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1.
[目的]通过对2009年深圳市龙岗区幼儿轮状病毒(Rotavirus,RV)腹泻发病情况及经济负担进行分析,为实施RV免疫规划提供依据.[方法]通过分析2009年深圳市龙岗区疫情监测系统中耍幼儿感染性腹泻的发病情况.采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测RV,同时调查分析门诊患儿和住院患儿的直接医疗费用和间接医疗费用,综合评价RV腹泻所致的经济负担.[结果]2009年调查地区各级监测医院共报告5岁以下感染性腹泻儿童5893例,其中RV阳性2303例,阳性率为39.1%.随着年龄增大,儿童RV阳性率逐渐减小,且差别有统计学意义(P<0.01).2009年全地区因5岁以下儿童RV腹泻多带来的总经济负担为7864755元,平均每名患儿为3415元.[结论]RV是深圳市婴幼儿秋冬季腹泻最主要的病原体,其所致的经济负担不容忽视,应进一步开展深入广泛的调查分析,为考核RV疫苗的成本与效益提供可靠依据.  相似文献   

2.
目的了解北京市5岁以下儿童轮状病毒(Rotavirus,RV)腹泻经济负担,为RV免疫规划提供建议。方法在2012年7月到2013年7月,在北京市3家儿童专科医院采集门诊和输液患儿的粪便标本,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay,ELISA)检测粪便标本中的RV抗原,对阳性患儿调查患病的直接费用和间接费用,综合评价北京市RV腹泻的经济负担。结果分别采集门诊和输液患儿的粪便标本678份、476份,RV阳性者分别为131份(19.3%)、137份(28.8%)。RV阳性患儿中,1岁及以下者在门诊和输液患儿中分别占86.3%和94.9%。RV阳性患儿中59名(22.0%)接种了口服轮状病毒减毒活疫苗(Oral Rotavirus Attenuated Live Vaccine,ORV),首剂次接种年龄中位数为1.7岁。输液患儿平均经济负担中位数高于门诊患儿,分别为737.8元和559.4元。估算北京市每年5岁以下儿童RV腹泻经济负担为55 186 462元。结论北京市RV腹泻经济负担较高,晚于感染年龄接种RV疫苗可能降低其预防RV腹泻的作用,建议根据流行特征细化现有的ORV接种程序。  相似文献   

3.
【目的】对卢龙县婴幼儿轮状病毒腹泻发病状况进行流行病学调查,为预防控制婴幼儿轮状病毒腹泻提供科学依据。【方法】以建立的农村腹泻病监测点和卢龙县医院和妇幼保健院住院治疗的腹泻病人为监测对象,采用流行病学调查方法和应用聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳法(PAGE),酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法,对腹泻病人进行流行病学调查,并收集腹泻粪便样本进行轮状病毒的检测。【结果】卢龙县5岁以下儿童腹泻病发病率平均为1.31/(年.人),轮状病毒腹泻发病率为13.4%,5岁以下儿童因轮状病毒腹泻住院率为8.9‰,住院治疗的重症腹泻病人的轮状病毒检测阳性率为45.6%,非住院经村医治疗的轻型腹泻轮状病毒检出率为8.9%,全国每年5岁以下儿童因患轮状病毒腹泻总耗资约26万元。有一些腹泻病人死亡可能与轮状病毒感染有关。【结论】我国农村地区轮状病毒腹泻流行严重,急待研发疫苗加以控制。  相似文献   

4.
目的了解腹泻患儿粪便标本中轮状病毒和腺病毒的感染情况,为临床治疗提供依据。方法回顾性研究2014年1-12月柳州市妇幼保健院儿科门诊及住院的2 684例腹泻患儿粪便标本中轮状病毒和腺病毒检测结果,并对结果进行统计分析,数据采用SPSS 11.5统计软件进行处理。结果 2 684例腹泻患儿粪便标本中,病毒检测阳性486例,阳性率为18.1%,单纯轮状病毒阳性378例,阳性率14.1%,单纯腺病毒阳性75例,阳性率2.8%,轮状病毒和腺病毒同时阳性33例,阳性率1.2%;6月龄~2岁婴幼儿是轮状病毒感染的高发年龄段,12月份及1月份是轮状病毒感染的高发月份,腺病毒感染全年阳性率较低,每月阳性率均5.0%。结论轮状病毒感染是导致婴幼儿腹泻的重要病原,腺病毒感染在婴幼儿腹泻中的致病原作用不可忽视。  相似文献   

5.
陈益明  乔悦  韦云龙 《中国妇幼保健》2012,27(34):5514-5516
目的:了解杭州市余杭地区婴幼儿A组轮状病毒感染的流行病学特征。方法:回顾分析2006年3月~2010年2月,门诊和住院11岁以下腹泻患儿8 781例粪便标本A组轮状病毒抗原检测资料,检测方法是采用胶体金免疫层析技术和双抗体夹心原理检测粪便中A组轮状病毒抗原。结果:8 781例腹泻婴幼儿中,检出A组轮状病毒抗原阳性1 039份,阳性率11.83%,发病时间以每年的10、11、12和1月份为检出高峰,患儿年龄以2岁以下的婴儿为主。结论:A组轮状病毒是该地区婴幼儿腹泻的主要病原之一,以2岁以下的婴儿为主;流行季节明显,以秋末至春初为高峰期。  相似文献   

6.
目的对620例婴幼儿腹泻患者的粪便标本进行A组轮状病毒抗原检测,了解其流行规律。方法用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELLISA)抗原检测法对≤5岁住院腹泻患儿粪便标本进行检测并对结果进行分析。结果在620例标本中检测到轮状病毒阳性286例,阳性率为46.13%;6~23月龄婴幼儿轮状病毒发病率最高,其次为0~5月龄;轮状病毒腹泻发病的高峰期为9月至次年2月。结论新疆轮状病毒感染高发季节是秋冬季,2岁以下儿童是感染的高发年龄段,疫苗接种的适用对象应重点为2岁以内婴幼儿  相似文献   

7.
苏州市婴幼儿轮状病毒腹泻分子流行病学研究   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
沈蕙  李海  张钧  顾红英  王蓓 《中国公共卫生》2003,19(12):1420-1421
目的 研究苏州市5岁以下婴幼儿轮状病毒腹泻分子流行病学特征。方法 对2001年9月~2002年8月期间在苏州大学附属儿童医院就诊的5岁以下腹泻患儿进行调查。收集腹泻患儿粪便标本检测轮状病毒并对轮状病毒阳性标本用ELISA、PCR法进行分型研究。结果 共检测标本775份,轮状病毒阳性274份,检出率35.35%;血清分型发现,轮状病毒腹泻G分型以G3(40.15%)和G1(28.42%)为主要流行株,基因P分型结果以P[4](39.68%)为主,尚发现较多不常见G/P组合和未分型病毒株。结论 苏州市婴幼儿轮状病毒腹泻,以G3和P[4]最多见,但有较多未分型病毒株,应继续进行轮状病毒腹泻的监测。  相似文献   

8.
目的了解嘉兴市社区人群腹泻病流行特征、临床表现和经济负担,为合理配置卫生资源及决策提供依据。方法采用分层多阶段随机整群抽样方法抽取调查对象,一年四次入户调查两周、一个月及三个月腹泻病发病情况和经济负担等。结果调查21 277人次,二周发病率0.58%,腹泻病年发病率0.151次/人年,1岁组和50-59岁组人群发病率较高;78.57%病例腹泻1-3天,81.25%病例腹泻最多每天5次,儿童发热率、就诊率均明显高于成人;病例次均经济负担539.18元,其中直接医疗费用为94.96元,儿童病例直接医疗费用占调查人群的75.32%;估算全市总经济负担4.30亿元,约占年生产总值3.08‰。结论腹泻病临床表现较轻,就诊率低,疾病负担重,建议加强儿童与50-59岁年龄人群腹泻病防控。  相似文献   

9.
目的 从社会角度探讨广州市肾细胞癌疾病经济负担情况.方法 对广州市2010—2012年有关肾癌医保患者数据进行描述性统计分析,计算肾癌的直接经济负担,利用分类树进行影响因素分析.结果 2010—2012年广州市肾癌患者的直接经济负担分别是430万元、707万元、1131万元.肾癌门诊患者和住院患者的药品费用分别占总医疗费用的47%和46%.住院患者的总医疗费用占肾癌直接经济负担的98%.肾癌患者的就诊类型、性别、年龄对总医疗费用影响较大.性别和年龄对门诊患者的次均总医疗费用影响较大,住院天数和是否手术对住院患者的次均总医疗费用影响较大.结论 肾癌就诊人次逐年增多,直接经济负担也明显上升.  相似文献   

10.
目的 探讨郑州地区5岁以下儿童病毒性腹泻的流行特征及病原学种类。方法 收集2011-2016年郑州地区5岁以下腹泻住院儿童粪便样本1 285份,采用ELISA法检测样本中的A组轮状病毒抗原,并对阳性者采用RT-PCR进行G/P基因分型;采用RT-PCR/PCR检测杯状病毒、星状病毒及肠道腺病毒。结果 共检出阳性样本552份,其中混合感染样本29份,总阳性率为42.96%。4种病毒阳性率分别为:31.98%、6.54%、4.20%、2.49%。A组轮状病毒和杯状病毒全年均可检出,A组轮状病毒的发病高峰为秋冬季,基因分型以G9和P[8]为主;杯状病毒季节特征不明显,6月和9月阳性率稍高,以诺如Ⅱ型为主。1岁半以内儿童4种腹泻病毒感染率分别占93.67%、94.05%、90.74%、87.50%。结论 郑州地区5岁以下婴幼儿腹泻的主要病原为A组轮状病毒和杯状病毒,1岁半以内儿童是病毒性腹泻的高发人群。  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the disease burden and characterize the epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in Latin America. METHODS: We conducted a literature review of studies of children < 5 years of age who were hospitalized or seen as outpatients for diarrhea and for whom rotavirus was sought as the etiologic agent of the diarrhea. This review included inpatient and outpatient studies published since 1998 that included at least 100 children and reported surveillance activities lasting at least 12 consecutive months. RESULTS: A total of 18 inpatient and 10 outpatient studies met the criteria for inclusion in this review. Rotavirus was detected in a median of 31% of inpatients (range, 16%-52%) and 30.5% of outpatients (range, 4%-42%). The median detection rate was higher in studies that used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (inpatients 38%, outpatients 33%) versus less sensitive methods of detection. The age distribution of rotavirus disease varied among countries, with 65%-85% of children hospitalized in the first year of life. Most countries had rotavirus admissions year round, and rotavirus generally exhibited a winter seasonal peak in both temperate and tropical climates. CONCLUSIONS: The heavy burden of disease attributable to rotavirus in Latin America suggests that vaccines currently being tested could have considerable impact in preventing hospitalizations, clinic visits, and deaths. The findings of the young age distribution of patients highlight the importance of early immunization for the success of a vaccine program. The data suggest that future surveillance for rotavirus diarrhea in Latin America should use a standardized surveillance protocol with an ELISA for detection. Data from surveillance studies will be critical to monitor the impact of the future introduction of vaccines.  相似文献   

12.
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the annual burden of diarrhea and of diarrhea that is associated with rotavirus (RV) in children who are treated at public clinics and hospitals in Honduras. METHODS: Data were collected from computerized records of all children < 5 years old treated for diarrhea at clinics and hospitals operated by the Secretary of Health for the period of 2000 through 2004. A review of studies of RV in Honduras and neighboring countries provided estimates of detection rates of RV among children treated for acute diarrhea as outpatients or as inpatients. From these data, we estimated the annual number of cases of diarrhea and of rotavirus-related diarrhea in Honduras, the cumulative incidence of diarrhea and of rotavirus-related diarrhea for a child from birth to age 5 years, and the number of fatalities due to RV among children hospitalized for diarrhea. RESULTS: From 2000 through 2004, a mean of 222,000 clinic visits, 4,390 hospitalizations, and 162 in-hospital deaths due to diarrhea were recorded annually among children < 5 years of age in the public health facilities in Honduras. From our review of scientific literature on Honduras and neighboring countries, an estimated 30% of outpatients and 43% of inpatients who were treated for diarrhea would be expected to have RV. Consequently, we estimated that 66,600 outpatient visits, 1,888 hospitalizations, and 70 in-hospital deaths among children < 5 years in Honduras could be attributed to RV each year. Therefore, a child in the first five years of life has a respective risk for consultation, hospitalization, and in-hospital death of 1:1, 1:46, and 1:1,235 for diarrhea. For an episode associated with RV, the respective risks are 1:3, 1:106, and 1:2,857. These values likely underestimate the true burden of diarrhea in Honduras, since some 51% of children with acute diarrhea do not receive formal care for the illness, 70% do not receive oral rehydration solution, and 80% of diarrheal deaths occur outside of hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Diarrhea is a major cause of illness among children < 5 years old in Honduras, and RV is likely the most common cause. Our preliminary estimates need to be refined so that health planners in Honduras can make decisions on the future use of rotavirus vaccines. A program of hospital-based surveillance for rotavirus in Honduras has been established to address this need.  相似文献   

13.
长春市儿童医院1998~2001年轮状病毒哨点监测分析   总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13  
目的 为在中国开发和应用轮状病毒疫苗提供流行病学背景资料。方法 以医院为基础的哨点监测,在长春市儿童医院5岁以下腹泻患儿中进行,收集患儿临床资料和粪便标本,轮状病毒检测用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)和/或酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),毒株分型用ELISA和/或逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT—PCR)。所有资料录入计算机进行数据分析。结果 3年监测中共调查2343例腹泻患儿,收集便样1211份,轮状病毒检出率门诊患儿和住院患儿分别为31.0%和52.9%。轮状病毒感染95.0%发生于2岁以下儿童。每年寒冷季节流行(11月到次年3月)。流行的轮状病毒G血清型依次为G1(82.4%)、G2(5.0%)、G3(3.3%)和G4(0.9%),P基因型以P[8]和P[4]为常见。共检出9种P~G结合的毒株,其中世界常见的4种流行株占75.6%。结论 轮状病毒流行毒株呈现超常多样性,轮状病毒是长春地区儿童重症腹泻的主要原因。  相似文献   

14.
Jin H  Wang B  Fang Z  Duan Z  Gao Q  Liu N  Zhang L  Qian Y  Gong S  Zhu Q  Shen X  Wu Q 《Vaccine》2011,29(44):7801-7806
Rotavirus infection is one of the most common causes of severe diarrhea in China. To evaluate the economic burden associated with rotavirus infection of children in China, we combined data on the disease burden of rotavirus-associated costs for samples comprising 832 outpatients and 604 inpatients from five seaside cities. The average social costs and direct medical costs for rotavirus-associated admissions were calculated to be US $61.64 and US $40.73 for outpatients, and US $684.15 and US $559.48 for inpatients, respectively, from October 1, 2006 to December 1, 2007. On average, the private cost ranged from US $54.64 for outpatients to US $454.24 for inpatients when children suffered from rotavirus infection. Accordingly, this cost accounted for 35.19-293% of the monthly income of an unskilled or service worker. We estimated that the annual number of children with rotavirus diarrhea was 12.10 million. Consequently, the total annual direct cost, total annual social cost, and total annual private cost were US $271.4 million, US $365.0 million, and US $290.0 million, respectively. Furthermore, rotavirus diarrhea affected children's behavior and emotions, which had a great influence on the caretakers’ quality of life. These data indicate the potential requirement for a safe and effective rotavirus vaccine to reduce the economic burden associated with rotavirus disease.  相似文献   

15.
目的 研究河北省卢龙县5岁以下婴幼儿杯状病毒腹泻的流行特点。方法 应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和逆转录—聚合酶链反应(RT—PCR)方法检测人类杯状病毒(HuCVs)。部分阳性标本的PCR产物经克隆测序,结合参考毒株相应的核苷酸序列进行进化分析。利用住院腹泻患者粪便样本中HuCVs的检出率,估计HuCVs腹泻住院率。结果 HuCVs检出率为31.6%,住院患者HuCVs阳性率为17.5%,主要分布在3~17月龄婴幼儿,发病主要集中在冬季。11株测序病毒之间的核苷酸序列同源性为55.1%~100%,均属于诺瓦克病毒(NLV)GⅡ遗传组。卢龙县2000年HuCVs流行株为NLVGⅡ-4和GⅡ-7,2001年为NLVGⅡ-3和GⅡ-7。初步估计HuCVs腹泻患者住院率为3.6‰。结论 河北省卢龙县婴幼儿中存在不同基因型杯状病毒感染,以NLVGⅡ组毒株为主,其疾病负担仅次于轮状病毒。  相似文献   

16.
目的:了解2011年乌鲁木齐地区腹泻患儿腺病毒(AdV)的感染情况,分析该地区AdV的基因亚型,进行AdV感染分子流行病学调查。方法:采集在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院住院和门诊≤5岁腹泻患儿粪便标本315份,采用胶体金法检测轮状病毒(RV)抗原,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)法对上述标本进行AdV检测,并对AdV阳性标本测序明确基因型。结果:315份粪便标本中共检出AdV阳性12例,总阳性率为3.81%,低于RV检出率26.35%,AdV和RV混合感染3例。AdV阳性标本中肠道腺病毒(EAdV,F组)Ad41占2.54%(8/315),其次是非肠道腺病毒(NEAdV)占1.27%(4/315),分别为Ad1、Ad3、Ad5、Ad7、Ad31型。12份阳性标本测序结果提示该地区AdV与参考株的核苷酸序列同源性为73%~99%。结论:乌鲁木齐地区AdV感染呈全年散发流行,未表现出明显的季节性,其主要的流行株为Ad41型。  相似文献   

17.
目的 研究马鞍山和苏州两所医院5a以下急性腹泻患儿轮状病毒感染情况。方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验对两市5a以下儿童的急性腹泻粪便标本1267份进行轮状病毒病原检测。结果 1267份标本中轮状病毒阳性378例,阳性率为29.83%。发病年龄主要在3a以下,流行季节高峰为11月份至次年1月份。结论 轮状病毒感染是两市5a以下儿童急性腹泻的主要致病原因之一。  相似文献   

18.

Background

Rotavirus diarrhea is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young children in both developed and developing countries. Hospitalization costs are a significant burden of both governments and households. The objective of this study was to estimate the economic burden associated with the hospitalization of children with non-rotavirus and rotavirus diarrhea in two provinces in Thailand.

Method

A prospective incidence-based cost-of-illness study was conducted on children under five years old with acute diarrhea who had been admitted to public hospitals in two provinces during October 2012 and June 2013. Caregivers were interviewed to estimate costs from a societal perspective at 2014 values. Stool samples were examined for rotavirus antigens. Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess the relationship of predictor variables to costs. Annual economic burden of rotavirus hospitalization was estimated by multiplying the number of hospitalized children and the hospitalization cost per episode. The costs were converted to international dollars (I$) using purchasing power parity (PPP) (1 USD?=?12.36 baht for the year 2014).

Results

Seven hundred and eighty-eight cases of acute diarrhea were included in the analysis. Of the total, one hundred and ninety-seven (25%) were detected as being rotavirus positive. Total societal costs of inpatient care per episode were 822.68 USD (10,165 Baht). The average costs of children with and without rotavirus were 903.39 USD (11,162 Baht) and 795.40 USD (9,827 Baht), respectively. Based on the multiple regression analysis, rotavirus infection, severity, and younger age were significantly associated with the higher costs.

Conclusion

Diarrhea, rotavirus diarrhea in particular, represents of a substantial economic burden in the society in Thailand. The accurate estimates that societal costs of the rotavirus diarrhea hospitalizations provide valuable input for considering a preventive program.  相似文献   

19.
目的评估槐荫区手足口病经济负担。方法选取国家疾病监测信息报告系统中2012年槐荫区报告的手足口病例,采取问卷调查及医院收费系统查询相结合的方法,收集病例就医过程、相关费用和医疗保险等信息,估算手足口病例经济负担。结果共调查手足口病门诊病例125例,住院病例57例,重症病例3例。门诊、住院、重症直接医疗费用的中位数分别为800、4 290、21 914元,直接非医疗费用的中位数分别为80、200、150元,间接经济损失的中位数分别为585、1 170、1 421元。2012年槐荫区手足口病总体经济负担为297.13万元,其中直接经济负担193.84万元,间接经济损失103.29万元。参加至少一种医疗保险的病例占75.14%,医疗保险可为门诊、住院、重症分别减轻0.00%、28.92%和21.83%的直接医疗费用。结论手足口病给患者和社会造成了较重的经济负担。提高医疗保险覆盖率、扩大可报销费用范围、减少住院比例将有助于减轻患者的经济负担;控制和降低发病率,才能有效减轻手足口病对社会的经济负担。  相似文献   

20.
北京友谊医院1998~2001年轮状病毒哨点监测分析   总被引:19,自引:2,他引:19       下载免费PDF全文
目的 了解5岁以下儿童中以医院为基础的轮状病毒流行情况。方法 按WHO轮状病毒监测的通用方法(CID-98)进行,轮状病毒检测采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳/酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)。毒株分型用ELISA/逆转录聚合酶链反应。结果从1998年4月至2001年3月收集的484份腹泻患儿粪便标本中,检出阳性标本:123份,总的轮状病毒感染检出率为25.4%,住院和门诊患儿检出率分别是31.6%和27.3%,而在轮状病毒流行季节,则可以引起高达46.2%急性腹泻住院率。腹泻患儿发病呈现两个明显的季节高峰:一个由细菌性痢疾引起的夏季(6~9月)发病高峰,另一个是轮状病毒感染腹泻造成的秋冬季(10~12月)发病高峰。轮状病毒感染96.8%发生于3岁以下幼儿,主要在6~11月龄(38.2%)和1~2岁(28.5%)年龄组,轮状病毒感染率在6~35月龄年龄段最高。流行的轮状病毒G血清型依次为G1(55.3%)、G2(26.8%)、G3(9.8%)和G4(0.8%),没有发现G9型,10份(8.1%)标本未能分型,混合感染(0.8%)罕见。结论 轮状病毒腹泻是北京市儿童的重要传染病,开发应用安全有效的轮状病毒疫苗将对减轻轮状病毒疾病负担有重要作用。  相似文献   

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