ZD立体定向手术系统的临床应用

目的探讨ZD(Zamorano-Duiovny)立体定向手术系统的临床应用.方法采用ZD立体手术系统,将CT扫描的资料输入计算机工作站,STP软件对病灶进行精确的测量定位,制定治疗计划后,定向手术摘除78例位于脑深部或位于运动区的颅内病灶.结果ZD系统可迅速地对脑深部的小型病灶进行精确定位,本组所有的病灶均做到了一次性定向摘除,未出现永久性的手术并发症.结论应用ZD系统行脑深部及运动区的立体定向手术是安全有效的.     

立体定向开颅术中病灶边缘点的定位

目的：通过对脑深部病灶边缘点定位．在立体定向开颅手术中引导术，以期彻底切除病灶。方法：应用驹井式计算机体层摄影(CT)立体定向仪对11例脑深部病灶进行立体定向开颅手术，其中腔质瘤8例．转移瘤3例．直径25～45mm．影像学显示肿瘤边界不清。术前对病灶边缘点三维座标进行测量登记，术中通过导针引导切除病灶。结果：术后半月内增强CT或磁共振成像(MRI)扫描显示：9例病灶完全消失．2例肿瘤周边有少许残余。无手术死亡及昏迷等。结论：对于脑深部边缘不清的病灶，在立体定向开颅手术切除病灶时，对病灶边缘点定位．可较彻底切除病灶，减少手术病灶残留。     

CT脑立体定向显微直视手术切除脑功能区及深部病变

ＣＴ脑立体定向显微直视手术切除脑功能区及深部病变张剑宁章翔易声禹杨桂兰李安民梁景文近年来脑立体定向技术的应用范围日益扩大，将此技术与显微神经外科手术相结合，用于切除脑功能区及脑深部小病灶，可使手术精确性明显提高，手术附加损伤很少，属微侵袭神经外科范畴...     

立体定向标记经脑窥镜显微手术脑深部肿瘤切除

立体定向引导小骨窗开颅与显微手术相结合，称为立体定向显微外科手术近年来已较普遍地应用于脑功能区和脑深部小型囊性病灶的手术中。但是位于脑深部体积较大和边界不清的肿瘤，术中准确地确定病灶边界和有效的手术显露往往较为困难。我科自1997年2月至1999年10月，采用立体定     

经脑沟入路切除脑功能区深部小病灶:22例报告

目的探讨脑功能区深部小病灶手术切除的方式和方法。方法 22例位于脑功能区深部小病灶,均采用立体定向引导,经脑沟入路的方式进行病灶显微手术切除。结果 22例病灶均获得全切除,术后3例短期内功能下降,3个月后有不同程度的恢复。结论立体定向引导经脑沟入路进行脑功能区深部小病灶显微手术切除,可以在保留皮层功能的情况下切除病灶。     

脑深部病灶立体定向开颅术中病灶边缘点定位的应用

脑深部病灶立体定向开颅术中病灶边缘点定位的应用张世忠徐如祥陈长才李铁林段传志杨志林张旺民我科自１９９２年１１月至１９９７年２月，应用驹井式立体定向仪对１３例脑深部较大病灶进行边缘定位手术，报告如下。对象和方法一、一般资料：男性９例，女性４例，平均年龄...     

立体定向引导微创显微外科手术切除脑肿瘤

目的探索立体定向引导显微外科手术治疗脑深部小肿溜;方法采用FischerZD立体定向仪和SOMATOMPLUS4CT机为为立体定向引导系统,显微外科切除脑深部微小病灶15例,其中垂体微腺瘤9例,颞、顶深部海绵状血管瘤4例,尾状核星形细胞瘤2例.结果15病灶均被顺利找到切除,无手术并发症和死亡.结论立体定向引导显微外科手术切除脑深部微小病灶,是一种简单、安全和有效的微创手术方法.     

CT引导立体定向脑深部病变活检术（附310例报告）

１９９１年１月至１９９５年９月采用ＣＴ引导立体定向技术对３１０例脑深部或脑功能区病灶进行了活检手术。病变位于鞍区６２例，基底节区５１例，第三脑室后部３８例，大脑半球深部７４例，脑室内２１例，颅内多发性病灶３８例，脑干内９例，小脑半球１７例。活检总阳性率为９６％，肿瘤检出率为８５．８％。５例并发颅内出血（１．６１％）。认为ＣＴ引导的立体定向脑深部病变活检是一种明确颅内占位病变的组织学诊断并利于采取最佳治疗措施的最可靠的方法。     

立体定向微创手术治疗脑内病灶

脑立体定向手术具有微创手术的特点 ,对脑内病灶及其毗邻解剖结构精确定位 ,使手术器械能精确地到达脑内任何一点 ,对脑功能区及脑深部小病灶、囊性病灶的手术治疗具有巨大优点。我们从1999年至 2 0 0 2年应用头颅CT引导立体定向微创手术治疗脑内病灶患者 4 1例 ,取得良好效果 ,现报告如下 :资料与方法1.一般资料　男 2 3例 ,女 18例 ,年龄 5～ 71岁(5岁患者为 1先心病合并脑脓肿者 ,余患者均大于7岁 ) ,平均 4 5岁 ,小病灶 18例。病变部位 :运动区皮层下 6例 ,语言中枢皮层下 3例 ,顶叶 3例 ,脑深部 4例 ,病灶最小者 1cm× 1cm× 1.5cm ,…     

立体定向开颅术中病灶边缘点的定位

目的:通过对脑深部病灶边缘点定位,在立体定向开颅手术中引导术者,以期彻底切除病灶。方法:应用驹井式计算机体层摄影(CT)立体定向仪对11例脑深部病灶进行立体定向开颅手术,其中胶质瘤8例,转移瘤3例,直径25～45mm,影像学显示肿瘤边界不清。术前对病灶边缘点三维座标进行测量登记,术中通过导针引导切除病灶。结果:术后半月内增强CT或磁共振成像(MRI)扫描显示:9例病灶完全消失,2例肿瘤周边有少许残余。无手术死亡及昏迷等。结论:对于脑深部边缘不清的病灶,在立体定向开颅手术切除病灶时,对病灶边缘点定位,可较彻底切除病灶,减少手术病灶残留。     

Stereotactic craniotomy for lesions in eloquent areas

CT compatible stereotactic systems are being increasingly used in the management of intracranial mass lesions. This study deals with the use of BRW stereotactic system for excisional biopsy of small (<30 mm), superficial, solitary cerebral lesions located in eloquent areas. Out of a total of 113 cases of stereotactic craniotomy carried out in the department since 1987, 78 fitted the above criteria. Out of these 78 patients, 70 lesions (90%) were less than 20 mm in size. Local anaesthesia was used in 10 cases (13%) whereas the rest had general anaesthesia. Cortical incision using standard techniques were used in 51 patients (65%), whereas in 27 patients (35%) excisional biopsy was done using trans-sulcal microsurgical techniques. Twenty-one (41%) patients had some degree of neurological deficit in the immediate postoperative period when a cortical incision was used compared to 4 patients (15%) when a trans-sulcal microsurgical excisional biopsy was done (P < 0.05). However, significant neurological deficits were present in 10 cases (12.8%) and all but two had had cortical incisions. When assessed one month after surgery significant residual deficit was present in only 2 patients (2.5%) who had had cortical incisions. There was no postoperative infection or mortality in this series. CT guided stereotactic craniotomy coupled with trans-sulcal microsurgical techniques can be safely used for the excisional biopsy of small superficial lesions located in eloquent areas of the brain.     

Complications in 622 cases of frame-based stereotactic biopsy, a decreasing procedure

BACKGROUND: Frame-based stereotactic brain biopsy has played an important role in the management of patients with suspected neoplastic intracranial lesions over the last three decades. We reviewed the surgical experience of one surgeon to determine the nature and frequency of complications associated with this procedure. METHODS: Records were reviewed for 858 patients undergoing frame-based stereotactic procedures from January 1986 to May 2006. Data on each case were prospectively collected by the senior author. Procedures for Ommaya reservoir placement, brachytherapy, stereotactic craniotomy flap localization, shunt placement, or treatment of previously-diagnosed intracranial cystic lesions were excluded, leaving 614 patients in whom a total of 622 procedures were performed for purely diagnostic purposes. Complication rates and their association with clinical variables were sought. RESULTS: Morbidity and mortality rates were 6.9% (43/622) and 1.3% (8/622), respectively. The risk of symptomatic hemorrhage (intracerebral hemorrhage [ICH], subarachnoid hemorrhage [SAH], intraventricular hemorrhage [IVH]) was 4.8%. The risks of transient or permanent neurological deficits were 2.9% (18/622) and 1.5% (9/622), respectively. Biopsy of deep-seated lesions was associated with increased overall complication rate, while biopsy of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) was associated with perioperative mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, complication rates were comparable with those in previous reports. The subgroup of patients with deep-seated lesions or a histologic diagnosis of GBM may possess an elevated risk of overall complications or mortality, respectively, compared to other patients undergoing frame-based stereotactic brain biopsy.     

立体定向引导微创外科手术切除脑肿瘤

目的　探索立体定向引导微创外科手术治疗脑深部小肿瘤可能性。方法　采用F LFischerZD立体定向仪和SOMATOMPLUS4CT机作为立体定向引导系统 ,微创外科切除脑深部微小病灶 15例 ,其中垂体微腺瘤9例 ,颞、顶深部海绵状血管瘤 4例 ,尾状核星形细胞瘤 2例。手术时 ,由CT扫描确定病灶靶点 ,通过立体定向仪计算机软件计算靶点坐标 ,最后根据靶点坐标数据调整导向臂X、Y、Z ,由导针引导直至找到病灶。结果　 15病灶均顺利找到和切除 ,无手术并发症和死亡。结论　立体定向引导微创外科手术切除脑深部微小病灶是一种简单、安全和有效的手术方法     

Stereotactic surgery in the management of deep intracranial lesions in infants and adolescents

Over a period of 5 years, 34 pediatric patients underwent stereotactic surgery for deep-seated brain lesions: 32 patients proved to have a brain tumor, and in 2 cases the lesion was not tumoral; 15 patients with low-grade astrocytomas were treated with ¹²⁵I interstitial radiotherapy. The importance of stereotactic surgery is emphasized because of its relative safeness, diagnostic reliability, and the possibility of eventual brachytherapy.     

立体定向手术切除颅内小病灶(附46例临床分析)

目的 探讨CT或MRI导向的立体定向手术切除颅内小病灶的应用价值,总结手术治疗的经验.方法 采用Leksell-G型立体定向仪,在CT或MRI导向下对46例直径1.0～3.0cm的颅内小病灶定位,通过小骨窗开颅和显微外科技术去除病灶.结果 46例颅内小病灶均精确定位,在直视或显微镜下全切除.全组无手术严重并发症及相关死亡.31例有癫痫症状患者术后24例症状完全消失,7例发作次数显著减少.25例术前有神经功能障碍的患者,术后20例恢复正常,3例减轻,2例无改善.结论 CT或MRI导向下的立体定向手术为颅内小病灶的切除提供了一种简便、准确、安全、微侵袭且疗效较为满意的手术方法.     

Stereotactic procedures in neurosurgery – indications and results of 71 cases

Summary CT- or MRI-guided stereotactic procedures should be a standard in a modern neurosurgical unit. Analysing 71 cases the indications and results of stereotactic neurosurgery are presented. In 53 patients stereotactic serial biopsies of different intraaxial lesions were performed, in 5 patients a spontaneous haemorrhage of the basal ganglia was removed by lysis with r-tPA. In 3 patients suffering from hydrocephalus due to diencephalic cysts a cystventricular shunt device was implanted. In 3 patients an intracerebral abscess was aspirated and drained. A stereotactic guided craniotomy and excision of small deep-seated lesions was performed in 6 cases. The accuracy of stereotactic tumour biopsies was 88.7 % in our series, in accordance to other authors. The stereotactic aspiration and drainage of an intracerebral abscess provides accurate localization and minimal cortical damage and offers the possibility of intracavitary application of antibiotics. The stereotactic internal shunt implantation seems to be an alternative approach in the treatment of diencephalic cysts due to its minimal invasiveness and low operative risk. The aspiration of basal ganglia haematomas with insertion of an external drainage allows the lysis of the haematoma with r-tPA or urokinase. With stereotactic guidance small, deep-seated intraaxial lesions can be well localized and removed.      

计算机体层摄影立体定向在神经外科的应用

目的:应用CT立体定向术对脑深部及功能区的病变进行病理学诊断和治疗.方法:自1990年以来采用CT立体定向技术对68例脑深部和功能区的颅内囊性肿瘤进行了定向病检,排除囊液,瘤腔内放置Omaya管和瘤腔胶体磷酸铬内放疗,功能区脑脓肿定向排脓,脑深部病灶定向病检.结果:31例囊性颅咽管瘤经12～66个月随访,25例(80.7%)瘤腔持续消失,3例较前显著缩小,3例瘤实质增大;7例囊性胶质瘤中,2例25～38个月无复发,5例13个月后相继复发;3例囊性转移癌虽在6～18个月内死亡,但颅内放疗病灶无复发;5例功能区脑脓肿全部治愈而无明显后遗症.22例脑深部病灶20例获得病理学诊断,全组无严重并发症和无死亡率.结论:CT立体定向瘤腔内放疗对治疗脑深部和功能区囊性为主的肿瘤应为首选的治疗方法.     

Epilepsy and Brain Tumors: Implications for Treatment

Summary: Primary intraparenchymal tumors of the brain are important etiologic factors in partial or focal epilepsy. Indolent low-grade gliomas may be associated with a long-standing seizure disorder refractory to medical treatment. Surgical resection of the neoplasm and the epileptogenic area may render patients seizure-free. Removal of the tumor alone may also be associated with an excellent survival rate and surgical outcome. Conventional neurosurgical procedures are restricted in patients with tumors that are deep-seated lesions or involve functional cerebral cortex. Computer-assisted stereotactic surgical procedures have been developed for biopsy and resection of intra-axial brain-mass lesions. Stereotactic tumor resection may allow pathological determination of intracranial lesions and produce a worthwhile reduction in seizure activity in some patients with intractable partial epilepsy.     

功能磁共振导航辅助锁孔手术治疗脑皮质运动区占位性病变（附10例分析）

目的探讨功能磁共振导航（蹦砌）辅助锁孔手术治疗脑皮质运动区占位性病变的临床价值。方法回顾性分析10例涉及脑皮质运动区占位性病变的手术情况。术前均行fMRI扫描,将图像输入史赛克导航系统后指导锁孔手术入路的设计;术中根据运动激活区与病变的关系,实时利用导航引导手术切除病变。结果病变全切除8例（80％）,次全切除1例,部分切除1例。术后出现一过性肌力障碍加重4例,其他病人肌力水平同术前。术后3个月随访,肌力水平较术前均无恶化,且其中2例较术前改善。结论fMRI导航辅助锁孔手术治疗皮质运动区占位性病变,在最大程度切除病变的同时能有效保护神经功能。从而提高手术安全性,减少手术并发症．改善病人术后的生活质量。     

颅内特殊部位病变的立体定向活检术

目的 探讨颅内特殊部位病变立体定向活检的手术技巧及影响因素.方法 总结1994年12月～2005年12月间对颅内特殊部位病变行MR导向立体定向活检的106例病例.患者年龄6～76岁,平均42.5岁,其中男62例,女44例,病灶位于鞍区13例,基底节区35例,松果体区51例,脑干7例.使用1.0T MR机定位和Leksell-G型定向仪,ASA-602立体定向手术计划系统行定位影像三维重建并选择最佳靶点、入颅点和活检轨迹.所有靶点均使用Sedan活检针活检,活检组织标本行术中快速冰冻病检,术后行常规病理检查,必要时行免疫组化检查.结果 本组106例,获得明确病理诊断103例,其中生殖细胞瘤37例,松果体母细胞瘤5例,淋巴瘤11例,转移瘤14例,感染性病灶7例,胶质瘤26例,脑变性疾病3例;阴性(轻度胶质增生)3例.病理诊断阳性率97.17%.活检后少量出血2例,全组病例无死亡.结论 立体定向活检术是一种安全、定位精确、高诊断率的脑部疑难病变定性诊断方法,对颅内特殊部位病变的病理学诊断具有重要价值.