经导管封堵动脉导管未闭介入治疗后残余分流

目的探讨经导管封堵动脉导管未闭(PDA)介入治疗后残余分流的可行性和临床疗效。方法自1997年3月至2001年8月16例PDA介入治疗后残余分流的患者,其中男4例,女12例,平均年龄5.9±2.4岁(2～9岁),平均体重17.7±5.4kg(9～28kg),应用不同介入方法经动脉或静脉途径封堵残余分流,首次介入治疗与再次介入治疗的时间间隔平均为1.5±1.1年(1天～3.5年)。结果残余分流直径平均为2.7±0.9mm(1.2～5.0mm)。15例成功完成残余分流封堵术,1例失败,技术成功率为94%(15/16)。单纯应用Cook可控弹簧圈9例(其中双弹簧圈2例),Rashkind双面伞2例,Sidris纽扣式补片1例,Amplatzer蘑菇伞2例,同时应用Cook可控弹簧圈和Sidris纽扣式补片1例。封堵术后即刻造影,3例仍有少量残余分流,完全闭合率为80%(12/15)。平均手术时间为75.0±22.8min(45～120min),平均X线透视时间为10.4±3.9min(5～20min)。股动脉并发症1例,其余无并发症出现。封堵术后24h复查超声心动图,所有残余分流均完全闭合(100%),在平均2年随访中未出现残余分流再通、封堵器移位和左右肺动脉狭窄。结论经导管封堵PDA介入治疗后残余分流安全、疗效确切、创伤小,可作为外科手术治疗PDA介入治疗后残余分流的一种替代方法。     

Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗动脉导管未闭169例的随访结果

目的 :应用 Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗动脉导管未闭 （PDA）术后随访。方法 :全组 16 9例。PDA最窄处直径为 4 .7± 3.8（2 .0～ 13.0 ） mm。封堵后 10 min行降主动脉造影 ,术后 2 4 h及 1,3,6月 ,1年行超声心动图检查随访。结果 :16 6例 PDA采用 Amplatzer PDA封堵器治疗 ,3例采用 Am platzer房间隔缺损封堵器治疗。 1例 PDA术中证实伴有阻力性肺动脉高压未行介入治疗。术后 10 m in降主动脉造影示 ,5 4例存在微～少量残余分流 ,114例封堵完全无残余分流。术后 2 4 h13例存在微～少量残余分流 ,余超声心动图未见残余分流及再通。 1例封堵术后 10h并发溶血 ,4 8h后行外科 PDA缝合术。术后 1月超声心动图检查 5例存在少量残余分流 ,术后 3月 4例存在少量残余分流 ,6月及 1年 3例存在少量残余分流 ,最后行 PFM弹簧圈治疗未再见残余分流。无并发症发生。结论 :应用 Am platzer封堵器治疗 PDA是一种安全有效的介入方法     

应用二代动脉导管封堵器ADO Ⅱ介入治疗儿童小型动脉导管未闭疗效评价

目的:应用二代动脉导管封堵器ADOⅡ介入治疗儿童小型动脉导管未闭(PDA,≤3mm)并对其疗效及安全性进行评价。方法:2011年5月至2019年4月,应用ADOII封堵治疗118例小型PDA,其中男性49例,女性69例;年龄6个月～18岁,中位年龄3. 8岁;体质量5. 8～54 kg,平均(20. 0±12. 1) kg。所有患者术前均经体检、心电图、胸X光片及超声心动图确诊。封堵后主动脉造影评价疗效,术后行心脏超声及临床检查随访。结果:造影结果显示:PDA最窄处内经0. 6～2. 4 mm,平均(1. 51±0. 45) mm,按Krichenko分型:A型(漏斗型) 34例,C型(长管型) 70例,D型(串珠型) 7例,E型(不规则型) 7例。主肺动脉压力(26. 92±4. 56)/(13. 9±2. 17) mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0. 133kpa),118例患者介入治疗手术获得成功,技术成功率100%;即刻封堵率98. 3%; 2例即刻封堵时有少许残余分流,术后1 d复查超声心动图分流消失。共释放ADOII封堵器118枚,ADOⅡ经动脉途径传输117例,经静脉途径传输1例;1例合并房间隔缺损,同时行房间隔缺损封堵术; 1例合并肺动脉瓣狭窄,同时行肺动脉瓣狭窄球囊扩张术。结论:应用ADOⅡ介入治疗小型PDA手术效果安全、可靠,残余分流少,血管损伤小并发症少。更适合于细长管型、串珠型、不规则形、PDA外科结扎术后残余分流的介入治疗。     

国产封堵器介入治疗巨大动脉导管未闭的临床评价

目的应用国产封堵器经导管治疗巨大动脉导管未闭（PDA）并对其疗效进行评价。方法全组27（男8,女19）例,年龄6～54（24±15）岁,主动脉造影示PDA最窄径为13～28（16±4）mm。封堵后即刻和30min行侧位降主动脉造影,术后2d,1、3、6个月分别行超声心动图及X线平片检查。结果24例成功,3例PDA封堵后判断为有阻力性肺动脉高压,放弃治疗。成功的患者中,14例选用国产PDA封堵器,10例选用国产ASD封堵器。术后即刻降主动脉造影检查示,使用ASD封堵器中,有2例微量残余分流,5例少量残余分流,1例少～中量残余分流;PDA封堵器中,有4例微量残余分流,2例少量残余分流。术后30min,ASD封堵器4例微～少量残余分流,1例仍为少～中量残余分流;PDA封堵器仅2例微量残余分流。1例ASD封堵器治疗术后7h发生溶血,治疗72h溶血无减轻迹象,外科开胸取出封堵器并行PDA结扎术。术后2d,超声心动图示PDA封堵器1例微量残余分流,ASD封堵器5例微量残余分流。随访1～6个月,所有左心内径增大的患者均明显回缩,未发现残余分流和导管再通。结论应用国产封堵器经导管治疗直径≥13mm的PDA是一种安全有效地介入方法。     

Amplatzer封堵器和Rashkind封堵伞治疗动脉导管未闭的对比研究

目的 :比较Amplatzer封堵器和Rashkind封堵伞治疗动脉导管未闭 (PDA)的疗效。方法 :42例PDA患者施行Rashkind封堵伞封堵术 (为Rashkind组 )。在施行Amplatzer封堵器封堵术的PDA患者中 ,选出年龄、体重匹配且PDA最小直径≤ 8mm的患者共 42例 (为Amplatzer组 )。对比两种方法治疗PDA的临床效果、并发症等情况。结果 :Amplatzer组 ,技术成功率 10 0 % ,溶血 1例。即刻残余分流发生率 16 7% ,术后 1～ 18个月 ,均无残余分流。Rashkind组 ,技术成功率 97 7% ,1例患者Rashkind封堵伞脱落至右肺动脉 ,经手术取出并行PDA结扎术。术后即刻和12个月残余分流发生率分别为 83 3%和 41 2 % ,均显著高于Amplatzer组 ,有非常显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :Amplatzer封堵器比Rashkind封堵伞更安全、有效     

应用Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗直径≥8mm动脉导管未闭的疗效评价

目的 :应用 Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗直径≥ 8mm的大型动脉导管未闭 （PDA）并对其疗效进行评价。方法 :全组 5 0例 ,年龄 2 6 .4± 2 3.2 （4.0～ 6 0 .0 ）岁。 PDA最窄处直径为 10 .2± 2 .3（8.0～ 15 .0 ） mm。封堵 10 m in后行侧位降主动脉造影 ,术后 1d及 1月行超声心动图检查 ,观察有无残余分流及 PDA再通。结果 :47例 PDA采用Amplatzer PDA封堵器治疗 ,2例采用 Amplatzer ASD封堵器治疗 ,1例 PDA伴有阻力性肺动脉高压未行介入治疗。术后 10 min降主动脉造影显示 ,19例存在微～少量残余分流 ,30例封堵完全无残余分流。术后 2 4h、术后 1月超声心动图未见残余分流及再通。结论 :应用 Am platzer封堵器治疗直径≥ 8mm的大型动脉导管未闭是一种安全有效的介入方法。     

经导管介入治疗婴幼儿大型动脉导管未闭临床疗效

目的 探讨应用导管介入治疗直径≥5 mm婴幼儿大型动脉导管未闭(patent ductus arteriosus,PDA)的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析60例大型PDA(直径≥5 mm)患儿的临床资料,着重分析手术方法、临床疗效和随访结果.结果 56例PDA采用Amplatzer或国产先健动脉导管封堵器,3例采用膜部室间隔缺损封堵器,1例采用肌部室间隔缺损封堵器.封堵成功率为98.3%(59/60),术后1 d超声心动图显示15%(9/60)微量至少量残余分流,术后3月超声心动图复查未见残余分流;3例采用室间隔缺损封堵器患儿术后12月超声心动图示左肺动脉血流速度增快.结论 应用导管介入治疗直径≥5 mm婴幼儿大型PDA是安全、有效的方法.     

国产蘑菇伞型封堵器封堵巨大动脉导管未闭的可行性研究

目的探讨采用国产蘑菇伞型封堵器经导管封堵巨大动脉导管未闭(PDA)的可行性。方法全组15例,其中男3例,女12例,年龄21±8(16～46)岁。PDA最窄处直径为16±3mm(13～22mm),均采用国产蘑菇伞型封堵器经股静脉途径对PDA进行封堵。封堵前后行主动脉弓降部造影并测定肺动脉压力。封堵成功者分别于术后1周、1个月和6个月复查超声心动图。结果15例巨大PDA选用的封堵器直径为23±4mm(18～32mm),封堵后30min主动脉弓降部造影均显示主-肺动脉水平仅有经封堵器孔眼的微量到少量残余分流。封堵后13例患者肺动脉收缩压峰值较封堵前有不同程度下降(70±29mmHgvs113±21mmHg,P<0.05,1mmHg=0.133kPa),2例因试封堵后肺动脉压力升高而放弃封堵。无一例发生严重并发症。封堵成功者术后复查超声心动图,其中11例于术后1周、1例于术后1个月残余分流消失,另1例于术后6个月时残存少量分流。结论采用国产蘑菇伞型封堵器经导管封堵巨大PDA是一种安全有效的介入治疗方法。     

高原地区用Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭

目的:应用Amplatzer封堵器在高原地区治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA)并评价其疗效。方法:本组40例,年龄1.5～44(22.5±14.2)岁,PDA最窄处内径5～14(9.3±3.3)mm,均用Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗。结果:19例成功,1例严重阻塞性肺动脉高压不适宜封堵。术后即刻降主动脉造影显示35例封堵完全无残余分流,4例少量残余分流。1例术后1h封堵器脱落入右肺动脉,第3小时急诊外科手术关闭PDA并取出封堵器。24 h彩色多普勒检查显示封堵36例患者均无分流,随访2个月～1年半,无一例分流。结论:高原地区PDA发病率高,并发肺动脉高压早且多,巨大PDA(内径>0.8 cm)比率高,用Amplatzer封堵器治疗PDA是高原地区一种适应性强、安全有效的介入治疗方法。     

高原地区用Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗动脉导管未闭

目的 :应用 Amplatzer封堵器在高原地区治疗动脉导管未闭 （PDA）并评价其疗效。方法 :本组 2 0例 ,年龄 1.5～ 44 （2 2± 14）岁 ,PDA最窄处内径 5～ 14（9± 3） m m,均用 Am platzer封堵器介入治疗。结果 :19例成功 ,1例严重阻力性肺动脉高压不适宜封堵。术后即刻降主动脉造影显示 15例封堵完全无残余分流 ,4例少量残余分流。 1例术后 1h封堵器脱落入右肺动脉 ,第三小时急诊外科手术关闭 PDA并取出封堵器。 2 4h彩色多普勒检查显示封堵 18例患者均无分流 ,随访 2月～ 1.5年 ,无 1例分流。结论 :用 Amplatzer封堵器治疗 PDA是高原地区 1种适应性强 ,安全有效的介入治疗方法。     

Clinical course and management strategies for hemolysis after transcatheter closure of patent arterial ducts.

Residual flows following transcatheter coil or device closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) can result in hemolysis. Of 611 patients who underwent transcatheter PDA closure at our institution, 5 patients (age, 6-63 years) developed overt hemolysis (after coil occlusion in 4 and Amplazter device closure in 1). All had ducts > 3 mm and residual flows after the procedure. In one patient, hemolysis occurred 3 months after coil occlusion following a period of uncontrolled hypertension. The occurrence of hemolysis correlated significantly with both age as well as duct size (P < 0.00001). Hemolysis was associated with a fall in hemoglobin of 3-6 g/100 ml (n = 3), jaundice (n = 2), and renal failure (n = 1). Hemolysis subsided spontaneously in one patient and four patients required flow elimination. Deploying additional coils in three patients eliminated residual flows. In one patient (after Amplatzer device closure for 12.5 mm duct with aneurysm), flow persisted after 25 additional coils, transient balloon occlusion, and gel foam instillation. Flow elimination was eventually achieved through thrombin instillation after balloon occlusion of the ampulla. All patients recovered completely and were well on follow-up. Although hemolysis after duct occlusion is rare (0.8% in this series), residual flow at the end of the procedure merits careful monitoring. Aggressive elimination of residual flows is often necessary to control hemolysis.     

复杂先天性心脏病外科手术后残余心血管病变的介入治疗

目的 总结广东省心血管病研究所心儿科11年来进行的复杂先天性心脏病外科手术后残余病变的介入治疗病例的经验.方法 全组共42例患者,男30例,女12例,年龄5个月～30岁,体重7～46(17.9±9.1)kg.其中17例行体肺较大侧支血管栓塞术,15例行室间隔补片留孔或残余室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损的封堵术,12例行术后血管吻合口狭窄或分支肺动脉狭窄的球囊成形术与支架置入术.结果 17例行体肺较大侧支血管栓塞术的患者,共栓塞23支侧支血管,术后超声心动图随诊均无残余分流.1例死于多器官功能衰竭,其余患者均康复出院.15例行室间隔补片留孔或残余室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损的封堵术患者,均一次封堵成功,1例心室水平有少量残余分流,其余病例无残余分流,未出现三度房室传导阻滞等严重心律失常.12例行术后血管吻合口狭窄或分支肺动脉狭窄的球囊成形术与支架置入术患者,原狭窄处压力阶差均有不同程度下降[介入前为(59.3±15.1)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),介入后为(16.8±10.7)mm Hg,P＜0.001];置入支架后血流通畅,未见血栓形成.螺旋CT显示主动脉缩窄扩张处无夹层形成.结论 复杂先天性心脏病外科手术后残余病变行介入治疗效果良好,避免了再次开胸手术的创伤,扩大了手术适应证范围,降低了手术风险.     

Transcatheter occlusion of the patent ductus arteriosus with a single device technique: comparison between the Cook detachable coil and the Rashkind umbrella device

Transcatheter coil occlusion of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has become the interventional treatment option of choice. Immediate occlusion of any residual shunting results in excellent closure rates, but frequently requires multiple coil deployment. Aims: To assess the efficacy and limitations of single Cook detachable coil PDA closure compared to a preceding series of Rashkind umbrella procedures. Methods and results: Between 1990 and 1999, transcatheter occlusion of a small (<2 mm; n=45) or moderate-sized (2-4 mm; n=47) PDA was successfully attempted in 90/92 consecutive patients (mean age 6+/-4.8 years) with a coil (39/41) or Rashkind device (51/51). Immediate angiographic closure rates for both devices were low, although better for small (54-68%) than moderate ducts (7-22%, P<0.01). A 2-year echocardiographic closure rate of small ducts increased to 92% for the coil group versus 95% for the Rashkind group. By that time, moderate-sized ducts were only occluded in 64% with the coil and 54% with the Rashkind device. A visible residual shunt at post-implant angiography in moderate ducts was associated with a high incidence (59%) of long-term echocardiographic shunt patency and a need for repeat interventions for audible residual shunts (32%). Conclusions: Single coil transcatheter occlusion is the treatment of choice for the small duct as most residual shunts will resolve spontaneously. However, long-term shunt persistence after single coil deployment in moderate sized ducts is as frequent as with the Rashkind device. A primary multiple coil approach is advocated if the postcoil aortogram shows residual ductal shunting and if there is persistence of a ductal murmur on auscultation.     

全军室间隔缺损10年介入治疗现状分析

目的 总结全军心血管介入诊疗管理信息网注册登记自2011年1月～2020年12月开展室间隔缺损（ventricular septal defect,VSD）介入治疗情况及并发症等信息,为今后开展VSD介入治疗提供指导和借鉴。 方法 通过全军心血管介入诊疗管理信息网注册登记收集全军各医院 2011年 1月～ 2020年 12月介入治疗VSD的病例资料,包括实施介入治疗 VSD数量、类型、所使用的介入治疗器材、成功病例数、复合畸形情况、失败原因和并发症等项目,然后进行数据统计学分析。 结果 10年期间共进行介入治疗7293例,成功7063例,成功率96.8%。介入治疗VSD类型包括膜周部VSD 6662例,肌部VSD 199例,嵴内型VSD 314例,VSD修补术后残余瘘43例、VSD封堵术后残余瘘2例以及心梗后室间隔穿孔73例。在所有封堵术治疗中,进口封堵器使用率仅为11.9%,而国产封堵器使用率高达88.1%。共记录主要并发症39例,发生率0.53%,其中心脏传导阻滞发生率最高,22例占比达0.30%,占全部并发症的56.4%,封堵器脱落4例,主动脉瓣关闭不全5例,心包填塞1例,重度残余分流5例,死亡2例。相对于2011年1月～2015年12月,2016年 1月～2020年12月介入治疗病例成功率显著升高,并发症发生率呈现明显降低趋势。 结论 随着介入治疗经验的成熟,经严格筛选的膜周部VSD、嵴内型VSD、VSD外科修补术/封堵术后残余瘘以及心梗后室间隔穿孔的介入治疗已成为安全有效的方法,但需要长期随访。     

介入技术和外科手术同期"复合"治疗先天性心脏病的临床研究

目的结合介入器械和外科手术,实施“复合（Hybrid）”技术对先天性心脏病实施治疗。方法2005年3-10月,20例先天性心脏病患者接受了术中Hybrid技术治疗。球囊扩张组包括3例室间隔完整型肺动脉闭锁的新生儿和4例婴儿重度肺动脉瓣狭窄。缺损封堵组13例,包括10例房间隔缺损和3例多发室间隔缺损。正中或右侧腋下小切口进胸,在超声引导下经右室流出道置入球囊扩张管扩张肺动脉瓣或经右心房置入封堵器。2例多发室间隔缺损于体外循环下经三尖瓣置入封堵器。合并的其他心脏病变同期常规外科矫正,术式包括部分性肺静脉异位引流矫正、动脉导管结扎、冠状动脉旁路移植术等。术后心脏超声随访。结果患者全部顺利出院。1例婴儿重度肺动脉瓣狭窄术后2个月接受常规右室流出道成形术,1例多发肌部室间隔缺损因无法置入封堵器而转为常规术式。其余患者均顺利实施Hybrid术式。随访期内未发现介入器材相关的并发症。结论“复合”Hybrid技术可以避免体外循环,减少手术创伤,对于提高先天性心脏病的疗效具有重要的意受．     

先天性心脏病介入治疗并发症分析

目的 探讨先天性心脏病(先心病)介入治疗中和治疗后并发症的发生率、原因及防治措施.方法 自1986年4月至2009年4月,阜外心血管病医院共有6029例先心病施行了介入治疗,对介入治疗中和治疗后发生的388例并发症和5例死亡的患者作回顾性分析.将遗留严重功能障碍及需要经介入或外科手术处理的并发症定为严重并发症,将患者离开导管室后发生的严重并发症定为迟发.结果 6029例先心病患者介入术中及术后并发症总发生率为6.44%,其中房间隔缺损(ASD)组的并发症为7.69%(184/2392);动脉导管未闭(PDA)组为4.20%(87/2070);肺动脉瓣球囊成形术组为1.31%(10/761);室间隔缺损组为14.94%(85/569);体肺侧支栓塞术组为3.13%(3/96);肺动静脉畸形栓塞术组为30.95%(13/42);冠状动脉瘘栓塞术组为12.50%(2/16);主动脉窦瘤破裂封堵术组为20.00%(2/10);主动脉瓣球囊成形术组为66.67%(2/3).6029例中严重并发症发生率为0.65%,其中迟发的严重并发症发生率为0.22%.总病死率为0.08%,其中肺动脉瓣球囊成形术组为0.26%(2/761),PDA封堵术组为0.05(1/2070),房间隔造口术组为9.10%(1/11),主动脉瓣球囊成形术组为33.33%(1/3).紧急手术占0.22%(13/6029),择期手术占0.13%(8/6029),安装永久起搏器占0.03%(2/6029),其余并发症均经保守治疗或介入处理.结论 先心病介入治疗的严重并发症及病死率低,术前应与患者及其亲属进行充分沟通,术后应作严格随访,尤其警惕部分介入治疗术后迟发并发症的发生.     

Patent ductus arteriosus equipment and technique. Amplatzer duct occluder: intermediate-term follow-up and technical considerations

Between May 1997 and June 2000, 69 patients, ages 0.1 to 34 years, underwent attempted anterograde transcatheter closure of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) using the Amplatzer Duct Occluder (ADO). The ADO is a cone-shaped, self-centering, and repositionable occluder made of nitinol wire mesh. A 5Fr to 7Fr sheath was used for the delivery of the device. The mean PDA diameter (at the pulmonary end) was 4.6 +/- 1.9 mm (range 1 mm-8.5 mm). Sixty-seven of the 69 patients had successful device placement. The mean ADO smallest diameter was 6.9 +/- 1.8 mm (range 4 mm-12 mm). Complete angiographic closure occurred in 62 (92.5%) of 67 patients (95% confidence interval, 88.22%-98.77%). In five patients, there was a trivial residual shunt immediately after the procedure. At 24 hours, color Doppler flow imaging revealed complete closure in all 67 (100%) patients. The unsuccessful attempts occurred in two patients with a small, 1-mm diameter native PDA and residual PDA after surgical occlusion. Fluoroscopy time was 7.6 +/- 1.8 minutes (4 min-18 min). No complications were observed. At a median follow-up of 1.5 years (range 0.25 to 3.2 years), all patients had complete closure without complications. We conclude that transcatheter closure using the ADO is a highly effective and safe treatment for most patients with PDA.     

Comparison of the one-and-a-half-year results of closure of patent ductus arteriosus by transcatheter coils placement with surgical ligation

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common type of congenital cardiovascular lesion. It usually needs surgical ligation in a full-term baby after 1 year of age. Transcatheter implantation of coils was introduced for the closure of small- to moderate-sized PDA in 1992. From November 1995 to November 1998, the authors closed the PDA in 153 patients by transcatheter implantation of coils and by surgical ligation in 10 patients. One hundred fourteen of them were studied for more than 1(1/2) years. The regular follow-up studies, including physical examination; electrocardiography; and pulsed, continuous-wave, and color Doppler flow mapping, were performed on day one and day 2, and 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after the procedure. The results of the closure of PDA by surgical ligation or coil placement were compared and analyzed in all the patients.     

Stenting small coronary arteries using two second-generation slotted tube stents: acute and six-month clinical and angiographic results.

We report our experience with transcatheter occlusion of the small PDA using Gianturco coils comparing a single coil strategy to a "multiple coil-no residual shunt strategy". Fifteen patients (Group I) had a single coil only placed irrespective of residual shunting and 20 (Group II) were treated using the no residual shunt strategy. Age, minimal PDA diameter, PDA length and PDA types were similar between groups. Closure rates in Group I patients were 60%, 80% and 87% at <1 month, 6 months and 1 year, respectively. In Group II, the <1 month and 6 month closure rates were 100%. The costs and hospital charges for coil closure were comparable to a concurrent surgical group; the total charges (hospital plus physician) were less for Group I, but similar between Group II and the surgical group. The complication rate for coil closure was significantly less than surgical closure. From these data, transcatheter closure with multiple coils can achieve the same closure rate as surgery at similar hospital charges with fewer complications.