拉莫三嗪?托吡酯对癫疒大鼠的脑电图及Bcl-2?Bax表达的影响

目的:探讨拉莫三嗪、托吡酯对青霉素致大鼠行为和脑电图的影响及其对海马神经元的保护作用.方法:观察青霉素致(癎)组、拉莫三嗪组、托吡酯组、丙戊酸钠组大鼠(癎)性发作,记录脑电图.免疫组化SABC染色观察Bcl-2、Bax蛋白的表达.结果:拉莫三嗪组、托吡酯组与丙戊酸钠组脑电(癎)样放电减少,这3组比较癫(癎)发作潜伏期和发作持续时间有统计学意义(P＜0.01).这3组较青霉素致(癎)组Bcl-2细胞增多,Bax细胞减少,托吡酯组、拉莫三嗪组较丙戊酸纳组Bcl-2细胞增多,以上差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:托吡酯、拉莫三嗪抗癫(癎)疗效优于丙戊酸钠,且对青霉素致痢大鼠模型海马神经元有保护作用.     

丙戊酸钠对大鼠脑NMDA受体在爪蟾卵母细胞表达的影响

目的 :观察丙戊酸钠对大鼠脑 N-甲基 - D-天冬氨酸 ( NMDA)受体在非洲爪蟾卵母细胞表达的影响。方法 :采用电压钳位技术记录表达于非洲爪蟾卵母细胞膜上的大鼠脑 NMDA受体通道电流及特性并观察 0 .1和 0 .5 mmol· L-1 丙戊酸钠对大鼠脑 NMDA受体通道电流的影响。结果 :丙戊酸钠 ( 0 .1和 0 .5 mmol· L-1 )对表达于非洲爪蟾卵母细胞的大鼠脑 NMDA受体功能有抑制作用 ,电流峰值由 ( 97.5± 9.8) n A降至 ( 79.7± 1 0 .5 ) n A、( 61 .3± 1 2 .5 ) n A ( P<0 .0 5和P<0 .0 1 )。结论 :丙戊酸钠对大鼠脑 NMDA受体有明显的抑制作用     

杏仁核点燃癫(癎)大鼠脑内P-糖蛋白的表达

目的研究杏仁核电刺激点燃的难治性癫癎大鼠脑内P-糖蛋白（P-glycoprotein,PGP）表达的情况。方法建立杏仁核电刺激点燃的难治性癫癎大鼠模型,用RT-PCR、免疫组织化学及免疫蛋白印记（Western blot）的方法,分析比较PGP蛋白在癫癎模型组与正常对照组的表达。结果在基因和蛋白水平药物难治性癫癎大鼠组皮层和海马PGP的表达都显著高于正常对照组（P〈0.05）,癫癎模型组内皮层和海马间的多药耐基因1（multidrug resistance gene1,MDR1）的表达无明显统计学差异（P〉0.05）;癫癎组大鼠脑内皮层和海马的PGP免疫阳性细胞数较对照组明显增多,统计学比较有差异（P〈0.05）。结论癫癎大鼠脑内高表达的PGP参与了难治性癫癎的耐药机制。     

miRNA-29b、MMP-2在大鼠颅内动脉瘤中的相关性及药物干预

目的 观察miRNA-29b与MMP-2在颅内动脉瘤壁组织中的变化,探讨其在动脉瘤中的相关性及不同药物干预的影响.方法 将40只雄性SD大鼠(6周龄)采用随机数字表法分为模型组、多西环素组、丙戊酸钠组和对照组,每组各10只.模型组、多西环素组、丙戊酸钠组大鼠均采用颈外动脉结扎制造颅内动脉瘤模型,对照组大鼠不做造模处理.前三组于造模成功后分别注射生理盐水0.1 mL/(kg·d)、多西环素15 mg/(kg·d)、丙戊酸钠15 mg/(kg·d),对照组大鼠注射生理盐水0.1 mL/(kg·d).2个月后取各组动脉组织,采用实时荧光定量PCR检测miRNA-29b的表达,采用免疫组化检测MMP-2的表达.结果 模型组、多西环素组、丙戊酸钠组和对照组中miRNA-29b的相对表达量分别为(0.27±0.04),(0.68±0.03),(0.47±0.15),(0.95±0.12),差异均有显著统计学意义(F=10.235,P<0.01);miRNA-29b表达量经两两比较,模型组明显低于对照组,丙戊酸钠组明显高于模型组,而多西环素组明显高于丙戊酸钠组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);模型组、多西环素组、丙戊酸钠组和对照组中MMP-2阳性细胞数分别为(21.10±3.36),(10.27±1.20),(15.24±2.13),(4.50±0.44),差异均有显著统计学意义(F=6.013,P<0.01);MMP-2阳性细胞数经两两比较,模型组明显高于对照组,丙戊酸钠组明显低于模型组,而多西环素组则明显低于丙戊酸钠组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 miRNA-29b、MMP-2的表达水平与颅内动脉瘤的发生相关,多西环素对MMP-2的抑制作用明显强于丙戊酸钠.     

戊四氮点燃大鼠海马水通道蛋白4 和水通道蛋白9的表达

目的:观察戊四氮点燃癫(癎)大鼠海马中水通道蛋白4 (AQP4)和水通道蛋白9 (AQP9)表达的变化,探讨它们在癫(癎)发生发展中的作用.方法:SD大鼠35只,随机分为对照组5只、生理盐水组5只及实验组25只.实验组大鼠腹腔注射戊四氮,制备戊四氮点燃癫(癎)大鼠模型;生理盐水组腹腔注射相应剂量生理盐水;对照组未做处理.实验组大鼠分别于癫(癎)持续发作后3 h、6 h、12 h、24 h和3 d,各取5只大鼠脑组织,免疫组织化学SP法进行AQP4、AQP9检测.结果:实验组大鼠AQP4和AQP9蛋白主要分布于海马CA1、CA3区的锥体细胞层、齿状回颗粒细胞层和多形细胞层;癫(癎)持续状态3 h时,实验组大鼠海马AQP4和AQP9蛋白表达降低,6 h时增大至正常水平,而后逐渐增强,至24 h达高峰,再逐渐降低,至3 d时恢复至正常水平.结论:AQP4和AQP9与癫(癎)的发生发展关系密切.     

环磷酰胺对丁硫氨酸亚砜胺在大鼠体内的药代动力学影响

目的研究环磷酰胺 (CTX)对丁硫氨酸亚砜胺 (BSO)在SD大鼠体内的药代动力学的影响。　方法SD大鼠腹腔注射CTX 2 0mg/kg(用药组 )或生理盐水 (对照组 ) 4d后 ,静脉注射BSO 2 0 0mg/kg。以邻 -苯二甲醛(OPA)柱前衍生反相HPLC为检测手段 ,测定血浆中BSO的浓度。以 3P87软件对实验数据进行拟合 ,判断房室模型并计算药代动力学参数。　结果SD大鼠静脉注射BSO 2 0 0mg/kg ,体内的动力学过程为二室模型 ,T1/2α为 2 7.4±5 .3min ,T1/2 β为 15 9.3± 10 7.3min ,CLs 为 11.8± 2 .3ml·min-1·kg-1,AUC为 2 99.36± 5 0 .13μg·ml-1·h ;SD大鼠在用CTX后 ,BSO在其体内动力学特征也是二室模型 ,T1/2α为 2 5 .2± 2 .2min ,T1/2 β为 114 .3± 2 5 .9min ,CLs 为 13.8± 3.8ml·min-1·kg-1,AUC为 2 5 6 .5 5± 6 6 .2 8μg·ml-1·h。用药组和对照组的药代动力学参数无显著性差异。结论CTX不影响BSO在大鼠体内的药代动力学过程。     

建立丙戊酸钠在中国癫(疒间)患者中的群体药代动力学模型

目的 建立中国癫(癎)患者服用丙戊酸钠的群体药代动力学模型,促进个体化合理给药.方法 收集69例癫(癎)患者服用丙戊酸钠后的血药浓度监测数据和临床资料.应用Phoenix NLME软件建立群体药代动力学模型(n=101,选择比例型残差模型表示),考察协变量(性别、年龄、体质量、合并用药等)对吸收速率常数(Ka)、表观分布容积(Vd)与清除率(CI)的影响.通过自举法对最终模型进行验证及评价(n=500).结果 群体药代动力学最终模型为:TvKa=2.38,V=TvV,CL=TvCL·exp(ηCL).自举500次验证模型,结果显示稳健率100％,得到的参数平均值、中位数均与模型参数结果一致,说明模型比较稳定;年龄、性别、体质量、合并用药等变量无法引入最终模型中.结论 本研究建立的群体药代动力学模型与基础模型一致,可为临床合理的个体化给药提供依据.     

癫痫患儿单次癫痫发作时血清NSE、MBP水平

目的:研究小儿单次癫癎发作是会否引起脑损伤。方法:采用ELISA法对癫癎发作组22例和正常对照组16例患儿进行血清髓鞘碱性蛋白(myelin basic protein,MBP)检测。除去溶血标本,采用ELISA法对癫癎发作组15例和正常对照组14例进行血清神经元特异性烯醇酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)检测。结果:癫癎发作组、对照组血清NSE值分别是(3.91±1.40)μg/L和(4.83±0.96)μg/L,二组之间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。癫癎发作组、对照组血清MBP值分别是(3.58±1.29)μg/L、(1.54±0.89)ug/L,癫癎发作组血清MBP值高于对照组(p<0.05)。结论:本实验提示单次癫癎发作伴有髓鞘破坏和血脑屏障通透性增高,但未提示单次癫癎发作会引起神经元损伤。     

抗癫疒间药对未成年大鼠空间变换学习记忆及脑内蛋白激酶Cγ的影响

目的:探讨临床常用抗癫药苯巴比妥、卡马西平及丙戊酸对未成年大鼠空间变换学习记忆的影响及其与以海马为主的脑内蛋白激酶Cγ(protein kinase Cγ, PKCγ)的相关性,从而研究抗癫药对认知功能影响的细胞及分子机制.方法:将30只21日龄Wistar 大鼠随机分为对照组(未训练组)、训练组、苯巴比妥组(PB 每日60 mg*kg-1)、卡马西平组(CBZ 每日60 mg*kg-1)及丙戊酸组(VPA每日500 mg*kg-1),每组6只.其中后4组每日行饮水为奖励的空间变换学习训练,共10 d,计算各组正确反应率.末次训练后用免疫组化法了解海马CA1-2区、CA3-4区、齿状回、内嗅皮层及杏仁核区PKCγ的染色阳性程度.结果:(1)苯巴比妥组、卡马西平组及丙戊酸组大鼠末次正确反应率均明显低于训练组;(2)训练组海马CA1-2区PKCγ免疫反应阳性程度(用平均光密度表示)明显高于对照组及苯巴比妥组、卡马西平及丙戊酸组与训练组无差异;海马CA3-4区、齿状回、内嗅皮层的免疫反应阳性程度各组间无差异;(3)海马CA1-2区PKCγ免疫反应阳性程度与空间变换学习记忆训练的末次正确反应率成正相关.结论:空间学习伴随脑内海马PKCγ的激活,苯巴比妥、卡马西平及丙戊酸对未成年大鼠空间学习记忆的形成有一定影响,其影响机制是多方面的,PKCγ激活受阻可能是苯巴比妥影响学习记忆的分子机制之一,而CBZ及VPA则可能通过影响PKC的功能或底物或其他机制影响学习记忆.     

完全前循环梗死性发作的预防性治疗研究

目的探讨完全前循环脑梗死所致癎性发作预防性治疗的可行性。方法治疗组37例完全前循环梗死所致癎性发作患者在常规治疗的基础上使用丙戊酸钠预防性抗癫癎治疗;对照组37例完全前循环梗死所致癎性发作患者给予常规治疗。结果经丙戊酸钠抗癫癎治疗者治疗后2周内其癫癎发生率（0.27％）明显低于未经丙戊酸钠抗癫癎治疗的对照组（24.32％）（P〈0.05）,随访观察6个月其癫癎发生率及死亡率也较对照组低（P〈0.01与P〈0.05）。结论应用丙戊酸钠抗癫癎治疗可明显减少完全前循环梗死所致的癎性发作,治疗组癫癎发生率明显降低,治疗组与对照组比较有显著性差异,表明应用抗癫癎药物可有效预防卒中后痫性发作及降低死亡率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.