小儿传染性单核细胞增多症临床特点分析

目的 探讨传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)临床特点.方法 将92例IM患儿分成2个月～3岁,～6岁,～15岁3个组,进行回顾性分析.结果 6岁以下IM患儿占71%,临床表现以发热、咽峡炎、淋巴结肿大、肝脾大为主.扁桃体有白色分泌物者以3岁以上儿童居多;眼睑水肿和皮疹在年幼儿多见.外周血白细胞年幼儿升高明显,异型淋巴细胞年幼儿偏低,血清ALT、AST在年长儿偏高,血清LDH在各年龄组均呈高值.年长儿血清嗜异性凝集试验结果 阳性率高.结论 应重视IM某些临床特点,以提高确诊率.     

儿童传染性单核细胞增多症临床特点与发病年龄的关系:附312例分析

目的 探讨儿童传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)的临床特点与发病年龄的关系.方法 312例IM儿童分成0 ～ 3岁、～ 6岁、～ 15岁3组,进行回顾性分析.结果 IM儿童中6岁以下占74.4%,春季和秋季高发.0 ～ 3岁组发热天数平均(7.08 ± 3.31)d,～ 6岁组平均(7.91 ± 3.78)d,～ 15岁组平均(12.38 ± 4.14)d,～ 15岁组与其他组差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.01).各年龄组咽峡炎(100%)、淋巴结肿大(82.69%)、肝肿大(66.7%)、脾肿大(62.5%)、鼻塞(42.3%)组之间差异无统计学意义(P ＞ 0.05);眼睑浮肿(36.2%)～ 15岁组明显低于其他组(P ＜ 0.05),皮疹(23.1%)在0 ～ 3岁组多见(P ＜ 0.05).外周血白细胞年幼儿升高明显,异型淋巴细胞年幼儿偏低,血清ALT、AST在年长儿偏高,血清LDH在各年龄组均呈高值,血清嗜异凝集试验年长儿阳性率高.结论儿童IM某些临床特点与发病年龄有关,应予以重视,以提高确诊率.     

变态反应性疾病患儿血清特异性IgE检测的临床意义

目的　探讨血清特异性IgE(sIgE)与儿童变态反应病发病的关系 ,为临床防治提供依据。 方法　采用法玛西亚公司的免疫CAP诊断系统 ,以荧光酶联免疫法测定sIgE。 结果　 71例患儿中可查到 5 4例 4 8种变应原阳性的sIgE ,有些患儿对多种变应原呈阳性反应。支气管哮喘患儿阳性检出率为 74 % (37∶5 0 ) ;变应性鼻炎患儿阳性检出率为 6 4 % (7∶11) ;特应性皮炎及湿疹患儿阳性检出率为 80 % (8∶10 )。主要阳性变应原为户尘螨、屋尘、蒿草、烟曲霉等吸入性变应原和鸡蛋白、牛奶、花生、黄豆等食物性变应原。年幼儿组 (3～ 6岁 )以食物性变应原为主 ;年长儿组 (7～ 15岁 )以吸入性变应原为主。对上述 8种变应原的sIgE两组之间定量比较 ,经秩和检验发现吸入性变应原蒿草的sIgE在组间有明显差异 ,年长儿组高于年幼儿组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;食物性变应原牛奶的sIgE在组间有明显差异 ,年幼儿组高于年长儿组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　上述 8种变应原是引起太原地区儿童变态反应病的主要变应原 ,随年龄增长血清中吸入性变应原的sIgE的阳性率增多 ,食物性变应原的sIgE的阳性率减少 ;sIgE对外源性变态反应病阳性检出率高。     

新生儿及婴幼儿间日疟临床误诊病例分析

新生儿及婴幼儿间日疟临床表现较年长儿更不典型,常易误诊。我院1981年2月～1985年2月共收治53例,其中39例误诊(73.6%),现分析如下。临床资料1.一般资料:年龄3日～3岁,新生儿11例,婴儿22例,幼儿20例。男33例,女20例。全年各月均有发病,以6～9月为高峰季节。2.临床表现:均有持续不规则发热,间有隔日加剧者14例,伴畏寒和出汗后发热缓解者6例。有呼吸道感染表现者30冽。恶心、非喷射性呕吐和腹泻23     

人血丙种球蛋白治疗传染性单核细胞增多症疗效观察

传染性单核细胞增多症 (IM)是由EB病毒感染引起的免疫异常性传染病 ,目前尚无特效疗法。我科 2 0 0 1年 1月～2 0 0 2年 12月共收治 6 9例IM患儿 ,应用大剂量人血丙种球蛋白 (IVIG)治疗 ,疗效显著 ,现总结报告如下。临床资料一、一般资料　IM患儿 6 9例 ,血清EBV IgM均阳性 ,周围血异常淋巴细胞计数均≥ 0 .1,均符合IM诊断标准[1] 。随机分为治疗组 (IVIG组 )和对照组 (病毒唑组 )。IVIG组35例 ,男 2 0例 ,女 15例 ;年龄 2～ 12个月 12例 ,～ 3岁 11例 ,～ 7岁 9例 ,>7岁 3例。以发热、肝脾大为主 2 3例 ;发热、颈淋巴结大、咽峡…     

急性阑尾炎62例

我科 1998～ 2 0 0 1年收治小儿急性阑尾炎 62例 ,现总结报告如下。资料与方法一、临床资料　本组 62例中男 42例 ,女 2 0例 ,年龄 <7岁 3 0例 ,～ 12岁 2 5例 ,～ 14岁 7例 ,年龄最小 1例为 2 6ｄ新生儿。年长儿多以发热、腹痛就诊 ,婴幼儿多以上呼吸道感染后发热、呕吐、腹泻、哭闹而就诊。 5 6例体温在 3 8℃以上。 48例伴恶心、呕吐 ,2 0例伴腹泻 ,1例新生儿表现为发热、呕吐、拒乳。 46例表现为全腹压痛、反跳痛、腹肌紧张 ;10例表现为右下腹局限性压痛、反跳痛。 2岁内 6例出现明显腹胀 ,肠鸣音消失 ,经剖腹探查确诊。血白细胞计数 >1…     

青少年有较强的独立上学能力：应用2010年至2017年西班牙青年横断面数据进行的二次分析

目的描述并分析2010年至2017年西班牙6～18岁青少年的年龄和性别与独立上学能力(IM)之间的关系。此外, 也研究了2010年至2017年不同性别和年龄的IM变化率。方法这是从11项西班牙研究中获取的横断面数据。该研究样本包括3 460例儿童和1 523例青少年。采用Logistic回归模型(含有性别和年龄因素的IM)和多层逻辑回归模型(含有各时间段因素的IM)的方法进行分析。结果儿童中男童IM的OR值较女童高(OR:1.86, CI:1.50～2.28, P<0.01), 青少年较儿童有更高的IM(均P<0.05):12～14岁(OR:6.30;CI:1.65～23.97)和14～16岁(OR:7.33;CI:1.18～45.39)的男童较6～8岁的男童有更高的IM。此外, 12～14岁(OR:4.23;CI:1.01～17.81)女童的IM比6～8岁的女童高(P<0.001)。IM与时间段没有相关性。结论男童和青少年的IM较高, 强调对提升女童和儿童IM的策略是必要的, 重要的是这些策略的实施需要来自研究者、公共卫生工作者和家庭的支持, 以实现积极的目标。     

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2004年1月至2005年12月于我院就诊的特应性皮炎(AD)患儿76例,符合康氏修订的AD诊断标准(1986)[1]。男42例,女34例;年龄2.5～14岁。病程1个月至12.5年。其中年幼儿(3～6岁)22例,年长儿(～14岁)54例。正常对照组儿童20例,男11例,女9例;年龄3～13岁,无过敏性疾患及遗传史。所有病例2周内未使用糖皮质激素和抗组胺药。试验方法:采用美国ASI公司生产的食物过敏原体外检测试剂盒(IVT702试剂盒)。患儿不需禁食,抽取静脉血2mL,保存2～8℃(1～4d),所有标本及检测试剂盒于检测前室温(18～30℃)30min,以防止温度变化而影响结果。取血清,按说明书操…     

青少年有较强的独立上学能力:应用2010年至2017年西班牙青年横断面数据进行的二次分析

目的描述并分析2010年至2017年西班牙6~18岁青少年的年龄和性别与独立上学能力(IM)之间的关系。此外, 也研究了2010年至2017年不同性别和年龄的IM变化率。方法这是从11项西班牙研究中获取的横断面数据。该研究样本包括3 460例儿童和1 523例青少年。采用Logistic回归模型(含有性别和年龄因素的IM)和多层逻辑回归模型(含有各时间段因素的IM)的方法进行分析。结果儿童中男童IM的OR值较女童高(OR:1.86, CI:1.50~2.28, P<0.01), 青少年较儿童有更高的IM(均P<0.05):12~14岁(OR:6.30;CI:1.65~23.97)和14~16岁(OR:7.33;CI:1.18~45.39)的男童较6~8岁的男童有更高的IM。此外, 12~14岁(OR:4.23;CI:1.01~17.81)女童的IM比6~8岁的女童高(P<0.001)。IM与时间段没有相关性。结论男童和青少年的IM较高, 强调对提升女童和儿童IM的策略是必要的, 重要的是这些策略的实施需要来自研究者、公共卫生工作者和家庭的支持, 以实现积极的目标。     

74例傣族儿童蚕豆病临床分析

目的　探讨我县傣族儿童蚕豆病在彝族、傣、汉三个主体民族中的发病率及临床特点。方法　回顾总结1 994年至2 0 0 3年临床诊断蚕豆病的74例住院傣族患儿的临床资料。结果　傣族儿童蚕豆病男女之比为1 3 8∶1 ,发病年龄以1～3岁为主,临床表现以重度和极重度溶血为多,发病率有明显民族差异性。结论　傣族儿童蚕豆病发病的相对彝、汉民族儿童高;对居住在中高疟区的傣族人群防治疟疾用药应注意筛查这部分G - 6-PD缺陷的儿童     

Epstein-Barr virus-associated infectious mononucleosis in Chinese children

BACKGROUND: According to seroprevalence studies the majority of children in Hong Kong are infected by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) before 10 years of age, but the characteristics of EBV-associated infectious mononucleosis (IM) in Chinese children are largely unreported. This study aims at defining the clinical presentation and complications of Chinese childhood IM in relation to age of the children. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 77 consecutive Chinese childhood IM patients who fulfilled the serologic criteria for the diagnosis of primary EBV infection (viral capsid antigen IgM+ viral capsid antigen IgG+ Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen-). The clinical, hematologic and biochemical findings were evaluated among four age groups of <2 years, 2 to 4 years, 5 to 9 years and 10 to 15 years. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: EBV-associated IM occurred at all age groups with a peak incidence at 2 to 4 years, corresponding to the rapid rise in the seroprevalence of EBV in early childhood in the Hong Kong Chinese. The majority of children presented with fever, tonsillopharyngitis, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly, similar to the adult IM patients, and recovered without major complications. Marked lymphocytosis with the presence of atypical lymphocytes was a consistent hematologic finding in all age groups. The occurrence of hepatitis showed a clear association with advancing age (P = 0.003). The age-related increase in IM-associated hepatitis may reflect difference in the host immune response against EBV between the infants and older children.     

不同入学年龄注意缺陷多动障碍儿童事件相关电位及行为学特征的比较

目的通过数学事件相关电位(ERP)、行为学测试及Conners父母问卷(PSQ)探讨入学年龄对注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童认知及行为的影响。方法 58例7~12岁ADHD儿童纳入研究,按照不同入学年龄分为大龄组和小龄组,每组各29例。大龄组为6岁6个月至6岁11个月入学,小龄组为6岁至6岁5个月入学。使用数学任务ERP检测两组ADHD患儿脑电活动差异,并比较其行为学测试结果。患儿父母填写PSQ问卷,比较两组PSQ量表各因子得分。结果 ERP检测显示大龄组错误答案任务P2波幅高于小龄组(10.9±5.0μv vs 8.5±3.6μv,P0.05);小龄组对错误答案反应时间短于大龄组(619±340 ms vs 870±418 ms,P0.05)。小龄组学习问题及冲动-多动PSQ量表因子分高于大龄组(P0.05)。结论入学年龄对ADHD儿童的认知与行为均有影响,入学年龄较小的ADHD儿童执行功能缺陷明显,尤其是错误察觉功能,导致冲动-多动行为及学习问题更突出。     

不同年龄段儿童Delta变异株感染所致新型冠状病毒感染的临床特征分析

目的 分析不同年龄段儿童Delta变异株感染所致新型冠状病毒感染患儿的临床特征,为儿童新型冠状病毒感染的临床诊疗提供参考。方法 将2021年11月17日—12月17日河南省定点救治医院收治的Delta变异株感染所致的新型冠状病毒感染患儿45例分为3组(<6岁组16例,6～13岁组16例,>13岁组13例),比较3组患儿的临床特征及实验室检查结果。结果 各年龄组均以轻型病例为主,均以咳嗽、咳痰为主要临床表现,发热仅在6～13岁组中出现。<6岁组血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶同工酶水平高于其他两组(P<0.05)。6～13岁组血肌酐水平升高患儿比例最高,达50%。仅>13岁组中4例患儿出现血清C反应蛋白增高。在3个年龄组中,6～13岁组外周血CD3⁺CD4⁺淋巴细胞、CD3⁺CD8⁺淋巴细胞及自然杀伤细胞计数均最低。>13岁组入院时SARS-CoV-2 IgG阳性率高于其他两组(P<0.05)。3组患儿胸部CT影像学表现差异无统计学意义(P>...     

Clinical course of immunoglobulin A nephropathy in children

The clinical presentation, initial laboratory and renal biopsy findings, and subsequent clinical course of IgA nephropathy were studied retrospectively in 200 children, and findings in those with younger onset and older onset were compared. Eighty-three patients were 8 years of age or younger (group 1) and 117 were 9 years of age or older (group 2) at onset. There were no differences between the two groups with regard to sex, initial renal function, incidence of hypertension and macroscopic hematuria, degree of proteinuria, and pathologic findings. At the latest follow-up, two patients in group 1 and eight in group 2 had chronic renal failure, and five patients in group 1 and 21 in group 2 had heavy proteinuria with or without hypertension (P less than 0.01), whereas 36 (43%) patients in group 1 and 29 (25%) in group 2 had normal urine, blood pressure, and glomerular filtration rate (P less than 0.01); the disease followed a significantly more benign course in children with younger onset than in those with older onset. These observations suggest some age-related differences in the natural history of childhood IgA nephropathy.     

Bacterial meningitis in older children

A review was performed of 25 cases of bacterial meningitis in previously healthy children aged 6 years or older during a 10-year period. The rate of infection in this age group relative to all cases of pediatric bacterial meningitis was 4%. Pathogens included Haemophilus influenzae type b in 10 cases (40%), Neisseria meningitidis in 9 cases (36%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 6 cases (24%). Physical findings revealed 21 patients (84%) with some degree of altered consciousness and 25 patients (100%) with nuchal rigidity. In all instances, the cerebrospinal fluid exhibited pleocytosis with a predominance of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Eleven patients (44%) were afebrile on presentation. Of 22 surviving patients, 10 (45%) were afebrile without subsequent fever after administration of the initial dose of antibiotics, in 5 (23%) fever resolved within 24 hours, and in 6 (27%) fever resolved within 48 hours of treatment; there was no instance of prolonged or secondary fever noted. Death occurred in 3 cases (12%). Bacterial meningitis is uncommon in older children. As compared with younger children, older children with bacterial meningitis commonly present without fever and tend to have their fever resolve shortly after effective antibiotic therapy is initiated without manifesting prolonged or secondary fever patterns. Haemophilus influenzae type b is a common cause of bacterial meningitis in children aged 6 years or older; empirical antibiotic therapy in this clinical situation should include treatment of this pathogen.     

Type A2 influenza viral infections in children

We retrospectively reviewed the manifestations of influenza A2 in 83 hospitalized young children. Our purpose was to define the spectrum of clinical illness in this age group. Findings included fever (91%), vomiting or diarrhea (49%), pharyngitis (34%), pneumonitis (29%), otitis media (24%), conjunctivitis (13%), croup (13%), and bronchiolitis (6%). Neuromuscular manifestations occurred in 16 patients (19%) and included seizures, apnea, opisthotonos, and myositis. Three children had cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. Children younger than 3 months of age had fever less often and gastrointestinal symptoms more often than older children. Threee children died of progressive pneumonitis. We conclude that influenza A2 may cause a wide range of respiratory and neurologic findings in infancy and early childhood.     

肺炎支原体致支气管肺炎和大叶性肺炎患儿的临床及实验室检查特征分析

目的分析和探讨肺炎支原体(MP)所致支气管肺炎和大叶性肺炎患儿的临床及实验室检查特征。方法选取于2006年1月—2010年12月住院的社区获得性MP肺炎患儿,根据肺部影像学检查将患儿分为MP-支气管肺炎组151例和MP-大叶性肺炎组89例,收集临床和实验室检查资料并加以分析。结果 MP-支气管肺炎患儿平均年龄为42.7个月,MP-大叶性肺炎患儿平均年龄为63.6个月,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。5岁以下患儿以支气管肺炎为多见,而5岁以上患儿以大叶性肺炎多见。MP-支气管肺炎患儿比MP-大叶性肺炎患儿容易出现喘息症状(13.2%对1.1%),而MP-大叶性肺炎患儿更易出现发热(95.5%对78.1%),且发热持续时间长(4 d对8 d),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MP-大叶性肺炎患儿伴有胸腔积液的比例高于MP-支气管肺炎患儿(9.0%对1.3%)。MP-大叶性肺炎患儿CD3+及CD8+T淋巴细胞的比例高于MP-支气管肺炎患儿,而CD4/CD8比值、CD3-CD19+及CD19+CD23+B淋巴细胞比例低于MP-支气管肺炎患儿,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。MP-大叶性肺炎患儿的IgA水平高于MP-支气管肺炎患儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而IgG和IgM的差异无统计学意义。结论 MP-支气管肺炎和MP-大叶性肺炎患儿具有各自的临床和实验室检查特征。MP感染后因不同年龄患儿机体的免疫状态不同,最终导致的疾病转归也不同。     

The pattern of self-poisoning among Lebanese children and adolescents in two tertiary care centres in Lebanon

Aim : Self-poisoning in childhood and adolescence is a major problem for health authorities all over the world. The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of self-poisoning in Lebanese children and adolescents.
Materials and methods: This prospective study included all cases of poisoning in individuals aged 0–18 years who presented to the emergency department of two major hospitals in Beirut, Lebanon over a period of 1 year. Participants were divided into two age groups (0–12 years and 12–18 years). These cases were followed to record the applied treatment and whether the patient was admitted or discharged.
Results: There were 110 self-poisoning incidents, of which 74 (67%) were in female patients. The predominant type of poisoning was with pharmaceutical products (68.2%). Accidental self-poisoning was significantly more common in the younger age group among both genders compared with the older age group (p < 0.0001). There were significantly more poisoned male children (72%) than male adolescents (28%) (p = 0.003); whereas among females, poisoned adolescents were significantly more common (64%) than poisoned children (36%) (p = 0.009). Moreover, poisoning with pharmaceuticals was significantly higher in the young male group compared to the older age group and older female group compared to the younger age group (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.01, respectively). In total, 78% of patients were discharged home following basic observation, charcoal or gastric lavage.
Conclusion: Female adolescents are more at risk of deliberate self-intoxication after the age of 12 years compared to males, whereas males younger than 12 years are more likely to suffer from accidental poisoning. Preventative strategies include screening adolescents at high risk of self-harm in order to offer adequate counselling, while providing anticipatory guidance for parents of children in the younger age group.     

Infectious mononucleosis as a disease of early childhood in Japan caused by primary Epstein-Barr virus infection

The present study investigated 54 pediatric patients with acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced infectious mononucleosis (IM) in Japan. Most of the acute cases clustered within the first 5 years of life, and the peak incidence was observed at around 4 years of age. These patients were arbitrarily separated into three age groups (less than 3 years, 3–5 years, and 6–14 years). Fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy and hepatomegaly were detected in more than 80% of all cases. Tonsillitis and splenomegaly were present in about 60% of cases. Skin manifestations and eyelids edema were less often detected in the older age group than in the younger age groups. In addition to an increase of total white blood cell and lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood, a significant increase in the percentage of CD3⁺ CD8⁺ HLA-DR⁺ T cells was always observed. Epstein-Barr virus seropositivity increased soon after birth and reached approximately 70% around 3 years of age. Close to 100% of the adult controls were EBV seropositive. The results suggest that EBV-induced acute IM is a disease of early childhood in Japan.