不同浓度盐酸罗哌卡因用于宫颈癌根治患者术后镇痛疗效观察

目的:通过临床观察了解不同浓度盐酸罗哌卡因硬膜外自控镇痛对宫颈癌患者术后疼痛和早期活动的影响。方法:选择择期行宫颈癌的病人60例,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级。随机分为0.125%盐酸罗哌卡因(Ⅰ组)、0.15%盐酸罗哌卡因(Ⅱ组)和0.20%盐酸罗哌卡因(Ⅲ组),均复合2μg/ml芬太尼,每组各20例。观察各组48h内的镇痛效果、排气时间、下床活动时间、术后不良反应。结果:术后VAS评分Ⅱ、Ⅲ组明显低于Ⅰ组,改良Bromage评分Ⅰ、Ⅱ组显著低于Ⅲ组,三组病人Ramsay评分,不良反应发生情况,排气时间,术后第一次下地时间等差异均无统计学意义。结论:三组均适合宫颈癌根治的术后镇痛,其中0.15%盐酸罗哌卡因术后镇痛效果好,而无明显运动阻滞,更适合推荐用于宫颈癌根治患者术后镇痛。     

不同浓度舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因术后硬膜外镇痛效果观察

目的 探讨舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因用于术后硬膜外镇痛的合适剂量.方法 选择拟在硬膜外麻醉下行剖宫产术患者90例,术毕随机分为三组均行硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA).镇痛药Ⅰ组为0.2%罗哌卡因,Ⅱ组为0.2%罗哌卡因+0.5 mg/L舒芬太尼,Ⅲ组为0.2%罗哌卡因+0.75 mg/L舒芬太尼,观察记录三组患者术后48 h内疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分、运动恢复情况、患者满意度以及不良反应如恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、嗜睡、呼吸抑制等.结果 三组患者术后镇痛效果都较满意,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组术后8,24,36,48 h VAS评分显著高于Ⅲ组(P均＜0.01),Ⅰ组VAS评分显著高于Ⅱ组(P＜0.05);运动阻滞三组未见明显差异.三组恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒的发生率无显著差异.结论 0.2%罗哌卡因+0.75 mg/L舒芬太尼能够更好的提供剖宫产术后PCEA.     

不同浓度罗哌卡因与芬太尼用于术后硬膜外镇痛效果观察

目的：比较三组不同浓度罗哌卡因与芬太尼伍用氟哌利多用于术后硬膜外持续镇痛效果。方法：120例剖宫产患者随机分为0.238%罗哌卡因、芬太尼5μg/ml（A组）,0.348%罗哌卡因、芬太尼5μg/ml（B组）,0.238%罗哌卡因、芬太尼7μg/ml（C组）,三组均复合氟哌利多0.025mg/ml,背景量2ml/小时。以VAS评分比较术后持续镇痛效果。Bro-mage评分评定运动阻滞情况。结果：术后6、12、24和48小时VAS评分A组显著高于B、C组,Bromage评分B组显著高于A、C组。结论：0.238%罗哌卡因芬太尼7μg/ml复合氟哌利多对剖宫产术后镇痛效果确切,适合临床应用。     

不同浓度舒芬太尼配伍罗哌卡因应用于子宫动脉栓塞术硬膜外自控镇痛的比较

目的评价不同浓度舒芬太尼配伍罗哌卡因应用于子宫动脉栓塞术(UAE)硬膜外自控镇痛的效果。方法择期子宫肌腺症行UAE治疗的患者90例,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,年龄28～42岁,体质量指数<30 kg/m2,采用随机双盲的方法将患者分为三组(n=30),Ⅰ组:舒芬太尼0.5 mg/L配伍0.2%罗哌卡因;Ⅱ组:舒芬太尼0.75 mg/L配伍0.2%罗哌卡因;Ⅲ组:舒芬太尼1.0 mg/L配伍0.2%罗哌卡因。观察和记录患者镇痛后4 h(T1)、8 h(T2)、12 h(T3)、24 h(T4)各时点视觉模拟法(VAS)评分、术后4 h的Ramsay评分与改良Bromage分级及恶心、呕吐等不良反应的发生情况。结果三组改良Bromage分级均为0级,三组Ramsay评分均为2分。与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组的T2、T3时VAS评分降低(P<0.05),Ⅰ组有5例需肌内注射哌替啶,Ⅲ组有4例出现恶心或呕吐。结论舒芬太尼0.75 mg/L与0.2%罗哌卡因配伍应用于UAE术后硬膜外镇痛效果满意,且不良反应发生率低,建议临床推广使用。     

曲马多复合罗哌卡因应用于子宫次全切除术后硬膜外镇痛的临床研究

目的 观察曲马多联合罗哌卡因用于子宫次全切除术后硬膜外镇痛的效果.方法 选择ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级经腹子宫次全切除术患者90例,随机平均分为3组.R组:0.18%罗哌卡因;F组:0.18%罗哌卡因+0.000 3%芬太尼;T组:0.18%罗哌卡因+0.5%曲马多.3组术毕均经硬膜外注入0.5%罗哌卡因6 ml,连接一次性微量泵进行硬膜外镇痛.监测术后不同时间的VAS疼痛评分、心率、平均动脉压,观察恶心、呕吐等不良反应和下肢运动阻滞情况以及肛门排气时间,镇痛总体满意度评分.结果 R组VAS评分明显高于F组和T组(P<0.05);F组和T组VAS评分无明显差异(P>0.05);F组恶心、呕吐发生率高于R组和T组(P<0.05);F组和T组镇痛总体满意度优良率明显高于R组(P<0.05).结论 曲马多、芬太尼分别与罗哌卡因合用均可达到有效的术后硬膜外镇痛效果,曲马多与罗哌卡因配伍不良反应发生率较低,是一种更为安全有效的硬膜外术后镇痛方法.     

妇科手术后布比卡因、罗哌卡因与左布比卡因硬膜外自控镇痛的比较

目的 比较妇科手术后0.2%布比卡因、0.2%罗哌卡因与0.2%左布比卡因与芬太尼配伍病人自控硬膜外镇痛效果.方法 60例择期妇科下腹部手术患者,随机分为三组对照观察,B组(n=20):镇痛药为0.2%布比卡因 5μg·ml-1芬太尼;R组(n=20):镇痛药为0.2%罗哌卡因 5μg·ml-1芬太尼;L组(n=20):镇痛药0.2%左旋布比卡因 5μg·ml-1芬太尼;PCEA给药方式相同.观察各组术后48小时镇痛效果、运动神经阻滞程度及不良反应.结果 三组病人术后视觉模拟评分、改良Bromage评分无显著性差异,不良反应发生率相似.结论 0.2%布比卡因、0.2%罗哌卡因及0.2%左布比卡因均复合5μg·ml-1芬太尼用于妇科术后硬膜外镇痛可获得满意的镇痛效果,对运动神经阻滞影响较小且无明显毒副作用.     

不同浓度罗哌卡因分娩镇痛的临床观察

目的观察比较三种不同浓度罗哌卡因用于病人自控硬膜外分娩镇痛(PCEA)的镇痛效果、运动神经的阻滞状况和产妇的满意度。方法90例单胎足月头位初产妇随机分成三组,罗哌卡因的浓度分别为Ⅰ组01%、Ⅱ组02%、Ⅲ组03%,芬太尼浓度三组均为0002%,双盲法观察记录视觉模拟镇痛评分(VAS)、改良Bromage评分、产妇行走状况和产妇的满意度,全程监测产妇生命体征、产程时间、生产方式、胎心率变化以及副作用的发生。结果Ⅰ组镇痛后与镇痛前VAS评分没有明显变化,与Ⅱ、Ⅲ组镇痛后相比有显著差异(P<001),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组镇痛前后VAS评分有显著差异(P<001),组间相比无显著差异(P>005);Ⅰ、Ⅱ组镇痛前后Bromage评分没有明显差异,Ⅲ组镇痛后与镇痛前Bromage评分有显著差异,与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组镇痛后相比也有显著差异(P<001),Ⅱ组产妇于第一产程中行走时间超过1h达80%,与Ⅰ组10%、Ⅲ组66%组相比有显著差异(P<001);Ⅰ、Ⅱ组器械助产率1007%、1428%,与Ⅲ组518%相比有显著差异(P<001);Ⅱ、Ⅲ组产妇满意度百分率为8928%、8888%,与Ⅰ组354%相比有显著差异(P<001)。结论02%罗哌卡因加小剂量芬太尼用于PCEA分娩镇痛是较合适的浓度。     

罗哌卡因复合不同浓度芬太尼用于小儿术后镇痛的比较

目的评价单纯0.1%罗哌卡因复合不同浓度芬太尼对学龄儿童术后镇痛的效果和不良反应。方法选择ASA1-2级,年龄5-12岁行择期下腹部手术的患儿90例,随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,每组30例。在氯胺酮基础麻醉下行腰段硬膜外阻滞,术毕以单纯0.1%罗哌卡因(1组)或0.1%罗哌卡因复合0.0001%芬太尼(Ⅱ组)或0.1%罗哌卡因复合0.0002%芬太尼(Ⅲ组)进行术后镇痛,以2ml·h-1的速率硬膜外腔持续输注,由患儿父母按压补充2ml/次锁定时间15分钟。观察术后24小时内的镇痛效果。观察术后患儿恶心、呕吐、下肢麻木、皮肤搔痒、尿潴留、呼吸抑制等不良反应。由患儿或其父母评价满意程度。结果三组的镇痛优秀率分别为76.7%、80.0%和70.0%,Ⅰ组低于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(p<0.05),但优良率无显著性差异;恶心、呕吐、皮肤搔痒的发生率Ⅰ组明显低于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(p<0.05);Ⅲ组有1例呼吸抑制(p>0.05);三组下肢运动阻滞恢复无显著性差异(P>0.05);满意度Ⅰ组明显高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。结论硬膜外注射单纯0.1%罗哌卡因与其复合芬太尼相比,镇痛效果相当,不良反应少,满意度高,可能更适用于小儿。     

罗哌卡因用于下腹部手术后硬膜外镇痛的临床观察

目的 探讨下腹部手术后硬膜外镇痛单用0.2%罗哌卡因的可行性。方法 40例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期在硬膜外麻醉下行下腹部手术的患者,随机分为两组,分别为R组（0.2%罗哌卡因）和RF组（0.2%罗哌卡因＋2μg/ml芬太尼）。术毕前30min接入镇痛泵行术后硬膜外镇痛,观察术后4、8、12、24hVAS评分,辅助镇痛用药及恶心、呕吐、镇静、皮肤瘙痒等副作用。结果 两组病人各时段VAS评分,辅助镇痛用药量及副作用发生率差异均无显著性。结论 单用0.2%罗哌卡因于下腹部手术后硬膜外镇痛是可行的。     

左旋布比卡因和罗哌卡因分别复合舒芬太尼应用于食道癌术后硬膜外自控镇痛的比较

目的 比较左旋布比卡因和罗哌卡因分别复合舒芬太尼应用于食道癌开胸术后硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)的临床效果.方法 硬膜外麻醉复合全身麻醉行食道癌开胸术、美国麻醉医师学会(American society of anesthesiologists,ASA)分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级的60例患者,随机分为左旋布比卡因复合舒芬太尼(LF)组和罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼(RF)组,每组30例.手术结束前10 min经硬膜外腔注入负荷剂量,记录启用镇痛泵后1h、4h、8h、24 h、48 h的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、改良Bromage分级、按压次数、24 h药量并记录术后不良反应.结果 各时段的VAS评分两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);改良Bromage分级RF组低于LF组(P＜0.05),两组副反应发生率比较RF组略高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 左旋布比卡因和罗哌卡因分别复合舒芬太尼用于术后硬膜外自控镇痛均可取得满意的镇痛效果.罗哌卡因组对运动神经的阻滞较轻于左旋布比卡因组,术后恶心呕吐略高于左旋布比卡因组.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.