上肢康复训练系统在脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢功能康复中的应用

目的:观察上肢康复训练系统对脑卒中患者上肢功能康复的临床疗效。方法:脑卒中偏瘫上肢功能障碍患者42例,分为观察组22例和对照组20例。2组患者均接受常规药物治疗和康复训练。观察组在此基础上加用Rejoyce上肢康复训练。治疗前后采用Fugl-Meyer量表上肢部分(FMA-UE)、Rejoyce手功能测试(RAHFT)和功能独立性评定(FIM)评定2组疗效。结果:治疗4周后,2组FMA-UE、RAHFT及FIM评分治疗前后及组间比较均差异无统计学意义;治疗8周后,2组FMA-UE、RAHFT及FIM评分均较治疗前及治疗4周时明显提高(P0.05,0.01),且观察组更高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:Rejoyce上肢康复训练结合常规康复作业治疗能更好地改善脑卒中恢复期患者偏瘫上肢及手的功能,更有效地提高患者日常生活活动能力。     

上肢康复机器人结合常规康复训练对急性期脑卒中患者上肢功能的疗效研究

目的:观察上肢康复机器人结合常规康复训练对急性期脑卒中患者上肢运动功能的改善情况。方法:将50例脑卒中患者随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组每天进行2次常规康复训练,观察组每天进行1次常规康复训练及1次上肢康复机器人训练,每周治疗5d,共4周,治疗前后分别用Fugl-Meyer(上肢部分,FMA-UE)、改良日常生活能力(MBI)、肩关节主动关节活动度评价康复效果。结果:治疗后,2组患者的FMA-UE、肩关节主动关节活动度和MBI评估均有明显提高(P0.05),上肢康复机器人结合常规康复训练组的FMA-UE和肩关节前屈、水平内收、水平外展主动关节活动度与对照组相比提高更加明显(P0.05)。结论:上肢康复机器人结合常规康复训练对急性期脑卒中患者上肢功能有明显改善作用。     

Cognitive predictors of skilled performance with an advanced upper limb multifunction prosthesis: a preliminary analysis

Purpose The objectives were to 1) identify major cognitive domains involved in learning to use the DEKA Arm; 2) specify cognitive domain-specific skills associated with basic versus advanced users; and 3) examine whether baseline memory and executive function predicted learning. Method Sample included 35 persons with upper limb amputation. Subjects were administered a brief neuropsychological test battery prior to start of DEKA Arm training, as well as physical performance measures at the onset of, and following training. Multiple regression models controlling for age and including neuropsychological tests were developed to predict physical performance scores. Prosthetic performance scores were divided into quartiles and independent samples t-tests compared neuropsychological test scores of advanced scorers and basic scorers. Baseline neuropsychological test scores were used to predict change in scores on physical performance measures across time. Results Cognitive domains of attention and processing speed were statistically significantly related to proficiency of DEKA Arm use and predicted level of proficiency. Conclusions Results support use of neuropsychological tests to predict learning and use of a multifunctional prosthesis. Assessment of cognitive status at the outset of training may help set expectations for the duration and outcomes of treatment.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Cognitive domains of attention and processing speed were significantly related to level of proficiencyof an advanced multifunctional prosthesis (the DEKA Arm) after training.

• Results provide initial support for the use of neuropsychological tests to predict advanced learningand use of a multifunctional prosthesis in upper-limb amputees.

• Results suggest that assessment of patients’ cognitive status at the outset of upper limb prosthetictraining may, in the future, help patients, their families and therapists set expectations for theduration and intensity of training and may help set reasonable proficiency goals.

     

上肢神经纤维瘤超声表现1例

患者男,75岁,以"右肘部内侧发现肿块8年,近期增大明显"就诊.查体:双侧上肢无疼痛、酸胀、远端麻木或无力,右肘部内侧见一隆起肿物,表面凹凸不平,皮肤无色素沉着,无溃烂,位置固定,无压痛.     

基于脑-机接口技术的上肢康复训练系统

目的：脑-机接口是实现脑和电子设备直接通讯的技术，基于该技术可以实现一个强调患者主动参与的上肢康复训练机械手系统。方法：开发了一个结合脑-机接口技术的上肢康复训练系统。该系统由脑电放大器、实现脑电信号处理和训练器控制的计算机、上肢康复训练系统3部分组成。结果：该系统可以由患者在治疗计划的指导下来主动控制康复训练的过程及内容，强调患者参与治疗的主动性，有利于提高治疗效果。结论：该系统充分调动患者的主动参与意识，使患者的精神高度集中于动作训练，从而力求达到较为理想的康复训练效果。     

镜像治疗对脑卒中偏瘫后患者上肢功能恢复及日常生活能力的影响研究

目的 探讨镜像治疗对脑卒中偏瘫后患者上肢功能恢复的影响及相关治疗的可能机制.方法 选择83例脑卒中后偏瘫患者随机分为镜像治疗组42例（采用镜像治疗）和对照组41例（采用常规康复治疗）,治疗前及经4周治疗后,采用Wolf运动功能试验（WMFT）、Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分法（FMA）对患者上肢运动功能进行测评,用视觉模拟评分（VAS）、改良Asworth痉挛量表对患者上肢疼痛、痉挛程度进行评定,用Barthel指数（BI）测评患者的日常生活能力.结果 经过4周的治疗后,两组患者组内比较,WMFT、FMA、VAS、BI评分均较治疗前有明显提高（P＜0.05）;两组间WMFT（60.17 ±4.82 VS 47.31 ±4.57）分、FMA（58.77 ±3.79 VS 46.32 ±3.84）分比较,镜像治疗组明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）,但VAS（1.47 ±0.23 VS 1.53 ±0.25）分、BI（79.75±7.94 VS 75.25±7.55）分评分两组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.两组治疗前后及治疗后组间Asworth痉挛改善情况比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 镜像疗法对脑卒中偏瘫后患者上肢运动功能的恢复具有一定疗效,但对改善ADL及患肢痉挛程度,减轻患者上肢疼痛作用不明显.     

Partial hand amputation and work

Purpose. To determine whether or not subjects who had had a partial hand amputation were able to return to the same job and whether or not they used their silicone finger prosthesis for work.

Method. Medical records of all the patients who had undergone a traumatic partial hand amputation and who had been treated in the Upper Limb Prosthetic Clinic at the Institute for Rehabilitation in Ljubljana were reviewed. Questionnaires were sent to 112 patients. Forty-eight questionnaires which were returned and had been correctly answered were analysed.

Results. The study found that less than half the patients who had had a partial hand amputation were able to do the same work as before the amputation. Less than one-third wore their silicone prosthesis at work regularly. The subjects who did not have manual jobs and who had an amputation of only one or two fingers were able to keep the same job more easily after the amputation. Only a few subjects found their silicone prosthesis useful at work.

Conclusion. It can be concluded that partial hand amputation may present a great problem in keeping the same job after amputation. An aesthetic (cosmetic) silicone prosthesis is helpful particularly for subjects with higher education whose work involves personal contacts and for whom aesthetics is important. They use the prosthesis for certain activities, such as typing.     

Partial hand amputation and work

Purpose. To determine whether or not subjects who had had a partial hand amputation were able to return to the same job and whether or not they used their silicone finger prosthesis for work.

Method. Medical records of all the patients who had undergone a traumatic partial hand amputation and who had been treated in the Upper Limb Prosthetic Clinic at the Institute for Rehabilitation in Ljubljana were reviewed. Questionnaires were sent to 112 patients. Forty-eight questionnaires which were returned and had been correctly answered were analysed.

Results. The study found that less than half the patients who had had a partial hand amputation were able to do the same work as before the amputation. Less than one-third wore their silicone prosthesis at work regularly. The subjects who did not have manual jobs and who had an amputation of only one or two fingers were able to keep the same job more easily after the amputation. Only a few subjects found their silicone prosthesis useful at work.

Conclusion. It can be concluded that partial hand amputation may present a great problem in keeping the same job after amputation. An aesthetic (cosmetic) silicone prosthesis is helpful particularly for subjects with higher education whose work involves personal contacts and for whom aesthetics is important. They use the prosthesis for certain activities, such as typing.     

彩色多普勒超声对上肢动脉病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声对上肢动脉病变的诊断价值：方法 对我院2001年2月至2003年8月期间200例拟诊为上肢动脉疾病患者的彩色多普勒超声检查结果进行总结。结果 检出上肢动脉疾病57例，阳性率为28．5％，疾病种类包括动脉硬化斑块、动脉扭曲、多发性大动脉炎、胸廓出口综合征、肢端动脉痉挛病(雷诺氏病)、动脉瘤、急性动脉栓塞和锁骨下动脉盗血综合征。其中，以动脉粥样硬化病变常见；结论 彩色多普勒超声对上肢动脉病变的诊断和鉴别具有准确性和实用性．     

Effectiveness of commercially available gaming devices in upper limb stroke rehabilitation

Background: Hemiparesis of the upper extremity is estimated to affect 50–75% of individuals who experience a stroke. Recently the use of commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) gaming technology has shown promise for providing interactive rehabilitation. The existing evidence however, has not yet been reviewed systematically to determine the effectiveness of such gaming devices in upper limb (UL) rehabilitation post-stroke.

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of COTS gaming technology for UL rehabilitation in post-stroke patients and to assess the feasibility, and effect on quality of life (QoL).

Methods: A systematic search of the databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Pubmed, SPORTDiscus, and SCOPUS was conducted. Quality scoring of the included articles was based on the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) quality assessment tool for quantitative studies.

Results: In total, eight studies were included for review. The commercial gaming devices were found to be feasible for use among post-stroke individuals. The devices were found to be effective as an adjunct to conventional stroke rehabilitation, and were feasible in relation to time taken, cost-effectiveness, safety, and the positive effect on the QoL of the stroke population.

Conclusions: As the findings of the current review are primarily based on lower levels of research, it is not possible to make recommendations regarding the use of these devices in clinical practice. However, findings of the included studies did indicate that rehabilitation including gaming technology had a positive effect on the UL rehabilitation of stroke patients.     

多功能康复仪辅助上肢机器人治疗偏瘫的疗效及对运动功能的影响

目的:研究偏瘫患者应用多功能康复仪辅助上肢机器人治疗的效果。方法:选取136例偏瘫患者随机分为2组各68例。对照组行上肢机器人治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合多功能康复仪治疗。比较2组治疗效果及治疗前后MBI、UEFI及FMA-UE评分。结果:治疗后3个月,观察组治疗总有效率明显高于对照组(91.06%、83.82%,P<0.05)。治疗后1及3个月时,2组MBI评分均较治疗前呈逐渐上升趋势(P<0.05),且各时间点观察组均高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后3个月,2组UEFI及FMA-UE评分均较治疗前明显提高(P<0.05),且观察组均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:偏瘫患者应用多功能康复仪辅助上肢机器人治疗,可有效增强临床疗效,促进患者运动功能改善。     

手臂三阴经推拿治疗中风后上肢痉挛的疗效观察及护理

目的观察手臂三阴经推拿对中风后上肢痉挛的治疗作用。方法将100例患者按人院日期随机分为观察组（偏瘫痉挛护理常规手臂三阴经推拿）、对照组（偏瘫痉挛护理常规）各50例。测定比较治疗前后痉挛程度、肢体运动功能以及日常生活能力。结果治疗后两组患者上肢痉挛程度、肢体运动功能以及日常生活能力均得到改善,观察组的效果优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论手臂三阴经推拿能有效改善中风后上肢痉挛情况,提高患者的生活质量。