尼古丁对卵蛋白致敏大鼠CD4+T细胞Th1/Th2细胞因子和T-bet/GATA-3表达的影响

目的 研究尼古丁对卵白蛋白致敏大鼠CD4+T淋巴细胞Th1/Th2平衡的影响.方法 卵清白蛋白(OVA)腹腔注射致敏Wistar大鼠,CD4+T淋巴细胞纯化柱分离大鼠脾脏CD4+T细胞,体外培养,将细胞随机分为4组:对照组、1 μg/ml尼古丁组、10 μg/ml尼古丁组、100μg/ml尼古丁组(各组加等浓度的OVA),不同浓度尼古丁刺激24 h,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测细胞培养上清液IFN-γ和IL-4含量,实时荧光定量PCR检测培养细胞T-bet和GATA-3 mRNA的表达.结果 (1)不同尼古丁干预组IFN-γ的表达分别为(113.78±6.06) ng/L、(70.31±7.26) ng/L、( 20.00±2.14)ng/L,均较对照组[(142.30±5.89) ng/L]明显减少,差异有统计学意义(F=265.52,P＜0.01);不同尼古丁干预组IL-4的表达分别为(50.97±3.07) ng/L、(69.49±3.91) ng/L、( 93.63±4.56)ng/L,均较对照组[ (36.91±3.24) ng/L]明显增加,差异有统计学意义(F=128.67,P＜0.01).(2)不同尼古丁干预组T-bet mRNA分别为0.73±0.03、0.57±0.04、0.31 ±0.00,均较对照组(0.98±0.09)明显减少,差异有统计学意义(F=75.76,P＜0.01);不同尼古丁干预组GATA-3 mRNA的表达分别为4.31±0.26、5.16±0.23、1.56±0.14,均较对照组(1.00±0.07)明显增加,差异有统计学意义(F=348.41,P＜0.01).结论 尼古丁可能通过促进转录因子GATA-3 mRNA的表达同时抑制T-bet mRNA的表达,在哮喘Th2过敏性气道炎症中具有一定的作用.     

转录因子T-bet/GATA-3比率评价哮喘患者Th1/Th2失衡及CpG ODN干预机制的研究

目的: 探讨哮喘患者PBMCs中转录因子T-bet/GATA-3比率与Th1/Th2细胞失衡的关系及体外CpG干预后T-bet/GATA3比率的变化及其对Th1/Th2细胞平衡的调节作用。方法: 用RT-PCR法测定30例发作期哮喘患者（哮喘组）及20例慢性阻塞性肺病患者（COPD组）及20例正常人（对照组） PBMCs中T-bet mRNA、GATA-3 mRNA及TLR9 mRNA的表达强度，用ELISA法测定血浆IL-4、IL-5、IL-13和IFNγ的表达水平，以观察哮喘患者PBMCs中转录因子T-bet/GATA-3比率与Th1/Th2细胞失衡的关系。将20例发作期哮喘患者的PBMCs分为2部分，一份加入CpG ODN和PHA（CpG组），一份仅加入PHA（对照组），培养48 h后分别收集培养液和细胞，采用RT-PCR法测定细胞中T-bet mRNA、GATA-3 mRNA及TLR9 mRNA的表达强度，ELISA法测定培养液中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13和IFN-γ的表达水平。结果： 哮喘患者PBMCs中T-bet/GATA-3的比率显著低于COPD患者和正常人，IL-4、IL-5、IL-13的水平显著高于COPD患者和正常人，与T-bet/GATA-3的比率呈负相关，而IFN-γ的水平显著降低，与T-bet/GATA-3的比率呈正相关。哮喘组TLR9的表达强度显著弱于COPD患者和正常人。CpG干预组细胞培养液中IL-4、IL-5和IL-13的水平分别显著低于对照组，IFN-γ的水平显著高于对照组。CpG干预组细胞中T-bet mRNA和TLR9 mRNA的表达强度显著强于对照组，GATA-3 mRNA的表达强度显著低于对照组；T-bet/GATA-3的比率显著高于对照组。结论: 哮喘患者T-bet/GATA-3的比率降低，可以作为评价Th1/Th2细胞失衡的精确指标。CpG ODN可以上调T-bet的表达，下调GATA-3的表达，从而上调T-bet/GATA-3的比率，逆转Th1/Th2细胞失衡，是一种很有前景的哮喘治疗手段。     

黄芪在树突状细胞水平对哮喘TH 1/TH 2平衡的调节作用

目的 探讨黄芪在树突状细胞(DC)水平对过敏性哮喘TH/TH2平衡的调节作用.方法 用rhGM-CSF和rhIL-4诱导培养外周血来源的DC并予鉴定,ELISA法检测其分泌的细胞因子IL-12、IL-10以及与自身T细胞反应后,RT-PCR检测T-bet和GATA-3 mRNA含量,流式细胞术检测T细胞分泌的胞内细胞因子IL-4和IFN-γ水平.结果 哮喘患儿外周血DC分泌IL-10高于对照组(P＜0.05);黄芪干预后DC分泌IL-10降低,与哮喘组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).哮喘患儿外周血DC分泌IL-12低于对照组(P＜0.05);黄芪干预后DC分泌IL-12增加,但与哮喘组比较差异无统计学意义.混合培养第7天哮喘组T细胞内IL-4水平显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.01);而IFN-γ水平则显著低于正常对照组(P＜0.05);哮喘组IL-4/IFN-γ比值高于正常对照组(P＜0.01).黄芪干预后T细胞内IL-4水平与哮喘组比较差异无统计学意义,而IFN-γ水平增加,与哮喘组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),IL-4/IFN-γ比值降低,与哮喘组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).哮喘组T-bet mRNA的表达强度明显低于正常对照组(P＜0.01);而哮喘组GATA-3 mRNA的表达强度则明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.05);哮喘组GATA-3/T-bet比值高于正常对照组(P＜0.05).黄芪干预后T细胞GATA-3 mRNA的表达强度与哮喘组比较差异无统计学意义,而T-bet mRNA水平增加,与哮喘组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),GATA-3/T-bet比值降低,与哮喘组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 哮喘患儿DC功能缺陷,产生IL-12减少、IL-10增加导致TH2优势分化,从而使TH1/TH2平衡向TH2倾斜,合成IFN-γ减少,进而造成气道慢性炎症、气道高反应性而致哮喘发作.黄芪对DC的调节主要通过降低IL-10的分泌水平,从而降低其抑制TH0细胞向TH 1分化的功能,即间接抑制了TH0细胞向TH2的分化.     

泡球蚴原头蚴抗原和卡介苗对Th1/Th2转录因子和细胞因子的影响

目的探讨泡球蚴原头蚴抗原和卡介苗免疫小鼠对泡球蚴攻击感染的调节机制。方法用实时定量聚合酶链反应检测鼠脾组织中GATA-3及T-bet的mRNA表达水平;酶联免疫吸附法检测鼠血清中白介素4和γ干扰素的含量。结果卡介苗免疫攻击组与PBS对照组的转录因子(T-bet mRNA)和其标志性细胞因子(INF-γ)的表达量,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论实验证明卡介苗(BCG)有上调Th1型免疫反应的作用,用BCG可以干预或治疗由泡球蚴抗原诱导的晚期泡球蚴(AE)动物的免疫抑制状态。     

Toxoplasma gondii infection inhibits Th17-mediated spontaneous development of arthritis in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist-deficient mice

Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra)-deficient BALB/c mice develop spontaneous arthritis resembling human rheumatoid arthritis. We herein report that infection with Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular protozoan, is capable of ameliorating the spontaneous development of arthritis in IL-1Ra-deficient mice. The onset of arthritis development was delayed and the severity score of arthritis was significantly suppressed in T. gondii-infected mice. Expression of IL-12p40 mRNA from CD11c(+) cells of mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN) and spleen markedly increased at 1 week after peroral infection. While CD11c(+) cells also produced IL-10, IL-1β, and IL-6, CD4(+) T cells from T. gondii-infected mice expressed significantly high levels of T-bet and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) mRNA in both mLN and spleen. Levels of GATA-3/IL-4 mRNA or RORγt/IL-17 mRNA decreased in the infected mice, indicating Th1 cell polarization and the reduction of Th2 and Th17 cell polarization. The severity of arthritis was related to Th1 cell polarization accompanied by Th17 cell reduction, demonstrating the protective role of the T. gondii-derived Th1 response against Th17 cell-mediated arthritis in IL-1Ra-deficient mice.     

1型糖尿病患儿CD4~+T细胞亚群变化初探

目的 探讨CD4~+细胞亚群[Th1、Th2、CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+调节性T细胞(Tr)及Th17细胞]在1型糖尿病(TIDM)患儿免疫发病机制中的作用.方法 新诊断TIDM患儿20例,同年龄对照组(Ctrl组)20例.用流式细胞术检测外周血Th1、Th2、Tr及Th17细胞比例.荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)检测Th1、Th2、Tr、Th17细胞转录因子T-bet、GATA-3、Foxp3、ROR-γt、IFN-、IL-4、IL-10、IL-17A、CTLA-4、GITR等细胞因子和负性调节因子mRNA表达;应用酶联免疫吸附方法(ELISA)检测IFN-γ、IL-4、TGF-β、IL-6血浆水平.结果 (1)与正常对照组相比,TIDM患儿Th1细胞比例明显增高(P<0.01),Th2细胞比例明显降低(P<0.01),Tr和Th17细胞比例与正常对照组相比无明显差别(P>0.05).(2)Th1细胞转录因子及细胞因子T-bet、IFN-γ较正常对照组明显升高(P<0.01);Th2细胞转录因子及细胞因子GATA-3、IL-4明显降低(P<0.01);Tr细胞转录因子Foxp3表达与正常对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Tr细胞相关细胞因子及负性调节因子IL-10、CTLA-4及GITR基因表达明显低于对照组(P<0.01);Th17细胞转录因子ROR-γt及细胞因子IL-17A基因表达与对照组相比无明显差异(P>0.05);(3)TIDM患儿外周血IFN-γ浓度明显增高,IL-4明显降低,TGF-β、IL-6浓度无明显改变(P>0.05).结论 TIDM患儿Th1/Th2失衡,加上Tr细胞抑制功能缺陷,可能导致TIDM严重细胞免疫功能紊乱.     

Soluble flagellin, FliC, induces an Ag-specific Th2 response, yet promotes T-bet-regulated Th1 clearance of Salmonella typhimurium infection

Clearance of disseminated Salmonella infection requires bacterial-specific Th1 cells and IFN-γ production, and Th1-promoting vaccines are likely to help control these infections. Consequently, vaccine design has focused on developing Th1-polarizing adjuvants or Ag that naturally induce Th1 responses. In this study, we show that, in mice, immunization with soluble, recombinant FliC protein flagellin (sFliC) induces Th2 responses as evidenced by Ag-specific GATA-3, IL-4 mRNA, and protein induction in CD62L(lo) CD4(+) T cells without associated IFN-γ production. Despite these Th2 features, sFliC immunization can enhance the development of protective Th1 immunity during subsequent Salmonella infection in an Ab-independent, T-cell-dependent manner. Salmonella infection in sFliC-immunized mice resulted in augmented Th1 responses, with greater bacterial clearance and increased numbers of IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells, despite the early induction of Th2 features to sFliC. The augmented Th1 immunity after sFliC immunization was regulated by T-bet although T-bet is dispensable for primary responses to sFliC. These findings show that there can be flexibility in T-cell responses to some subunit vaccines. These vaccines may induce Th2-type immunity during primary immunization yet promote Th1-dependent responses during later infection. This suggests that designing Th1-inducing subunit vaccines may not always be necessary since this can occur naturally during subsequent infection.     

母-胎免疫调节机制在妊娠高血压综合征病理过程中的作用

目的：分析妊娠高血压综合征（PIH）患者外周血中免疫细胞因子水平变化及滋养层细胞中免疫相关转录因子的基因、蛋白表达情况,探讨母 胎免疫调节机制在妊娠高血压综合征病理过程中的作用。方法：纳入PIH患者50例作为观察组,选择同期分娩的正常妊娠妇女40例作为对照组。ELISA法检测两组孕妇外周血中IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-17及TGF β水平;实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）法和蛋白质印迹法（Western blot）分别测定两组孕妇胎盘滋养层细胞中转录因子T-bet、GATA-3、RORC、Foxp3的mRNA及蛋白表达情况。结果：①观察组外周血中IFN-γ和IL 17水平明显高于对照组,TGF β水平明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组间IL 4水平无明显差异（P＞0.05）;观察组IFN-γ/IL-4、IL-17/TGF β比值均明显大于对照组（P＜0.05）。②与对照组比,观察组T bet、RORC的mRNA及蛋白表达水平均显著升高（P＜0.05）,而GATA 3、Foxp3的mRNA及蛋白表达水平均显著降低（P＜0.05）,T-bet/GATA-3及RORC/Foxp3比值均显著增大（P＜0.05）。结论：PIH具有明显的Th1/Th2及Th17/Treg比例失衡现象,其病理机制可能与Th细胞介导的母 胎免疫耐受机制功能紊乱有关。     

维药祖发奇尼对哮喘大鼠肺组织T-bet、GATA-3、STAT-3 mRNA表达水平的影响

目的:研究维吾尔药祖发奇尼对哮喘大鼠肺组织T-bet、GATA-3、STAT-3 mRNA的表达水平的影响,探讨祖发奇尼治疗哮喘的免疫机制。方法:将大鼠随机分为正常对照组,哮喘模型组,地塞米松治疗组及祖发奇尼高、低剂量治疗组。采用卵清白蛋白(OVA)、氢氧化铝[Al(OH)3]及百白破疫苗联合致敏和OVA生理盐水雾化激发的方法制备哮喘模型。采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测各组大鼠肺组织T-bet、GATA-3、STAT-3 mRNA的表达水平。结果:正常对照组与哮喘模型组、哮喘模型组与各治疗组大鼠肺组织T-bet、GATA-3、STAT-3 mRNA的表达水平差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与模型组比较,祖发奇尼治疗后哮喘大鼠肺组织GATA-3、STAT-3 mRNA的表达水平显著降低(P<0.05),而T-bet的表达水平显著增高(P<0.05);祖发奇尼高剂量治疗组大鼠肺组织GATA-3、STAT-3 mRNA的表达水平明显低于低剂量治疗组(P<0.05),而T-bet的水平明显高于低剂量治疗组(P<0.05)。各组大鼠肺组织T-bet mRNA和GATA-3 mRNA表达水平呈负相关关系(r=-0.696),STAT-3mRNA表达水平与T-bet mRNA和GATA-3 mRNA表达水平分别呈负、正相关(r=-0.767,r=0.772),P值均<0.05。结论:祖发奇尼可能在转录水平对Th1、Th2和Th17的分化进行调节,发挥抗炎作用。     

PPAR-γ激动剂吡格列酮对Jurkat T细胞分化的调节作用

目的 探讨吡格列酮对Jurkat T细胞T-bet/GATA-3表达的影响及其与调节TH1/TH2细胞分化作用机制之间的关系.方法 不同浓度的吡格列酮刺激Jurkat T细胞,在不同时间点分别用ELISA法检测TH1/TH2细胞因子表达谱及用RT-PCR检测T-bet和GATA-3 mRNA表达的变化.为探讨实验结果是否为过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体γ(PPAR-γ)依赖性,同时设立加有PPAR-γ特异性拮抗剂GW9662(终浓度为10 mol/L)的对照组.结果 吡格列酮对Jurkat T细胞分泌细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-10的表达均起抑制作用,抑制T-bet和GATA-3 mRNA的表达,并具有浓度和时间依赖性.GW9662可缓解吡格列酮抑制IFN-γ分泌及T-bet mRNA表达,但对于IL-10和GATA-3 mRNA的受抑程度则无明显影响.结论 吡格列酮抑制TH0向TH1细胞分化是PPAR-γ依赖性地通过转录因子Tbet进行调节,对TH2细胞的抑制作用则非PPAR-γ依赖性的转录因子GATA-3途径的负性调节.     

转录因子T-bet/GATA-3在致敏大鼠脾CD4+T细胞中失衡表达和调节的研究

目的 探讨转录因子T-bet/GATA-3在卵白蛋白(OVA)致敏大鼠脾CD4+T细胞中失衡表达,及地塞米松和咪喹莫特对其的调节作用.方法 从SD大鼠脾脏中分离获得CD4+T细胞,ELISA法测定细胞上清液中细胞因子IL-4、IL-5和IFN-γ含量;Western blot检测CD4+T细胞中T-bet和GATA-3表达.结果 在4个时间点培养细胞上清液中,空白对照组检测到低水平IFN-γ;随着培养时间延长,阳性对照组IL-4和IL-5持续增加,IFN-γ保持在低水平.地塞米松干预组IL-4、IL-5和IFN-γ低表达,均低于空白对照组(P＜0.01);咪喹莫特干预组IL-4和IL-5表达降低,IFN-γ表达增强.此作用从培养6 h开始,12 h达高峰,持续至24 h.在4个时间点培养细胞中,空白对照组检测到转录因子T-bet和GATA-3蛋白表达;随着细胞培养时间延长,阳性对照组T-bet表达降低,GATA-3表达增加.地塞米松干预组T-bet低表达,GATA-3在24 h内表达水平无明显变化;咪喹莫特干预组与阳性对照组比较,GATA-3表达降低,T-bet表达增强.此作用从细胞培养6 h开始,12 h达高峰,持续至24 h.结论 OVA致敏大鼠脾CD4+T细胞中,转录因子T-bet/GATA-3失衡表达,即T-bet低表达,GATA-3异常高表达;地塞米松抑制CD4+T细胞中T-bet表达,对GATA-3表达无明显作用;咪喹莫特通过调节CD4+T细胞中T-bet和GATA-3平衡表达,纠正TH1和TH2细胞的失衡,提示咪喹莫特可能在由TH2细胞介导免疫异常的哮喘中发挥作用.     

Helicobacter pylori-infected macrophages induce Th17 cell differentiation

Th17 cells represent a novel subset of CD4(+) T cells, which is associated with chronic inflammation. The present study evaluated Th17 cell responses to Helicobacter pylori infection in mouse model and CD4(+) T cell differentiation in response to H. pylori-infected macrophages. Th17 cells were observed in the H. pylori-infected gastric tissue. Co-culture of CD4(+) T cells with H. pylori-infected macrophages elevated IL-17 and IFN-γ secretion, up-regulated retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) and T box expressed in T cells (T-bet) expression and increased the numbers of Th17 and Th1 cells. The expression of CD40, CD80, and CD86 and the secretion of IL-6, TGF-β1, IL-23, and CCL20 were significantly increased in H. pylori-stimulated macrophages. NF-κB pathway participated in the production of IL-6, IL-23, and CCL20 from macrophages in response to H. pylori, and inhibition of NF-κB pathway of macrophages resulted in less Th17 cell differentiation. Taken together, these results suggest that H. pylori induces Th17 cell differentiation via infected macrophages.     

Th17 and Th1 Lymphocytes Are Correlated with Chronic Periodontitis

T cells are involved in the homeostasis of periodontal tissues and mediate bone loss in periodontitis, but the involvement of T-helper cells in chronic periodontitis (CP) in a Chinese population is still unclear. This study aimed to assess the distribution of peripheral and local T helper (Th17) and Th1 in CP. Sixty-eight patients with CP and 43 healthy controls were recruited from April 2012 to July 2014 at the Department of Stomatology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (China). The proportions of Th17 (CD3⁺CD4⁺IL-17⁺) and Th1 (CD3⁺CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺) T-cells in peripheral blood samples were assessed by flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) protein levels in gingival biopsy samples. mRNA levels of IL-17, IFN-γ RORγt, and T-bet in gingival biopsy samples were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The proportions of circulating Th17 cells and Th1 cells were both more abundant in CP patients than in controls (Th17: 1.05% ± 0.87% vs. 0.62% ± 0.49%, P < 0.01; Th1: 13.93% ± 7.94% vs. 8.22% ± 4.50%, P < 0.001). Positive correlations were obtained between the proportion of circulating Th17 cells and probing depth (PD) (r = 0.320, P = 0.001) and between the proportion of circulating Th1 cells and PD (r = 0.372, P < 0.001). IL-17 and IFN-γ protein levels in gingival biopsy samples were markedly increased in CP compared to controls (both P < 0.05). Relative IFN-γ, IL-17A, and T-bet mRNA levels in CP biopsies were higher compared to controls (all P < 0.05). These results suggest that elevated peripheral and local Th17 and Th1 cells might be involved in the pathogenesis of CP.