Long-term risk of diabetes, hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy associated with the metabolic syndrome in a general population

OBJECTIVES: Metabolic syndrome is accompanied by an increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus. Limited or no evidence exists on whether and to what extent metabolic syndrome increases the risk of developing office hypertension, daily-life hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. METHODS: In 1412 individuals representative of the population of Monza, plasma glucose, office, home and ambulatory blood pressure, and echocardiographic left ventricular mass index were measured between 1990 and 1992 and 10 years later. New onset diabetes mellitus, new onset office, home and ambulatory hypertension as well as new onset left ventricular hypertrophy were assessed in individuals with and without metabolic syndrome (Adult Treatment Panel criteria) at the first examination. RESULTS: New onset diabetes mellitus, hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy were all much more frequent in individuals with metabolic syndrome than in those without. In patients with metabolic syndrome, the adjusted risk of new onset diabetes mellitus was five to six times greater (P < 0.001), that of new onset office, home or ambulatory hypertension 3.5, 2.9 and 3.2 times greater (P < 0.001), respectively, and that of new onset left ventricular hypertrophy 2.6 times greater (P < 0.001). The most important predictors of new onset diabetes mellitus, hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy were the baseline blood glucose, blood pressure and left ventricular mass index, respectively, with an independent contribution, in each condition, from other metabolic syndrome components. The metabolic syndrome as such did not have an additional predictive value. CONCLUSION: In the general population, metabolic syndrome is associated with a marked increase in the risk not only of new onset diabetes mellitus but also of new onset office and daily-life hypertension, and left ventricular hypertrophy. This may account for the increased rate of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality exhibited with this condition in long-term studies.     

Increased ambulatory arterial stiffness index is associated with target organ damage in primary hypertension

Increased arterial stiffness has been shown to predict cardiovascular mortality in patients with primary hypertension. Asymptomatic organ damage is known to precede cardiovascular events. We investigated the relationship between a recently proposed index of stiffness derived from ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and target organ damage in 188 untreated patients with primary hypertension. Ambulatory arterial stiffness index was defined as 1 minus the regression slope of diastolic over systolic BP readings obtained from 24-hour recordings. Albuminuria was measured as the albumin:creatinine ratio, left ventricular mass index was assessed by echocardiography, and carotid abnormalities were evaluated by ultrasonography. The prevalence of microalbuminuria, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and carotid abnormalities was 12%, 38%, and 19%, respectively. Ambulatory arterial stiffness index was positively related to age, triglycerides, office and 24-hour systolic BP, 24-hour pulse pressure, urinary albumin excretion, and carotid intima-media thickness. Patients with microalbuminuria, carotid abnormalities, or LVH showed higher ambulatory arterial stiffness index as compared with those without it. After adjusting for confounding factors, each SD increase in ambulatory arterial stiffness index entails an &2 times higher risk of microalbuminuria, carotid abnormalities, and LVH and doubles the risk of the occurrence of >or=1 sign of organ damage. Ambulatory arterial stiffness index is associated with organ damage in patients with primary hypertension. These data strengthen the role of this index as a marker of risk and help to explain the high cardiovascular mortality reported in patients with high ambulatory arterial stiffness index.     

老年高血压病患者左心室肥厚危险因素分析

目的　旨在探讨老年高血压病患者伴发左心室肥厚的危险因素。方法　15 5例老年男性高血压病患者分为高血压伴左心室肥厚组(45例)和高血压无左心室肥厚组(110例) ,比较两组患者2 4h血压监测各项指标、纤维蛋白原及血脂等浓度,用多元逐步回归分析,探讨左心室肥厚的可能影响因素。结果　两组患者之间年龄、体重指数、体表面积差异无显著性意义;但高血压病程、2 4h平均脉压、平均收缩压及纤维蛋白原差异有显著性意义;2 4h平均脉压升高可能为左心室肥厚的独立危险因素。结论　高血压伴发左心室肥厚是长期血压控制不良、代谢紊乱等多因素作用的结果,其中,脉压增大者更易出现左心室肥厚。     

高血压患者动态脉搏波速度与左室肥厚和左心功能的关系

目的 探讨高血压患者动态脉搏波速度（pulse wave velocity, PWV）与左心室重构和左室舒张功能的关系。方法 本研究回顾性收集在2011年5月-2013年1月期间,于卫生部北京医院门诊或住院的≥18岁的原发性高血压患者,采用Mobil-O-Graph PWA无创动态血压监测仪测量动态血压和动态PWV。同期进行超声心动图检查,评估左心室结构和功能。采用Pearson相关分析,比较动态PWV和左室结构功能参数之间的相关性。采用二元Logistics回归分析,分析动态PWV、年龄、性别、体重指数、糖尿病、吸烟、血脂异常和是否服用降压药物对左室肥厚（LVH）的影响。结果 总共有136患者纳入此研究。平均年龄55.4±14.1岁,72.1%为男性。动态PWV平均值为8.10±1.97ms-1,动态PWV与左心室质量指数（LVMI）（r=0.257,p=0.003）和左心房前后径（r=0.431,p<0.001）呈显著正相关,与E/A比值呈显著负相关（r=-0.337,p<0.001）。二元logistic回归分析显示,高血压患者动态PWV是LVH的独立危险因素。结论：高血压患者中,动态PWV与LVMI相关,可能是LVH的独立危险因素。     

Importance of left ventricular mass as a predictor of cardiovascular morbidity in hypertension

Arterial hypertension is a powerful risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but the ability to use blood pressure measurements to predict complications in individual patients or small groups is limited. One possible approach to identifying hypertensive patients at high risk is based on the observation that the presence of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (ECG-LVH) identifies individuals at severalfold higher risk than other individuals with similar blood pressure but no ECG-LVH. The suggestion that the increased risk associated with ECG-LVH is related to increased left ventricular (LV) mass has been supported by autopsy studies in which heart weight was found to be increased in patients dying of cardiovascular diseases. Unfortunately, the usefulness of LVH to predict prognosis in hypertension has been limited practically by the fact that ECG-LVH is present in only 3% to 8% of average hypertensive patients, and by the possibility that certain electrocardiographic patterns, particularly involving repolarization, might reflect undiagnosed coronary artery disease rather than myocardial hypertrophy. The development over the past dozen years of anatomically validated echocardiographic methods of measuring LV muscle mass has provided a probe that is more sensitive than electrocardiography for detection of hypertensive LVH. This method has now been utilized in studies which suggest that LV mass may be more important than blood pressure as a predictor and possible determinant of cardiovascular morbid events. It is the purpose of this review to evaluate critically these findings and other clinical and experimental evidence related to the prognostic significance and possible mechanisms of risk associated with increased LV mass.     

Relationship between left ventricular mass and blood pressure in treated hypertension

This study evaluated prospectively whether there is still a relationship between left ventricular mass and blood pressure once hypertension is treated and determined the relative importance of daytime vs night-time blood pressure, systolic vs diastolic blood pressure and office vs ambulatory blood pressure. A total of 649 patients (305 or 47% female) with essential hypertension, treated with antihypertensive drugs for at least 3 months, underwent office blood pressure measurement and both daytime and night-time ambulatory blood pressure measurement, electrocardiography and echocardiography. Correlations were made between blood pressure values and parameters of left ventricular mass. Electrocardiographic voltage criteria and even more so echocardiographic parameters correlate significantly albeit weakly (r < or = 0.28) with blood pressure in treated hypertension. Correlations are consistently higher when systolic blood pressure is considered. Overall, the best correlations are found between 24-h ambulatory systolic or night-time blood pressure and the Sokolow-Lyon voltage as well as the echocardiographic age and body mass index adjusted left ventricular mass. In conclusion, once hypertension is treated, the relationship between blood pressure and left ventricular mass is low. Nevertheless, in this the largest single centre study of its kind, echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular mass in treated hypertensive subjects correlate better with blood pressure than electrocardiographic parameters. Parameters of hypertrophy are more closely related to systolic blood pressure than to diastolic blood pressure. In accordance with the finding that dippers have a better prognosis than non-dippers, night-time blood pressure consistently correlates better with left ventricular mass than daytime blood pressure.     

Factors correlated with left ventricular mass in hypertensive patients

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent risk factor in hypertensive patient. THE AIM: Of our study is to evaluate prospectively the relationship between left ventricular mass and clinical, echocardiographical and ambulatory blood pressure data in hypertensive subjects. METHODS: We studied 88 hypertensive patient who underwent clinical and laboratory investigation, echocardiography and 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Correlations were made between these data and left ventricular mass. RESULTS: Clinical data, which correlated well with left ventricular mass, were duration of hypertension, systolic arterial pressure and pulse arterial pressure. In echocardiography left atrial area and left ventricular dysfunction correlated significatively with left ventricular mass. Data from 24 hours blood pressure monitoring as daytime systolic pressure, nighttimes diastolic pressure, ambulatory systolic pressure and ambulatory pulse pressure. CONCLUSION: In hypertensive patient, left ventricular mass correlated well with left atrial dilation and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction. It also correlated with 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure monitoring data.     

From left ventricular hypertrophy to congestive heart failure: management of hypertensive heart disease

Other than age, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the most potent predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in the hypertensive population, and is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease, sudden death, heart failure and stroke. Although directly related to systolic blood pressure, other factors including age, sex, race, body mass index and stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems play an important role in the pathogenesis of LVH. LVH involves changes in myocardial tissue architecture consisting of perivascular and myocardial fibrosis and medial thickening of intramyocardial coronary arteries, in addition to myocyte hypertrophy. The physiologic alterations which occur as a result of these anatomical changes include disturbances of myocardial blood flow, the development of an arrhythmogenic myocardial substrate and diastolic dysfunction. The latter is directly related to the degree of myocardial fibrosis and is the hemodynamic hallmark of hypertensive heart disease. When diastolic dysfunction is present, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increases out-of-proportion to volume and may be elevated at rest or with exertion leading to clinical heart failure. At least one third of heart failure patients in the United States can be considered to have heart failure related to diastolic dysfunction. Compared to heart failure patients with systolic dysfunction, diastolic heart failure patients are more likely to be older, female, and to be hypertensive at the time of presentation. Although it has been assumed that LVH may lead to systolic dysfunction, evidence is lacking that LVH resulting from hypertension is a major risk factor for systolic heart failure independent of coronary artery disease. Treatment of hypertension greatly attenuates the development of LVH and significantly decreases the incidence of heart failure. In patients with established LVH, regression is both possible and desirable and results in a significant reduction in adverse clinical endpoints.     

Circadian blood pressure pattern in patients with treated hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy

Left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensives is an important determinant of prognosis. In the present study 45 patients with treated essential hypertension were divided into two groups: 23 patients had normal left ventricular dimension and 22 patients had echocardiographic signs of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). All patients were adequately treated during daytime, but ambulatory blood pressure monitoring showed a distinct abnormal pattern in the LVH group characterized by a lack of blood pressure reduction during the night; 16 of 22 patients with LVH had no blood pressure decline during the night, whereas 17 of 23 patients without hypertrophy showed this reduction (P less than 0.01). In conclusion, patients with hypertension and LVH often reveal a lack of blood pressure decline during the night, which may be the reason for the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (and thus should be managed by a different circadian blood pressure therapy) or which may be the consequence of progressive structural changes in the resistance vessels, along with the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. It is suggested that patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy should have ambulatory twenty-four hour blood pressure monitoring.     

Hereditary factors and left ventricular hypertrophy

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease in men and women with hypertension and in asymptomatic subjects with normal blood pressure. In hypertensive patients it is a stronger coronary risk factor than casual blood pressure readings. Correlation between levels of high blood pressure, duration of hypertension and left ventricular mass is poor. Epidemiological studies suggest that left ventricular hypertrophy may be influenced by genetic factors. In our review we present study groups of genes contributing to the development of left ventricular hypertrophy: 1) genes that encode components of hormonal pathways, 2) genes of key sympathetic and parasympathetic receptors, 3) genes that modify intracellular ion homeostasis, 4) genes that modify energy metabolism, 5) genes that modify motor unit composition and regulation. Angiotensinogen gene, angiotensin-converting enzyme gene, angiotensin receptor type 1 gene, aldosterone synthase gene, nitric oxide synthase gene, type A natriuretic peptide receptor gene, beta(2)-adrenergic receptor gene, G-protein beta(3) subunit gene are associated with left ventricular hypertrophy.     

Circadian rhythm and variability of blood pressure and target organ damage in essential hypertension

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of blood pressure variability and circadian rhythm on left ventricular mass and urinary albumin excretion rate (UAE) in patients with essential hypertension. 82 untreated patients (35 women and 47 men; mean age 41.1 +/- 13.7) were recruited to this study. Mean office blood pressure at entry was 152/97 mmHg. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed using an Medilog ABP recorder (Oxford). Blood pressure variability was estimated as the standard deviation (SD) of systolic and diastolic ambulatory blood pressure. Urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was estimated by the radioimmunoassay during two separate days. Echocardiography was used to measure left ventricular mass and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). The median urinary albumin excretion for the whole group was 8.2 mg/day; in 18 patients (21.9%) microalbuminuria was present. Left ventricular mass index in a whole group was 109.1 g/m2; in 23 subjects (28.0%) left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was found. Patients with microalbuminuria as well as with left ventricular hypertrophy had higher office and 24 hour ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure and higher systolic blood pressure variability. During ABPM 18 patients with absent nocturnal fall in blood pressure (non-dippers) were found; they did not display more frequent prevalence of target organ damage. Increased 24-hour blood pressure variability present in hypertensive subjects with both microalbuminuria and left ventricular hypertrophy may suggest that this phenomenon plays role in development of target organ damage.     

Prevalence, persistence, and clinical significance of masked hypertension in youth

Masked hypertension, an elevated daytime ambulatory blood pressure in the presence of a normal office blood pressure, confers an increased cardiovascular risk to adults. We investigated the prevalence, persistence, and clinical significance of masked hypertension in children and adolescents. We enrolled 592 youths (6 to 18 years old). Youths with masked hypertension (n=34) and a random sample of the normotensive participants (n=200) were followed-up. In a nested case-control study, we compared echocardiographic left ventricular mass among cases with persistent masked hypertension and normotensive controls. At baseline, mean age was 10.2 years; 535 youths were normotensive on office and daytime ambulatory blood pressure measurement (90.4%), and 45 had masked hypertension (7.6%). Compared with normotensive controls, participants with masked hypertension had a higher ambulatory pulse rate, were more obese, and were 2.5-times more likely to have a parental history of hypertension. Among 34 patients with masked hypertension (median follow-up 37 months), 18 became normotensive, 13 had persistent masked hypertension, and 3 had sustained hypertension. Patients with persistent masked hypertension (n=17) or who progressed from masked to sustained hypertension (n=3) had a higher left ventricular mass index (34.9 versus 29.6 g/m2.7; P=0.023) and a higher percentage with left ventricular mass index above the 95th percentile (30% versus 0%; P=0.014) than normotensive controls. In children and adolescents, masked hypertension is a precursor of sustained hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. This condition warrants follow-up and, once it becomes persistent, is an indication for blood pressure-lowering treatment.     

Left ventricular hypertrophy and clinical outcomes in hypertensive patients

The prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) rises with severity of hypertension (HT), age, and obesity. Its prevalence ranges from 20% in mildly hypertensive patients to almost 100% in those with severe or complicated HT. However, the diagnosis of LVH is not straightforward, and the definitions and criteria used in clinical studies lack consistency. While many factors play a role in the onset and progression of LVH, blood pressure (BP) is recognized as a central factor. Twenty-four-hour BP measurements are more closely related to LVH than conventional BP readings taken in the clinician's office. Increased renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity also plays an important role in the development of LVH, and various studies show a correlation between plasma renin activity and left ventricular mass (LVM). LVH is a recognized marker of HT-related target organ damage, and a strong and independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. CV risk increases with increasing LVM, and decreases with regression of LVH in response to antihypertensive treatment. Therefore the detection, prevention, and reversal of LVH are important goals in HT management. Most antihypertensive drugs can attenuate BP and LVH. However, each drug class may induce LVH regression to a different extent and these extents seldom correlate with the degree of BP reduction achieved. Data from the few large comparative studies in this area suggest that certain classes of antihypertensive drugs and/or their combinations are more effective than others. In particular, calcium channel blockers and drugs that target the RAS, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), appear to have a specific effect on LVH, independent of BP reduction. Guidelines, therefore, have recommended these drug classes for the treatment of hypertensive patients with LVH.     

老年高血压患者动脉僵硬度与左心室肥厚关系

目的探讨老年高血压患者动脉僵硬度与左心室肥厚的关系。方法选择原发性老年高血压患者68例,以左心室重量指数(LVMI)作为评价左心室肥厚指标,将患者分为左心室肥厚组(32例)和非左心室肥厚组(36例)。以颈动脉-股动脉肢体动脉搏动波(cfPWV)和脉压作为评价动脉僵硬度指标,进行24 h动态血压监测、cfPWV及超声心动图检测,并进行多因素相关分析。结果左心室肥厚组较非左心室肥厚组患者cfPWV高[(14.45±1.83)m/s vs(10.89±1.94)m/s]、脉压大[(78.66±9.05)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)vs(60.39±7.74)mm Hg],两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),logistic回归分析显示,LVMI与cfPWV、脉压呈正相关。结论动脉僵硬度增加是老年高血压患者左心室肥厚的重要危险因素。     

Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension--does it reduce cardiovascular risk?

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a well-known cardiovascular risk factor. Left ventricular mass reduction following anti-hypertensive treatment has also been demonstrated. However, few prospective and systematic clinical trials have analyzed whether regression of LVH is associated with improved prognosis. Two recently published LIFE substudies consistently show that the greater the reduction of LVH, assessed by ECG or by echocardiography in the setting of a prospective trial of anti-hypertensive treatment, the greater the reduction in cardiovascular event rates, independent of treatment modality and of decreases in blood pressure. These results support LVH regression as a therapeutic target in hypertension.     

高血压合并糖尿病患者左心室肥大与血压变异性指数的相关性分析

目的研究高血压合并糖尿病患者左心室肥大与血压变异性(BPV)指数的相关性。方法纳入高血压合并糖尿病患者120例,并根据患者的临床确诊资料信息及心电图资料将患者分为左心室肥大(LVH)组和非LVH组,比较两组的BPV相关指数,Logistic回归分析患者左心室肥大的相关危险因素,Pearson相关分析左心室质量指数(LVMI)与BPV各指标之间的相关性。结果高血压合并糖尿病LVH组患者较非LVH组患者的白天收缩压变异系数(dSBPCV)、白天舒张压变异系数(dDBPCV)、24 h收缩压变异系数(24hSBPCV)、24 h舒张压变异系数(24hDBPCV)均显著上升(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果提示dSBPCV、dDBPCV、24hDPBCV、24hSBPCV水平的上升是高血压合并糖尿病患者左心室肥大的相关危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05);Pearson相关分析结果提示:LVMI与24hSBPCV、24hDBPCV以及dSBPCV、dDBPCV均呈正相关(r分别为0.345、0.412、0.387、0.441,P<0.05)。结论高血压合并糖尿...     

原发性高血压左心室肥厚与24小时平均脉压相关性的探讨

目的探讨原发性高血压(EH)左心室肥厚(LVH)与24h平均脉压(PP)和大动脉内径变化的关系。方法应用24h动态血压监测和超声心动图检查,测量并计算80例EH患者24h平均PP,左心室重量指数及主动脉根部内径。分LVH组和无LVH组,分别进行统计学比较。结果24h平均PP和主动脉根部内径在EH有LVH组和无LVH组之间均有显著性差异(P<0.01),左心室重量指数与PP(r=0.3,P<0.01)和主动脉根部内径(r=0.5,P<0.01)之间存在一定的正相关。结论24h平均PP和大动脉内径增大,提示大动脉顺应性下降,在EH发生LVH中起重要作用。     

Optimal antihypertensive therapy for prevention and treatment of left ventricular hypertrophy

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is considered an adaptation to a pressure load on the left ventricle and is common in hypertensive patients. The condition is a profound risk factor for cardiovascular events, greater than and independent of blood pressure. It is now recognized in hypertension management guidelines as an indication for more stringent blood pressure control. All of the first-line antihypertensive agents have been shown to variably regress LVH, but no definitive evidence yet shows that one agent is superior to others in decreasing risk independent of blood pressure control. Although some evidence suggests that reduction of LVH is associated with improved prognosis independent of blood pressure control, relative efficacy of drug classes in this regard has yet to be demonstrated. At present, recommendations for optimal therapy in hypertensive patients with LVH must rest on the presence of underlying cardiac and noncardiac conditions, with the understanding that the major classes of antihypertensive agents will probably decrease LVH.     

Regression of echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy after 2 years of therapy reduces cardiovascular risk in patients with essential hypertension

BACKGROUND: There is still ambiguity about the prognostic relevance of regression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (as revealed by echocardiography) in a large population of subjects with hypertension, with and without evidence of LVH in their electrocardiograms (ECGs). This holds true even after adjusting for various confounders including in treatment ambulatory blood pressure (BP). The most suitable time point for a follow-up echocardiography also remains a matter for debate. In this study, we investigated the prognostic relevance of regression of LVH after 2 years of therapy, in a large population of subjects with hypertension, and possessing the aforesaid characteristics. METHODS: The occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events was evaluated in 387 patients with LVH shown by echocardiography at baseline, and these patients were studied again after 2 years of therapy. At the second examination, 245 subjects showed regression of LVH, whereas 142 did not. RESULTS: During the time period before the subsequent follow up (6.2 +/- 3 years, range 1.9-12.9 years), 59 first adverse events (26 cardiac and 33 cerebrovascular) had occurred among these subjects. The event rates per 100 patient-years in patients with and without LVH regression were 1.06 and 4.4, respectively. After adjusting for several covariates at the 2-year visit, including in treatment ambulatory BP, Cox regression analysis showed that cardiovascular risk was significantly lower in patients with LVH regression than in those without (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.19-0.68, P = 0.002). When left ventricular (LV) mass index reduction was analyzed instead of LVH status, it was found to be significantly associated with reduced risk (RR 0.62 per 1-s.d. decrease, 95% CI 0.44-0.88, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Regression of LVH, as revealed by echocardiography after 2 years of therapy, is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension, whether or not LVH was revealed in their ECGs. This holds true even after adjusting for various confounders including in treatment ambulatory BP.     

高血压病患者24小时平均脉压与左室肥厚关系的临床研究

目的探讨高血压病（EH）患者24h平均脉压（APP）与左室肥厚（LVH）的关系。方法对90例高血压病患者进行24h动态血压监测及心脏超声检查，根据有无LVH分为两组：LVH组和非LVH组，再以PP≥60mmHg、PP〈60mmHg分为2个亚组。结果LVH组与非LVH组24hAPP分别为（76．3±16．5）mmHg和（56．3±10．6）mmHg，收缩压分别为（156．4±7．26）mmHg和（146．7±11．0）mmHg，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）；而两组舒张压分别为（92．5±5．17）mmHg和（90．2±6．25）mmHg，差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）；PP≥60mmHg组LVH发生率较PP〈60mmHg组显著增加（P〈0.01）。结论高血压患者24hAPP与LVH密切相关，脉压增大是心血管病的危险因素。