelet (OR=7.72, 95%CI: 1.29-46.15). The independent risk factors for 30-day angina pectoris included leukocytosis (OR=2.35, 95%CI: 0.89-6.17) and dyslipidemia (OR=6.25, 95%CI: 2.11-18.48). The independent risk factors for the occurrence of heart failure during 30-day post-ACS included age (OR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.03-1.17), male (OR=4.18, 95%CI: 0.81-21.51), leukocytosis (OR=2.97, 95%CI: 1.09-8.14) and dyslipidemia (OR=7.69, 95%CI: 2.39-24.76). Conclusions Age, diabetes, leukocytosis and increased platelet are independent risk factors associated with 30-day death; Leukocytosis and dyslipidemia are independent risk factors associated with 30-day angina pectoris; Age, male, leukocytosis and dyslipidemia are the independent risk factors associated with 30-day heart failure.     

老年急性冠脉综合征患者危险因素与预后分析

目的 探讨老年急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者传统危险因素与非传统危险因素特点及其与预后关系的分析. 方法 回顾性分析ACS患者216例,按年龄分为老年组(≥60岁)和非老年组,统计分析2组危险因素个数分布特点及其与预后之间的相关性.传统因素包括性别、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)＞1.8 mmol/L、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)＜1.0 mmol/L、高血压、糖尿病、吸烟,非传统因素包括三酰甘油(TG)＞ 1.7 mmol/L、C反应蛋白(CRP) ＞2 mg/L、前驱糖尿病[空腹血糖5.6～7.0 mmol/L或者糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c) ＞6％]、体质量指数(BMI) ＞25. 培果 与非老年组比较,老年组具有的危险因素个数增多(P＜0.05),其中老年组中LDL-C＞ 1.8mmol/L、HDL-C＜ 1.0 mmol/L、高血压、糖尿病、CRP＞2 mg/L、前驱糖尿病的比例较非老年组高(P＜0.05);而吸烟、TG＞ 150 mg/dl、超重的发生率在非老年组较高(P＜0.05);ACS老年患者6月主要心脑血管事件(MACCE)发生率随着危险因素个数增多逐渐增高. 结论 老年ACS患者具有的危险因素个数多,且分布特点与非老年人群不同;随着危险因素个数增加,老年患者发生心脑血管意外的风险相应增加.     

Long-term follow-up of medically treated patients with coronary artery disease--I. Incidence of major cardiac events and its risk factors in Japanese with coronary artery disease

In the cooperative, multi-center trial, 491 medically treated patients with coronary artery disease were thoroughly assessed and followed for an average of 49 months. The rate of cardiac death and/or non-fatal myocardial infarction was 9.8%; 64% of cardiac events were fatal. Three factors, such as number of diseased coronary arteries, other diseased organs and the cardiothoracic ratio, contributed significantly to the evolution of cardiac events. The outcome of cardiac events in Japan in the period from 1973 to 1985 in patients with coronary artery disease was more favorable than those reported recently in the United States. The results of this study will serve as a control data base for further studies in Japan.     

Delirium in elderly home-treated patients: a prospective study with 6-month follow-up

Delirium usually occurs during hospitalisation. The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence of delirium in “hospital-at-home” compared to a traditional hospital ward and to assess mortality, hospital readmissions and institutionalisation rates at 6-month follow-up in elderly patients with intermediate/high risk for delirium at baseline according to the criteria of Inouye. We performed a prospective, non-randomised, observational study with 6-month follow-up on 144 subjects aged 75 years and older consecutively admitted to the hospital for an acute illness and followed in a geriatric hospital ward (GHW) or in a geriatric home hospitalisation service (GHHS). Baseline socio-demographic information, clinical data, functional, cognitive, nutritional status, mood, quality of life, and caregiver’s stress scores were collected. Of the 144 participants, 14 (9.7%) had delirium during their initial hospitalisation: 4 were treated by GHHS and 10 in a GHW. The incidence of delirium was 16.6% in GHW and 4.7% in GHHS. All delirious patients were very old, with a high risk for delirium at baseline of 60%, according to the criteria of Inouye. In GHW, the onset of delirium occurred significantly earlier and the mean duration of the episode was significantly longer. The severity of delirium tended to be higher in GHW compared to GHHS. At 6-month follow-up, mortality was significantly higher among patients who suffered from an episode of delirium. Moreover, they showed a trend towards a greater institutionalisation rate. GHHS may represent a protective environment for delirium onset in acutely ill elderly patients.     

不同年龄冠状动脉旁路移植术患者的代谢性危险因素特征分析

目的探讨不同年龄行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的冠心病患者代谢性危险因素特征。方法回顾性分析199例行CABG的冠心病患者的临床资料,根据年龄分为中青年组(年龄34～65岁,124例)和老年组(年龄≥65岁,75例),又根据冠状动脉病变程度分为多支病变亚组(病变支数≥3支)和非多支病变亚组(病变支数<3支),比较两组及亚组的代谢性危险因素特征。结果(1)中青年组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平低于老年组,体质指数(BMI)、舒张压(DBP)高于老年组(均为P<0.05);老年组血肌酐(Cr)水平、高血压患病比例高于中青年组(均为P<0.05)。(2)中青年多支病变亚组空腹血糖(FPG)(7.21±3.44)mmol/L、DBP(79±10)mm Hg高于老年多支病变亚组(6.26±1.41)mmol/L、(75±11)mm Hg(P=0.034、0.03);HDL-C(1.07±0.26)mmol/L低于老年多支病变亚组(1.19±0.26)mmol/L(P=0.011)。(3)中青年非多支病变亚组的BMI、DBP高于老年组(均为P<0.05)。结论与老年组相比,低HDL-C、高BMI、高DBP是中青年冠心病CABG患者的代谢特征;高FPG是中青年冠心病多支病变CABG患者的代谢特征。     

老年冠心病患者支架内再狭窄危险因素分析

目的 探讨老年冠心病患者冠脉支架术后支架内再狭窄(ISR)的危险因素.方法 选取2016年1月-2019年12月在复旦大学附属华东医院心内科行经皮冠状动脉支架植入术,并于术后12个月常规复查冠脉造影的老年冠心病患者共208例作为研究对象,根据是否发生ISR,他们被分为ISR组(24例)和非ISR组(184例),比较2组...     

Lipid-lowering therapy for elderly patients at risk for coronary events and stroke

Hyperlipidemia continues to be a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary heart disease, in the elderly population. Despite the fact that hyperlipidemia does not seem to be a major risk factor for stroke, therapy for hyperlipidemia, especially with statins, has clearly been demonstrated to reduce both coronary heart disease events and stroke, with the most convincing data being for the elderly population. Although we review some safety concerns with statin therapy applicable to the elderly, statins alone or with other proved therapies, including fibrates, niacin, and exercise training, have been demonstrated to reduce major cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease and stroke in the elderly. In addition, this therapy can be safely administered to most elderly patients and seems to have either neutral or slightly beneficial effects on dementia. Therefore, aggressive lipid treatment, particularly with statins, is needed in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly.     

老年女性冠心病危险因素和冠状动脉病变特点临床研究

目的 探讨老年女性冠心病患者相关危险因素和冠状动脉病变特点. 方法 入选2003年4月至2012年5月在我科行Judkins法冠状动脉造影的连续2017例患者,根据年龄、性別及冠状动脉造影结果将其分为老年女性冠心病组(年龄≥60岁,冠状动脉狭窄程度≥50％)760例、老年女性对照组(年龄≥60岁)475例、青中年女性冠心病组(年龄＜60岁,冠状动脉狭窄程度≥50％)97例、老年男性冠心病组(年龄≥60岁,冠状动脉狭窄程度≥50％)685例.分析老年女性冠心病患者临床相关危险因素及冠状动脉病变特点. 结果 老年女性冠心病组与老年女性对照组比较,收缩压(154.0±28.8)与(146.9±27.2) mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)、空腹血糖(6.5±2.4)与(6.1±1.7) mmol/L、糖化血红蛋白(6.5±1.3)与(6.2±0.9)％、血清尿酸(312.5±104.7)与(282.5±84.5)μmol/L升高(均P＜0.05);高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(1.3±0.5)与(1.5±0.8)mmol/L降低(P＜0.01).Logistic回归分析结果显示,与老年女性冠心病独立相关的危险因素依次为高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(OR=2.454,95％CI:1.462～4.121,P％0.01)、血清尿酸(OR=0.997,95％cI:0.995～0.999,P＜0.01)、糖化血红蛋白(OR=0.749,95％CI:0.609～0.921,P＜0.01).老年女性冠心病组冠状动脉造影结果提示,老年女性冠心病患者以多支病变和双支病变为主,行冠状动脉内支架置入术的比例高于青中年女性冠心病组[48.7％(370例)与34.0(33例),P＜0.05];但较老年男性冠心病组低[48.7％(370例)与55.6％(381例),P＜0.05]. 结论 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、糖化血红蛋白、血清尿酸是老年女性冠心病发病的独立危险因素,老年女性冠心病患者以多支病变和双支病变为主,冠状动脉病变累及范围广、程度重.     

75岁以上冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄程度与冠心病危险因素的相关分析

目的探讨75岁以上冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄程度与冠心病危险因素的相关性。方法选取2015年7月至2017年9月我院收治的275例疑诊冠心病入院接受冠状动脉造影的患者(年龄≥75岁),对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据造影结果分为冠心病组和对照组;根据病变严重程度将冠心病患者又分为轻、中、重度组,采用单因素和多因素logistic回归模型分析冠状动脉狭窄程度与冠心病危险因素的相关性。结果冠心病组男性、糖尿病、吸烟比例和同型半胱氨酸水平均高于对照组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)低于对照组(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析显示,糖尿病(OR=3.046,P=0.019)是冠心病的独立危险因素,而HDL-C(OR=0.318,P=0.040)为其保护因素。与轻度冠状动脉狭窄者相比,中、重度狭窄患者糖尿病、吸烟比例均升高,HDL-C水平均降低,重度狭窄患者男性比例高于轻度狭窄者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);有序多分类logistic回归分析示,糖尿病(OR=2.484,P=0.001)、吸烟(OR=1.872,P=0.037)、HDL-C(OR=0.351,P=0.016)与冠状动脉狭窄程度相关。结论糖尿病、吸烟、HDL-C与75岁以上老年冠心病及冠状动脉狭窄程度显著相关。     

高龄患者非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植围术期多因素分析

目的:分析制约高龄患者非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后恢复的围术期危险因素。方法:回顾分析2013年8月至2014年4月,高龄非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植患者53例,年龄75~86岁,均以左侧乳内动脉吻合左前降支;大隐静脉吻合其它分枝。所有患者均未使用序贯吻合。并行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植手术,手术在全麻下施行,所有患者均采用胸骨正中切口径路入胸,直视下获取左侧乳内动脉、大隐静脉。分析影响上述患者术后住院时间的危险因素。结果:心房颤动、胃肠功能紊乱、心血管意外、肾功能不全、再次机械辅助通气及脑血管意外为高龄患者术后主要并发症,以前二者最为常见。多因素Logistic回归分析显示女性、心功能Ⅲ-Ⅳ级、明显颈内动脉狭窄、慢性肾功不全、糖尿病及术中缩血管活性药物用量等,术前及术中因素为影响术后住院时间的独立危险因素;在术后并发症中,除肾功能不全,其余并发症为影响术后住院时间的独立危险因素。结论:术前多种合并症影响患者术后住院时间;术中过量血管活性药物应用提示心脏耐受力不佳,并影响术后住院时间。术后并发症,以心房颤动、胃肠功能紊乱最为常见且明显延长术后住院时间;再次机械辅助通气、脑血管意外、心血管意外发生率不高,但明显影响术后住院时间。     

老年患者冠心病危险程度与血浆同型半胱氨酸及尿酸水平的相关研究

目的:探讨老年患者血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及尿酸水平与冠心病危险程度之间的关系。方法:回顾828例因胸痛来我院就诊行冠状动脉造影的老年患者(年龄65岁),根据冠状动脉造影分为A组(非冠心病组)、B组(冠心病组),冠心病组再根据症状、心肌酶学及心电图变化分为B1组(稳定性冠心病组)、B2组(不稳定型心绞痛组)、B3组(急性心肌梗死组)。比较四组间Hcy、尿酸水平及其发病率的关系,以及Hcy、尿酸水平与急性心肌梗死的相关性。结果:(1)与A组比较,B组血浆Hcy及尿酸水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.001,P=0.004);(2)血浆Hcy水平A组与B2组、A组与B3组、B2组与B3组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);血浆尿酸水平A组与B2组、A组与B3组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)高Hcy血症的发生率,B2及B3组较A组明显升高(P0.001),在B组中,B2及B3较B1组也明显升高(P0.001),差异均有统计学意义;高尿酸血症发生率,B3组较A组明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。(4)患者血浆尿酸水平与Hcy水平呈正相关(标准化回归系数=0.116,P=0.007)。(5)血浆Hcy水平是急性心肌梗死的独立危险因素(OR=1.681,95%CI:1.03~2.73,P=0.012)。结论:高Hcy血症及高尿酸血症与老年患者急性心肌梗死有关。     

老年腹主动脉瘤患者冠状动脉造影的临床意义

目的 探讨老年腹主动脉瘤患者中冠心病(CAD)的检出率及其相关危险因素.方法 回顾性分析70例50岁以上同时进行腹主动脉造影和冠状动脉造影的老年腹主动脉瘤患者的临床资料及影像学资料,应用x2检验,多因素logistic回归等方法对数据进行统计和分析.结果 70例患者中,检出CAD 63例(90.0%),其中单支病变20例(28.6%),2支病变15例(21.4%),3支病变22例(31.4%),左主干+3支病变6例(8.6%);多因素logistic回归分析显示,周围血管病是老年腹主动脉瘤合并CAD的最重要预测因素.结论 50岁以上腹主动脉瘤,尤其是合并周围血管病的患者是CAD高发人群,因此在腹主动脉造影时应常规进行冠状动脉造影检查,以免漏诊CAD.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the prevalence of coronary artery disease and risk factors in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA).MethodsCoronary angiography was performed immediately after abdominal angiography in 70 elderly(＞50 years)consecutive patients with AAA. Medical history and imaging characteristics were evaluated. Results CAD was diagnosed in 63 patients(90. 0%)by coronary angiography: 20(28.6%)patients with single-vessel disease(SVD), 15(21.4%)with 2VD, 22(31.4%)with 3VD and 6(8. 6%)with left main disease + 3VD. Multi-variance logistic analysis showed that peripheral disease was the strongest predictor for CAD in AAA patients. Conclusion Coronary angiography should be performed in elderly AAA patients due to the high prevalence of CAD in this patient cohort.     

老年冠心病再发心脏事件的危险因素分析

目的 :探讨老年冠心病再发心脏事件的危险因素。方法 :观察 2 96例老年冠心病患者 2～ 7年 ,对其心脏再发事件发生情况及其危险因素和临床特征进行单因素和多因素分析。结果 :36例 (12 .16 % )患者发生心脏再发事件。有 9个临床危险因素可促使心脏再发事件显著增加 ,复杂心律失常、无痛性心肌缺血、左室肥厚、高血压、TC/ HDL- C≥ 4.3是再发心脏事件的独立预报因素。结论 :为改善老年冠心病患者的预后 ,对上述临床危险因素应予以足够的重视 ,并加以控制     

老年冠心病患者腹主动脉瘤发病特点及危险因素分析

目的分析腹主动脉瘤(AAA)在老年冠心病人群中的发病情况及其危险因素。方法选择86例冠心病及60例未患冠心病的老年患者(65岁),分为冠心病组和对照组,常规超声心动仪检查AAA发病情况,并对冠心病组AAA患者的危险因素进行分析。结果冠心病组的AAA发病率明显高于无冠心病组(15.1%vs3.3%;P0.05),logistic回归分析发现吸烟(OR=4.79;P0.01)和颈动脉狭窄(OR=3.29;P0.05)与AAA发病密切相关,糖尿病与AAA呈负相关(OR=0.15;P0.05)。结论老年冠心病患者AAA发病率高,两者间有着部分相同的危险因素,但不完全一样。