先天性巨结肠类缘病与先天性巨结肠的钡灌肠表现对照分析

目的:对照分析先天性巨结肠类缘病(HAD)与先天性巨结肠(HD)的钡灌肠(BE)表现,以提高对HAD的诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的22例HAD(HAD组为研究组)的BE表现,并与22例HD(HD组为对照组)的BE表现进行对照,分析两组间痉挛段、移行段出现概率、扩张段与移行段/痉挛段之间肠壁夹角、24h后钡剂残留位置及概率的差异。结果:HAD组与HD组间移行段出现概率、扩张段与移行段/痉挛段之间肠壁夹角的差异均有统计学意义(P=0.014,P=0.000);而痉挛段出现概率、24h后钡剂残留位置的差异均无统计学意义(P=0.240,P=0.185)。结论:HAD与HD的BE表现类似;移行段较少出现、扩张段与移行段/痉挛段之间肠壁夹角较大,可能有助于HAD诊断。     

先天性巨结肠类缘病的X线诊断——与先天性巨结肠对照分析

目的 探讨先天性巨结肠类缘病的X线表现特征.资料与方法 回顾分析经病理证实的14例巨结肠类缘病患者的钡剂灌肠X线表现,并与先天性巨结肠进行对照分析.结果 14例X线表现多样.9例直肠、乙状结肠或降结肠有痉挛狭窄,其中2例呈跳跃性狭窄,1例直肠及整个结肠细小,近段结肠有不同程度的扩张;13例未见移行段;24 h复查13例结肠内有大量钡剂残留;12例结肠有较多痉挛切迹;3例整个结肠张力高呈"腊肠样",不扩张或稍扩张.巨结肠类缘病的X线征象与巨结肠比较移行段、痉挛段肠管不规则收缩的P值＜0.05,24 h钡剂残留情况及痉挛狭窄段P值＞0.05.结论 钡剂灌肠有下列X线征象时应警惕有巨结肠类缘病:(1)痉挛段长且有较多痉挛切迹,痉挛段与扩张段之间没有移行段;(2)结肠张力高,形态僵直如"腊肠样";(3)"跳跃型"和"全结肠型"痉挛狭窄.     

改良式手术治疗先天性巨结肠31例

先天性巨结肠根治手术方法颇多,均有一定的并发症。1990年以来,我们在结肠切除、盆腔内低位直肠-结肠吻合术(Rehbin)的基础上,同时行后位内括约肌纵向切断术,治疗小儿先天性巨结肠31例,取得满意疗效。1　临床资料1.1　一般情况　本组31例,男22例,女9例;年龄2～8岁。出生后均不能自己大便,须扩肛或灌肠排便。1.2　X线钡灌肠造影检查　通过钡充盈和排泄过程,可以动态观察各段肠管的形态及蠕动功能。主要表现为:扩张段口径与狭窄段口经呈明显差异,直肠、乙状结肠远端细狭,乙状结肠近端及降结肠明显扩张;有时移行段也能清晰显影,呈漏斗状。扩张…     

新生儿先天性巨结肠不典型X线征群的探讨

目的　探讨新生儿先天性巨结肠不典型X线征群的诊断价值。方法　搜集经手术和病理证实的 36例先天性巨结肠新生儿 ,设为病例组 ;对照组为同期亦经手术和病理证实的 37例非先天性巨结肠新生儿。对他们的腹部平片和钡剂灌肠结果进行对照研究。结果　新生儿先天性巨结肠腹部平片多表现为结肠低位梗阻和肠淤张 (2 3例 ,占 70 % ) ,少部分表现为小肠低位梗阻 (9例 ,占2 7% ) ,与对照组比较差异无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 )。阴性表现者 1例 ,与对照组比较 ,差异具有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 )。直肠下端局限性切迹 (13例 )、直肠和下段乙状结肠螺旋形或不规则大锯齿状收缩 (8例 )、2 4h随访钡剂潴留 (18例 )、结肠炎表现 (11例 )、结肠空肠化 (4例 )、钡粪相混征 (18例 )和胎儿型结肠 (6例 )为钡剂灌肠不典型征群。前 3者在病例组和对照组比较 ,差异具有非常显著性意义 (P <0 0 1) ;后 3者差异无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 )。局限性切迹、直肠和下段乙状结肠螺旋形或不规则大锯齿状收缩、2 4h随访钡剂潴留 3个钡剂灌肠征象对新生儿先天性巨结肠的诊断敏感度分别为 38%、2 4 %、5 3% ;特异度分别为 95 %、10 0 %、78% ;正确指数 (Youden指数 )分别为 0 33、0 2 4、0 31。结论　直肠下端局限性切迹、直肠和下段乙     

小儿先天性巨结肠围手术期的护理探讨

先天性巨结肠(Congenital megacolon,Hirschsprung disease．简称HD)是小儿先天性消化道畸形，主要病变为结肠末端肠壁肌问神经结缺如或发育不全，致该部肠管呈顽固性痉挛，从而引起慢性肠梗阻，近侧结肠因长期受阻，肠壁肥厚而扩张。新生儿有胎粪排出延迟、反复便秘、腹胀、进行性营养不良，X线钡灌肠有典型征象：病变痉挛段、移行区、巨     

先天性巨结肠51例分析

先天性巨结肠是一种常见肠道畸形,我院1984年～2000年收治先天性巨结肠(Hirschsprung Disease,HD)51例,现结合文献报告如下。1 资料和方法1.1 一般情况 本组男50例,女1例,年龄14d～14岁。<3月6例,3月～1岁6例,1～3岁8例,3～5岁23例,5～10岁6例,>10岁2例。1.2 临床表现及主要检查 胎便延迟排出38例,反复腹胀便秘32例,呕吐12例,肛门指诊直肠空虚46例,腹部立位平片示不全性肠梗阻12例。钡剂灌肠结果:超短段型6例,短段型9例,常见型33例,长段型3例。24h结肠钡剂残留40例。41例术后病理均证实为HD。1.3 治疗方法 分为非手术治疗和手术治疗。非手术治疗采用扩肛、开塞露纳肛、灌肠、导泻及中药治疗;手术治疗采     

婴幼儿先天性巨结肠的X线诊断

目的：探讨婴幼儿先天性巨结肠的X线诊断要点.方法：收集我院47例经手术及病理证实的先天性巨结肠患儿,分析其腹部立位片及结肠钡剂造影的影像学表现.结果：腹部立位片示低位结肠不全性梗阻35例,肠淤张17例,小肠低住梗阻1例.结肠钡剂造影显示常见型39例,短段型5例,超短段型2例,长段型1例,征象可见痉挛段、移行段及扩张段,其中3例新生儿及超短段型狭窄段显示不明显,3例移行段显示不明显,24 h复查38例有不同程度钡剂残留.结论：凡临床怀疑先天性巨结肠的婴幼儿应尽早行腹部立位片及结肠钡剂造影检查,并随访观察24 h钡剂排空情况,对其早期诊断及治疗有重要意义.     

小儿先天性巨结肠不典型X线征群对诊断的意义

目的：探讨新生儿先天性巨结肠不典型X线征的诊断价值。方法：搜集经手术和病理证实的34例具有不典型X线征的先天性巨结肠新生儿．对他们的腹部平片和钡剂灌肠结果进行研究。结果：新生儿先天性巨结肠腹部平片多表现为结肠低位梗阻和肠淤胀(23例，占67．6％)，少部分表现为小肠低位梗阻(9例，占26．5％)。直肠下端局限性切迹(13例)，直肠和下段乙状结肠的螺旋形或不规则大锯齿状收缩(8例)，24h随访钡剂潴留(18例)．结肠炎表现(11例)．为钡剂灌肠不典型征群。结论：直肠下端局限性切迹和直肠下段乙状结肠的螺旋形或不规则大锯齿状收缩以及24h随访钡剂潴留、结肠炎表现征象对于新生儿不典型先天巨结肠的诊断价值较大。     

婴儿先天性巨结肠X线诊断

目的：探讨婴儿先天性巨结肠的Ｘ线特征及其检查方法。材料和方法：经手术及病理证实的１７例婴儿先天性巨结肠的Ｘ线表现与手术结果对照。结果：婴儿先天性巨结肠好发于直肠及乙状结肠的交界处。最典型的Ｘ线表现为狭窄、移行、扩张段并２４小时后均有不同程度的钡潴留。婴儿期先天性巨结肠的检查方法具有一定的特殊性。结论：Ｘ线检查是诊断婴儿先天性巨结肠的重要方法,绝大多数病例具有典型的表现。     

吻合器治疗小儿低位先天性巨结肠8例

我们采用吻合器治疗先天性巨结肠8例,Ⅰ期结直肠吻合。随访3～6个月,生活质量良好。现报告如下。1 资料和方法1.1 临床资料 患者8例,男6例,女2例,年龄2～12岁,平均6.2岁。常见型5例,短段型2例,超短段型1例。其中1例常见型患者已行结肠造口。切除最长肠管40cm,最短15cm。全部病例行钡灌肠检查,明确诊断,病理证实。平均住院15 d。1.2 手术方法 常规术前准备,腹腔探查后,分离直肠至齿线附近,直肠后侧较前侧要低,吻合口通常在齿线上1～1.5cm处,故距齿线2 cm切除肠管。移出标本,远端快速冰冻病理检查,证实已存在神经节细胞,否则,继续向下切除直至神经节细胞存在。分别用10号线于结肠近端和直肠断端荷包缝合,将管状吻合器(美国强生公司生产,型号SDH25或     

赫什朋病的X线诊断(附49例分析)

目的：提高对赫什朋病特征性X线征象的认识。方法：49例患儿均行钡剂灌肠检查，并经手术病理证实，将其X线征象狭窄段、移行段、24h钡剂残留情况及狭窄段肠管不规则收缩进行统计学处理，计算其敏感性、特异性、阳性预告值、假阳性率、阴性预告值、假阴性率、约登指数。结果：49例中，短段型(17／49)、常见型(24／49)、长段型(8／49)；赫什朋病39例，非赫什朋病10例，它们的敏感性、特异性、阳性预告值、假阳性率、阴性预告值、假阴性率、约登指数，狭窄段分别是95％、30％、84％、70％、60％、5％、25％；移行段分别是74％、90％、97％、10％、47％、26％、64％；24h钡剂残留情况分别是79％、60％、89％、40％、43％、21％、39％；狭窄段肠管不规则收缩分别是31％、100％、100％、0、27％、69％、31％。结论：在赫什朋病的钡剂灌肠X线征象中，移行段最高可靠，狭窄段最常见，狭窄段肠管不规则收缩的特异性最高，24h钡剂残留对早期不典型的赫什朋病的诊断具有重要意义，常见型X线诊断最可靠。     

Hirschsprung disease: accuracy of the barium enema examination

To determine the relative accuracy of the various radiologic signs of Hirschsprung disease (HD), we retrospectively reviewed both radiographs obtained after a barium enema and the medical records of 62 children who had surgery to prove or exclude the diagnosis of HD. The visualization of a rectosigmoid transition zone was highly predictive of HD, but nonvisualization did not rule out HD. A false positive transition zone at the splenic flexure was seen in four neonates who had small left colon syndrome rather than HD. Retention of barium seen on radiographs obtained 24 hours after a barium enema was not a specific sign, but it was the only sign of HD in seven neonates, including two who had total colonic aganglionosis. Anal manipulation prior to the barium enema examination did not affect the diagnostic value of that procedure. We conclude that the single most reliable radiographic sign of HD is the presence of a rectosigmoid transition zone. Statistically, the use of three radiographic features combined (rectosigmoid transition zone, retention of barium, and stool mixed with barium) correlated better with the presence or absence of HD than did any of these features alone. A comparison of 24 and 48 hour postevacuation radiographs may help to differentiate HD from meconium plug syndrome.     

Volvulus of the splenic flexure: radiographic features

Six cases of splenic flexure volvulus were studied over a 14-year period. The patients were aged 15-62 years. Five of the six patients were mentally retarded, lifelong residents of a long-term-care institution. Two patients had congenital absence of normal colonic attachments; the other four patients had elongated mesocolons, presumably from chronic constipation. All patients underwent abdominal radiography, followed by a barium enema study. In the appropriate clinical setting, radiographic diagnosis of a splenic flexure volvulus is suggested when the following are seen: (a) a markedly dilated, air-filled colon wtih an abrupt termination at the anatomic splenic flexure; (b) two widely separated air-fluid levels, one in the transverse colon and the other in the cecum; (c) an empty descending and sigmoid colon; and (d) a characteristic beak at the anatomic splenic flexure at a barium enema examination.     

Obstruction of the sigmoid colon due to an ovarian metastasis of colonic origin

The authors present a case of left ovarian metastasis from colon carcinoma causing sigmoid obstruction. On US and CT the ovarian mass appears as a primary malignant lesion. The lesion caused a regular sigmoid stenosis which mimicked, on barium enema, a volvulus and screened the primary lesion.     

Barium filling for glucagon-resistant spasm on double-contrast barium enema examinations

Severe glucagon-resistant spasm on double-contrast barium enema (DCE) examinations may occasionally lead to a nondiagnostic examination or erroneously suggest colonic disease. In such cases, this glucagon-resistant spasm may be overcome by refilling the colon with single-contrast barium immediately after completion of the DCE examination.     

Diverticular disease: imaging with post-double-contrast sigmoid flush

In a prospective study, the effect of infusion of a low-density contrast material was evaluated as an adjunct to high-density, double-contrast imaging of the sigmoid colon. After double-contrast barium enema (DCBE) study, 52 consecutive patients with sigmoid diverticulosis received an additional 500-750-mL enema either with water or a 1.5% barium suspension for computed tomography. Rectosigmoid radiographs were evaluated for luminal distention, visualization of the interhaustral space, definition of diverticula, and interpretation of polypoid defects. While double-contrast views were excellent in 21% of patients, improvement in multiple factors by water or 1.5% barium flush resulted in improved sigmoid images in 65% and 75% of patients, respectively. Polyps were confirmed and artifactual defects confidently excluded. Sigmoid flush, particularly with low-density barium, is a simple adjunct to DCBE study that improves visualization of the diverticular sigmoid and increases interpretive confidence.     

Usefulness of CT colonography in the preoperative evaluation of patients with distal occlusive colorectal carcinoma

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of preoperative virtual colonoscopy to study the proximal colon in patients with distal occlusive carcinomas, diagnosed by conventional colonoscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 19 patients aged 46 to 83 years (13 men and 6 women) with distal occlusive colorectal carcinomas diagnosed by conventional colonoscopy, who were preoperatively studied with virtual colonoscopy. Patients with acute bowel obstruction were excluded. Results were compared with the findings of preoperative conventional colonoscopy and barium enema examination, intraoperative colon palpation, histopathologic outcome, postoperative conventional colonoscopy and barium enema examination. RESULTS: Virtual colonoscopy identified all 19 distal occlusive colon carcinomas and 22 synchronous lesions, 2 cancers (prevalence 10,6%) and 20 polyps (prevalence 68,4%). Both synchronous cancers were confirmed intraoperatively by direct palpation. Postoperative conventional colonoscopy, which was performed in 18 patients, confirmed the presence of 15 polyps in 12 patients. Three subcentimeter polyps were removed during conventional colonoscopy and were missed at virtual colonoscopy. Two polyps shown by virtual colonoscopy were not found at conventional colonoscopy. Postoperative barium enema was performed in three patients and confirmed three polyps identified at virtual colonoscopy. Preoperative barium enema was performed in five patients and failed to adequately demonstrate the proximal colon. Virtual colonoscopy showed a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 75%. CONCLUSIONS: Virtual CT colonoscopy can be considered an important diagnostic technique to evaluate preoperatively the proximal colon in patients with distal occlusive carcinomas,as it gives better results than barium enema or conventional colonoscopy, as well as being well tolerated and less invasive.     

Salmonella colitis: assessment with double-contrast barium enema examination in seven patients.

To completely rule out the possibility of ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease, and other diseases, the authors analyzed the radiographic findings at double-contrast barium enema examination performed in seven patients with colitis caused by Salmonella organisms. In all patients, bacteriologic confirmation of nontyphoid Salmonella infection and radiographs of the upper gastrointestinal tract were obtained. Total colonoscopy was performed in five patients and sigmoidoscopy in one patient. In all patients, the radiographic findings were retrospectively analyzed. The descending colon and sigmoid colon were affected in six patients, whereas the rectum was affected in none. The findings included fine mucosal granularity (seven patients), loss of haustration (six patients), many fine ulcerations (five patients), and multiple ulcers (two patients). The radiographic features simulated those of ulcerative colitis, except for absence of rectal abnormality. It is concluded that double-contrast barium enema examination is useful for detection of fine mucosal changes.     

Spasmolytic effect of peppermint oil in barium during double-contrast barium enema compared with Buscopan

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of peppermint oil in barium as a spasmolytic agent during a double-contrast barium enema (DCBE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 383 DCBEs with positive results from occult blood tests were assessed. Patients were assigned to one of four groups: peppermint in barium (n=91), peppermint in tube (n=90), Buscopan (n=105), or no treatment (n=97). After a screening sigmoidoscopy, the DCBEs were performed using air as a distending gas. In the Buscopan group, the DCBE was performed with an intramuscular injection of 20mg Buscopan at the start of the examination. Patients in the no-treatment group underwent DCBE without any spasmolytic agent. A peppermint oil preparation (30ml) was mixed in the barium solution for patients in the peppermint-in-barium group, and the same dose of peppermint oil was included in the enema tube in the peppermint-in-tube group. The presence of spasm on a series of spot films was evaluated without information about the type of spasmolytic agent used. RESULTS: The percentage of patients in the four groups (no treatment, Buscopan, peppermint in tube, and peppermint in barium) with absence of spasm in the entire colon on the series of spot films was 13.4, 38.1, 41.8, and 37.8%, respectively. In the group using peppermint oil or Buscopan, the rate of patients with non-spasm examination was higher than that in no-treatment group (p<0.0005). Peppermint oil had the same spasmolytic effect as the systemic administration of Buscopan in the transverse and descending colon. Peppermint oil had a stronger effect in the caecum and the ascending colon than a Buscopan injection (p<0.005). There was no advantage to placing peppermint oil in the enema tube over mixing it in the barium solution. A total of 157 polyps were found during the DCBE procedures, and no differences were observed in the number of lesions among the four groups. Peppermint oil did not impair image quality. CONCLUSION: Barium solution mixed with peppermint oil was safe and effective for the elimination of colonic spasm during the DCBE procedure, and it could be used instead of Buscopan.