白细胞介素—8对大鼠失血性休克血浆6—keto—PGF1α和TXB2含量的影响

目的和方法：本文观察重组人内皮细胞衍生的白细胞介素－８（ｒｈＥＤＩＬ－８）对大鼠晚期失血性休克血浆６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α和ＴＸＢ２含量的影响，并与平均动脉血压（ＭＡＢＰ）的变化作相关性分析。结果：晚期失血性休克血浆６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α含量明显降低（１０６７４±１２２６ｖｓ１５６８２±１１４２）ｎｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜００１，ＴＸＢ２含量明显升高（３１８３６±２６．５４ｖｓ１７４９１±２１５８）ｎｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜００１；给予ｒｈＥＤＩＬ－８（２５０μｇ／ｋｇ）后，血浆６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α含量明显升高（３６８４７±１５６８ｖｓ１０３７６±１３１８）ｎｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜００１，其血浆水平与ＭＡＢＰ变化呈明显正相关（ｒ＝０．７４６，Ｐ＜００１）；ｒｈＥＤＩＬ－８对血浆ＴＸＢ２含量却无明显影响。结论：ｒｈＥＤＩＬ－８抗晚期失血性休克作用与其促进血管内皮细胞产生和释放ＰＧＩ２有关     

梗阻性黄疸患者血浆TXB2,6—K—PGF1αRIA

本文采用放射免疫分析法检测６４例梗阻性黄疸病人（服消炎痛组ｎ＝３２，未服消炎痛组ｎ＝３２）手术前后外因浆血栓素Ａ２和前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）的稳定代谢产物ＴＸＢ２和６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α浓度２，结果表明，未服消炎痛组术前血浆ＴＸＢ２、６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α浓度及Ｔ／Ｐ显著升高，尤以ＴＸＢ２升高明显（Ｐ〈０．０１）。术后血浆ＴＸＢ２、６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α下降，但ＴＸＢ２仍高于无黄疸组水平，Ｔ／Ｐ无明显变化（Ｐ〉０     

过敏性哮喘豚鼠血小板激活因子的变化及川芎嗪的影响

本研究采用生物定量测定方法观察了豚鼠实验性哮喘时血浆ｌｙｓｏ－ＰＡＦ和肺泡灌洗（ＢＡＬＦ）中ＰＡＦ的变化。结果显示：致敏级豚鼠哮喘发作时血浆ｌｙｓｏ－ＰＡＦ水平显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１），ＢＡＬＦ中ＰＡＦ水平也明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５），同时伴有血浆及ＢＡＬＦ中ＴＸＢ２、ＴＸＢ２／６－酮－ＰＧＦ１α水平的升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。致敏＋川芎嗪组豚鼠血浆ｌｙｓｏ－ＰＡＦ明显低于致敏组豚鼠（Ｐ〈０     

高胆固醇血症大鼠LDL受体与apoA－1mRNA的水平变化及苯甲酸雌二醇对其影响

本文研究了实验性高胆固醇血症大鼠肝及小肠中低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）受体ｍＲＮＡ和载脂蛋白（ａｐｏ）Ａ－１ｍＲＮＡ的水平变化以及苯甲酸雌二醇（ＥＢ）对二者的影响。发现高脂（ＨＣ）组肝及小肠ＬＤＬ受体ｍＲＮＡ水平分别低于正常组５０％和６０％（Ｐ＜０．０５），小肠ａｐｏＡ－１ｍＲＮＡ水平低于正常组５８％（Ｐ＜０．０５），此时血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）及ＬＤＬ胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－ｃ）均明显高于正常组（Ｐ＜０．０１），血清ａｐｏＡ－１低于正常组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＨＣ＋ＥＢ组血清ＴＣ及ＬＤＬ－ｃ明显低于ＨＣ组，而肝ＬＤＬ受体ｍＲＮＡ水平则显著高于ＨＣ组，为ＨＣ组的３．５倍（Ｐ＜０．００２）。结果提示：（１）高胆固醇负荷时细胞可通过转录水平下行调节ＬＤＬ受体；（２）小肠可能在ａｐｏＡ－１的代谢中起重要作用；（３）ＥＢ可能通过诱导肝ＬＤＬ受体基因表达而降血脂。     

"肝郁"大鼠血浆TXA2、 PGI2水平与肝微循环变化及逍遥散作用

目的 探讨“肝郁”大鼠模型血浆ＴＸＡ２、ＰＧＩ２水平与肝微循环变化，揭示“肝郁致瘀”的机理。方法 用捆绑式限制大鼠活动制作肝郁大鼠模型，血浆６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α、ＴＸＢ２测定采用放射免疫分析法，肝微区、胃微区ＢＣＰＡ测定用ＬＤＦ－Ⅱ型激光微循环血流计。结果 造模大鼠一般于造模第３～４ｄ出现“肝郁”现象：肝郁大鼠血浆６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α明显降低（Ｐ〉０．０１）；ＴＸＢ２明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０１     

男性冠心病患者性激素与脂蛋白（a）关系的初步探讨

目的：探讨男性冠心病患者性激素与血脂的关系。方法：分别用放射免疫法及ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定血清性激素及脂蛋白（ａ）［Ｌｐ（ａ）］水平，用酶法及透射比浊法测定血胆固醇及载脂蛋白浓度。结果：冠心病组血清睾酮（Ｔ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）明显低于正常对照组（Ｐ＜００１），血清雌二醇与睾酮比率、Ｌｐ（ａ）明显高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜００１），而血清雌二醇（Ｅ２）、载脂蛋白及血浆总胆固醇（ＴＣ）两组间无显著差异（Ｐ＞００５）。冠心病组血清Ｔ水平与ＨＤＬ－Ｃ水平呈显著正相关（Ｐ＜００１），与Ｌｐ（ａ）水平呈显著负相关（Ｐ＜００５）；血清Ｅ２水平与Ｌｐ（ａ）水平无相关性。结论：睾酮下降为主的性激素失衡是男性冠心病的致病因子。     

过敏性紫癜患者血浆GMP－140、cAMP、cGMP、IgG和IgA水平的研究

采用放射免疫法（ＧＭＰ－１４０用单位点免疫放射法）测定过敏性紫癜患者治疗前（ｎ＝２１）后（ｎ＝１９）血浆α－颗粒膜蛋白（ＧＭＰ－１４０）、环磷酸腺苷（ｃＡＭＰ）、环磷酸鸟苷（ｃＧＭＰ）、免疫球蛋白Ｇ和Ａ（ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ）含量，以３１例健康人作对照．结果，患者与对照比较，血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０（７５４±１６８分子数／血小板，Ｔ＝２．２９５，Ｐ＜０．０５），ｃＡＭＰ（１９．８９±７．９２对１４．２６±５．６３ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｔ＝２．９９９，Ｐ＜０．０１），ｃＧＭＰ（４．８７±２．６２对３．４１±１．６９ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｔ＝２．４４６，Ｐ＜０．０５），ＩｇＧ（１５．７５±５．５４对１１．４５±４．８６ｇ／Ｌ，Ｔ＝２．９５８，Ｐ＜０．０１）和ＩｇＡ（１．６８±０．８７对１．１６±０．５２ｇ／Ｌ，Ｔ＝２．６９８，Ｐ＜０．０１），且ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ水平升高呈正相关（ｒ＝０．４６９，Ｐ＜０．０５）。过敏性紫癜患者临床治愈后上述物质血浆含量下降，与对照比较无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）．提示过敏性紫癜患者血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０、ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ、ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＡ可明显升高，临床治愈后恢复正常。     

冠心病患者血浆氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白、内皮素和α-颗粒膜蛋白水平变化的研究

通过对１０１ 例冠心病患者血浆氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白（ＯＸ－ ＬＤＬ） ,血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）和血小板α－ 颗粒膜蛋白（ＧＭＰ－ １４０） 水平变化的研究, 探讨动脉粥样硬化（ＡＳ） 形成的机制, 为冠心病的预防、早期诊断、治疗提供理论依据。采用抗ＯＸ－ ＬＤＬ单克隆抗体, 酶标多克隆抗体夹心和放射免疫分析的方法, 对血浆中ＯＸ－ ＬＤＬ、ＥＴ、ＧＭＰ－ １４０ 水平进行分析。结果显示除隐匿型外, 对照组与冠心病组之间的比较和冠心病组各型之间的比较, 血浆中ＯＸ－ ＬＤＬ、ＥＴ、ＧＭＰ－１４０ 水平均有显著差异（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．００１ 或Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ;测定三项指标其波动范围及ＯＸ－ ＬＤＬ／ＥＴ、ＧＭＰ－ １４０／ＥＴ的比值分析, 前者以隐匿型和心肌梗塞型最显著（２ ．２７ ,１ ．２３）,后者以心肌梗塞和心绞痛最明显（０ ．７１ ,０ ．７５） 。由此认为： ＯＸ－ ＬＤＬ、ＥＴ　ＧＭＰ－ １４０ 参与了ＡＳ的发生发展, 为冠心病的预防,早期诊断、治疗提供了理论依据。     

内毒素大鼠休克早期血浆组织因子与组织因子途径抑制物的观察

目的：观察内毒素休克早期大鼠血浆ＴＦ、ＴＦＰＩ的变化。结果：静脉给予内毒素的大鼠ＭＡＰ呈进行性下降，至１２０ｍｉｎ时降至（５８±２５）ｋＰａ，ＴＦ含量高于对照组（Ｐ＜００５），而ＴＦＰＩ无显著改变（Ｐ＞００５）。血浆ＴＮＦ含量明显增高（Ｐ＜００１），ＡＴⅢ活性显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜００１）；ＷＢＣ计数减少（Ｐ＜００１），ＰＬ计数无明显改变（Ｐ＞００５）。结论：内毒素休克早期休克组织因子凝血途径易化因素增强，而拮抗因素不变或减弱     

哮喘患者支气管肺泡灌洗液中细胞分类及其T细胞亚群的改变

目的和方法：采用间接免疫荧光法和支气管肺泡灌洗液（ｂｒｏｎｃｈｉａｌａｌｖｅｏｌａｒｌａｖａｇｅｆｌｕｉｄ，ＢＡＬＦ）技术观察１２例过敏性哮喘患者和２３例健康人外周血和ＢＡＬＦ中的Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群变化：结果：与健康对照组比较，过敏性哮喘患者外周血的Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群无明显改变，但其ＢＡＬＦ中的ＣＤ４＋细胞显著增高（５４．９７±４１４）％ｖｓ（７９．７１±９．６３）％，Ｐ＜００５；ＣＤ４＋与ＣＤ８＋细胞的比值也显著增高（１６４±０．３２ｖｓ２．３２±０．８３，Ｐ＜００５）。此外，过敏性哮喘患者ＢＡＬＦ中肥大细胞和嗜酸细胞百分比（００９±０．０４）％和（３６２±１．０６）％明显高于健康对照组（００２±０．０１）％和（０．３９±０．３０）％，Ｐ＜００５和Ｐ＜００１。结论：ＣＤ４＋细胞在哮喘的气道炎症中发挥重要作用。     

Economical and rational in vivo and in vitro diagnosis in Basedow hyperthyroidism

Immunogenic hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease) is a life-long ailment. A widespread diagnostic evaluation is essential for unbiased initial values prior to therapy. The major goals of initial investigation are to determine a functional disturbance of the organ, its pathogenesis and morphology. Even a suppressed ultrasensitive bTSH value represents no evidence of overt hyperthyroidism; a positive diagnosis can only be established by the additional presence of increased parameters of circulating free thyroid hormones (fT3, fT4). Evidence of any immunogenic pathogenesis is given by positive thyroid antibody values (TRAK, MAK, TAK). Moreover, the use of sonography (with poor diffuse echo and increased thyroid depth) as well as Tc-99m scan indicating primary autonomy, thyroxine induced hyperthyroidism or painless thyroiditis) may both prove rather useful in a rational and economical diagnosis of Graves' disease.     

The cyclic-AMP concentration in plasma and in muscle in response to exercise and beta-blockade in man

At rest the cAMP concentration in (muscle samples of) the quadriceps femoris ranged from 1.55 to 3.00 μmol per kg dry muscle and in plasma from 15.3 to 32.3 nmol per 1. Blockade of the beta adrenoreceptors with propranolol resulted in a significant decrease in the concentration in muscle at rest, the magnitude of the fall being related to the inital level. Similarly in plasma there was a trend towards lower levels of cAMP in those with the highest pretreatment levels, but the overall change was not statistically significant. There was no relation between the concentrations in muscle and plasma, before or after beta-blockade. Maximum dynamic exercise for 4–8 min resulted in an approximate doubling in the cAMP concentration in both muscle and blood. The increase in plasma was closely related to that in muscle. Beta-blockade inhibited totally the rise in cAMP in muscle during exercise but was marginally less effective in preventing the increase in blood. No increase in plasma or muscle cAMP levels during 40–70 s isometric contraction were observed.     

Age-related impairments in memory and in CREB and pCREB expression in hippocampus and amygdala following inhibitory avoidance training

This experiment examined whether age-related changes in CREB and pCREB contribute to the rapid forgetting seen in aged animals. Young (3-month-old) and aged (24-month-old) Fischer-344 rats received inhibitory avoidance training with a low (0.2 mA, 0.4 s) or moderate (0.5 mA, 0.5 s) foot shock; memory was measured 7 days later. Other rats were euthanized 30 min after training, and CREB and pCREB expression levels were examined in the hippocampus, amygdala, and piriform cortex using immunohistochemistry. CREB levels decreased with age in the hippocampus and amygdala. After training with either shock level, young rats exhibited good memory and increases in pCREB levels in the hippocampus and amygdala. Aged rats exhibited good memory for the moderate but not the low shock but did not show increases in pCREB levels after either shock intensity. These results suggest that decreases in total CREB and in pCREB activation in the hippocampus and amygdala may contribute to rapid forgetting in aged rats. After moderate foot shock, the stable memory in old rats together with absence of CREB activation suggests either that CREB was phosphorylated in a spatiotemporal pattern other than analyzed here or that the stronger training conditions engaged alternate mechanisms that promote long-lasting memory.     

ALA和HMME水凝胶栓剂的制备和体内外释药研究

目的 制备光敏剂5-氨基酮戊酸(ALA)和血卟啉单甲醚(HMME)水凝胶栓剂,评价其对直肠肿瘤组织的光敏剂递送效率.方法 将皮下移植人直肠癌细胞SW837的BALB/c小鼠随机分为水凝胶栓剂直肠局部给药组、皮肤局部给药组、瘤内注射给药组和静脉注射给药组.用荧光光谱仪测量直肠壁、皮肤和皮下肿瘤中原卟啉(PpⅨ)和HMME的浓度,荧光光谱系统测定相应的光敏剂分布情况.结果 ALA水凝胶栓剂直肠局部给药组的PpⅨ浓度分别是皮肤局部给药组的9.76倍(1 h)和5.80倍(3 h),差异均具有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).皮肤局部给药后2h,ALA在肿瘤组织内达到最大穿透深度(3～6 mm).而HMME水凝胶栓剂直肠局部给药后,直肠壁中的HMME浓度极低,且皮肤局部给药后的最大肿瘤穿透深度不足2 mm.结论 与皮肤相比,ALA更易穿透黏膜屏障,以水凝胶栓剂形式直肠局部给药有望成为ALA用于光动力疗法治疗直肠癌的一种给药方式.     

Advances in adult asthma diagnosis and treatment and HEDQ in 2010

This summary reviews research published over the past year on asthma and through the prism of health care delivery and quality. Special attention is given to management, therapeutics, and the role of environmental exposures and their interactions with genetics. The discussion is framed around the 3 stages of translational research: from bench to first studies in human subjects, then to larger efficacy studies in well-defined patient populations, and finally into practice through effectiveness research in real-world settings.     

Ceramide in apoptosis and oxidative stress in allergic inflammation and asthma

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