氟尿嘧啶缓释剂对人结直肠癌裸鼠促肿瘤凋亡的机制研究

目的观察氟尿嘧啶缓释剂植入对人结肠癌裸鼠移植瘤模型中生存素(survivin)及半胱氨酸天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶-3(caspase-3)基因蛋白表达水平的影响,探讨其作用的相关机制。方法用人结直肠癌LoVo细胞株建立BALB/c裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,并将其随机分为4组:PBS尾静脉注射组(A组)、5-FU尾静脉注射组(B组)、5-FU瘤内注射组(C组)、氟尿嘧啶缓释剂植入组(D组)。用药干预后,记录瘤重,计算抑瘤率,瘤体进行HE染色,免疫组化法检测sur-vivin及caspase-3表达水平。结果氟尿嘧啶缓释剂能够显著抑制移植瘤的生长,能显著提高caspase-3的表达[D组(72.88±4.52)与A组(6.75±1.67)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)],减少survivin的表达[D组(17.00±8.26)与A组(51.50±20.09)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)]。结论氟尿嘧啶缓释剂可能通过下调survivin的表达、上调caspase-3的表达来发挥其在细胞凋亡方面的抗肿瘤作用,其对肿瘤细胞的有效杀伤,可为临床大肠癌的治疗提供新思路。     

氟尿嘧啶缓释制剂抑制人结直肠癌裸鼠皮下种植瘤生长的机制研究

目的探讨氟尿嘧啶缓释制剂对人结直肠癌裸鼠皮下种植瘤生长的抑制作用,进一步验证氟尿嘧啶缓释制剂是一种有效抑制肿瘤生长,副作用少的新型化疗药。方法 24只裸鼠接种人结直肠癌细胞LOVO细胞株,建立裸鼠皮下种植瘤模型,随机分为PBS对照组、5-FU注射液化疗组和缓释剂植入组,每组8只,记录三组裸鼠肿瘤大小,绘制肿瘤生长曲线,比较各组种植瘤生长情况,并HE染色观察各组肿瘤组织病理学改变,免疫组化法检测Bcl-2/Bax蛋白水平表达的变化。结果裸鼠皮下接种肿瘤细胞7d后成功致瘤。用药后肿瘤生长曲线及第30天肿瘤体积大小:PBS对照组为(3240+187)mm3、5-FU注射液化疗组为(1568+86)mm3、缓释剂植入组为(600+38)mm3,三组比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。HE染色:缓释剂植入组相比其他组肿瘤细胞异性型明显,恶性程度明显,腺管状结构不明显,小区肿瘤细胞有凋亡明显,仅有少量坏死,肿瘤组织边界清晰,未见侵袭脂肪及肌层组织。5-FU注射液化疗组、缓释剂植入组Bcl-2蛋白表达均低于PBS对照组,Bax表达均高于PBS对照组;其中5-FU注射液化疗组Bcl-2低于缓释组,Bax高于缓释组。结论氟尿嘧啶缓释制剂对人结直肠癌裸鼠皮下种植瘤有较好的抑瘤作用,作用机制很可能通过介导下调Bcl-2和上调Bax的表达。     

选择性区域灌注化疗联合氟尿嘧啶缓释剂区域植入对晚期结直肠癌患者术后预后的影响

目的 评价动脉置泵灌注化疗联合氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)缓释剂区域植入对晚期结直肠癌术后患者的疗效,探讨该疗法对预后的影响.方法 根据入选标准共选取168例结直肠癌患者,随机分为4组:A组(术中置泵+5-FU缓释剂区域植入)、B组(术中单纯置泵)、C组(术中单纯5-FU缓释剂区域植入)、D组(单纯手术治疗).4组患者在性别、年龄、肿瘤位置、TNM分期、肿瘤组织学分级、术式选择上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).根据分组情况,术中放置化疗泵和5-FU缓释剂,术后患者胃肠功能恢复后,均行全身静脉化疗,采用mFOLFOX6方案,出院后各组患者定期复查及随访,持续5年.了解患者1、3、5年生存率.结果 A组与B组、C组、D组在1年生存率方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),3、5年生存率比较,A组较其他组高(P<0.05).结论 动脉置泵灌注化疗联合5-FU缓释剂区域植入对晚期结直肠癌患者术后疗效确切,长期安全可靠,可显著提高患者长期生存率.     

选择性环氧化酶-2抑制剂塞来昔布抑制肿瘤生长的裸小鼠体内实验研究

目的:观察选择性环氧化酶-2抑制剂塞来昔布对裸鼠胃癌移植瘤生长的抑制作用并探讨其抗肿瘤机制。方法:36只BALB/c裸小鼠随机分为A、B、C、D组,A组为对照组9只每天给予阿拉伯树胶溶液灌胃,B组9只每天给予塞来昔布15 mg/(kg.d)灌胃、C组9只给予塞来昔布30 mg(/kg.d)灌胃、D组9只给予塞来昔布60 mg(/kg.d)灌胃,3周后均建立裸鼠移植瘤模型,继续灌胃给药4周后实验结束;免疫组化检测移植瘤Ki-67、Bcl-2的表达。结果:塞来昔布具有抑制移植瘤生长的作用,B、C、D 3组移植瘤体积从建模后第7天即明显小于A组(P<0.001);组内比较发现,植瘤后第14天,B、C、D 3组移植瘤体积有差异(B∶C,P<0.01,B∶D,P<0.001,C∶D,P<0.01),D组较B组、C组更明显抑制移植瘤生长(D∶B,P<0.001,D∶C,P<0.01),这种抑制作用从实验第7天开始持续到本次实验结束。A组与B组比较,Ki-67蛋白表达无差异(P>0.05),然而A组与C组、D组比较,Ki-67蛋白表达有差异(P<0.01);B、C、D组内比较,Ki67蛋白表达有差异(B∶C,P<0.05,B∶D,P<0.001,C∶D,P<0.01),表现为D组较B组、C组更能抑制Ki-67表达(D∶B,P<0.001,D∶C,P<0.01)。B、C、D 3组与A组比较,Bcl-2表达有差异(P<0.001),然而Bcl-2表达在组内比较无差异(P>0.05),表现为塞来昔布可以抑制Bcl-2蛋白表达。结论:塞来昔布可以抑制裸鼠移植瘤的生长,有显著抗胃癌效应,塞来昔布抑制肿瘤生长的机制可能通过抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、增加肿瘤细胞凋亡途径实现。     

央芪汤流浸膏敷贴制剂对胃癌动物模型的干预作用研究

目的:通过将央芪汤制作成流浸膏制剂,检测央芪汤流浸膏制剂对胃癌动物模型中瘤体的抑制作用。方法:将人胃癌SGC-7901细胞悬液皮下接种于裸鼠背部皮下,当接种部位肿瘤长至最大径4~5mm时,将裸鼠随机分为四组(10只/组):A组(央芪汤敷贴剂);B组(氟尿嘧啶注射液);C组(央芪汤敷贴剂+氟尿嘧啶注射液);D组(生理盐水对照组)。给药期间观察裸鼠的一般情况及移植瘤的生长状况,连续用药24d,并继续观察4d后,颈椎脱位处死裸鼠,采用链霉素抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶法检测bcl-2及caspase-3蛋白。结果:央芪汤流浸膏可明显提高胃癌细胞株SGC-7901在裸鼠皮下移植瘤的caspase-3蛋白表达,显著抑制SGC-7901在裸鼠皮下移植瘤抗凋亡蛋白bcl-2的表达。结论:央芪汤流浸膏可以明显增加荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤细胞凋亡,有明显差异,表明央芪汤流浸膏可以通过促进胃癌细胞的凋亡达到抗肿瘤的目的。     

氟尿嘧啶缓释剂对裸鼠子宫内膜癌的治疗及对非编码RNA MEG3和自噬的调控

目的观察氟尿嘧啶缓释剂植入对子宫内膜癌裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响及其对非编码RNA母系表达基因3(LncRNA MEG3)和自噬的调控。方法用人子宫内膜癌RL-95-2细胞株建立裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,分为三组:对照组不作处理;注射组通过尾静脉注射氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu),剂量为4 mg/kg;植入组瘤体内植入缓释剂,剂量为4 mg/kg。记录瘤体体积、瘤重,计算各组抑瘤率;HE染色观察瘤体形态学;qPCR和蛋白印迹分别检测基因和蛋白表达。结果与对照组相比,注射组和植入组瘤体体积和瘤体体重均减少(P0.05);与注射组相比,植入组瘤体体积和瘤体体重均减少(P0.05)。注射组抑瘤率为15.91%,植入组抑瘤率为34.47%。HE染色显示植入组坏死区域大于注射组。相对于对照组,注射组(t=3.328,P=0.004 3)和植入组(t=5.367,P=0.000 0)LC3-Ⅰ的表达降低,且植入组LC3-Ⅰ的表达低于注射组(t=2.400,P=0.000 8),差异均有统计学意义。相对于对照组,注射组(t=4.178,P=0.000 7)和植入组(t=6.764,P=0.000 0)LC3-Ⅱ的表达升高,且植入组LC3-Ⅱ的表达高于注射组(t=2.683,P=0.016 3),差异均有统计学意义。植入组瘤体LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值明显大于注射组,差异有统计学意义(t=5.571,P=0.000 0)。注射组和植入组LncRNA MEG3和LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值呈正相关(r=0.858 1、0.713 5,P均0.05)。结论氟尿嘧啶缓释剂对裸鼠子宫内膜癌的抑制效果好于静脉注射给药,其机制可能是通过LncRNA MEG3正性调控激活细胞自噬从而抑制肿瘤。     

槲皮素与顺铂对人膀胱癌裸鼠移植瘤抑瘤作用的研究

目的 观察槲皮素（Quercetin）与顺铂(Cisplatin, DDP)联用对膀胱癌 BIU-87 细胞的BALB/ c 裸鼠移植瘤生长的抑制作用,检测移植瘤中 Bcl-2, Caspase-3 和 PCNA 的表达水平及肿瘤细胞凋亡指数,探讨其作用机制。方法 建立膀胱癌细胞株BIU-87裸鼠移植瘤模型并随机分成4组：对照组（A组）、顺铂组（B组）、槲皮素组（C组）、槲皮素+ 顺铂组（D组）。治疗间观察移植瘤体积和裸鼠体重的变化,第15天后将移植瘤完整取出,称瘤重,计算抑瘤率,并用免疫组织化学技术检测各组移植瘤组织中Bcl-2, Caspase-3 和 PCNA 的表达,原位凋亡TUNEL法检测肿瘤细胞凋亡指数。结果 B 、C、 D各用药组肿瘤的生长受到明显抑制,瘤体质量明显低于A组,其抑瘤率分别为46.10 %、 39.17 %、 64.09 %, 联合用药组抗瘤作用进一步增强。Bcl-2和PCNA的表达在A组高于 B、C、D 组,Caspase-3 表达在A组明显低于 B、 C、 D 组,各用药组与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义( P < 0. 05);肿瘤细胞的凋亡指数在各用药组都比对照组明显提高,差异有统计学意义( P < 0. 05)。结论 槲皮素和顺铂均可明显抑制膀胱癌细胞在小鼠体内的生长作用,两药联合应用的抑瘤效果优于两药单用。其作用机制可能是通过调控肿瘤中 Bcl-2和 Caspase-3 的表达,也可能通过调节 PCNA 的表达,从而抑制细胞增殖和促进细胞凋亡。     

1,25二羟基维生素D_3联合5-氟尿嘧啶对人食管癌Eca-109细胞移植瘤的影响

目的探讨1,25二羟基维生素D3、5-氟尿嘧啶单独或联合作用对人食管癌Eca-109细胞裸鼠移植瘤胰岛素生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)的影响。方法体外培养人食管癌Eca-109细胞,BALB/c裸小鼠皮下接种荷瘤后随机分为对照组(A)、1,25二羟基维生素D3组(B)、5-氟尿嘧啶组(C)、联合用药组(D),2.5μg/kg 1,25二羟基维生素D3、25 mg/kg 5-氟尿嘧啶单独或联合腹腔注射,对照组用等体积生理盐水腹腔注射,观察瘤体生长情况,运用免疫组织化学方法检测移植瘤组织中IGFBP-3蛋白表达,全自动生化分析仪检测血清钙离子水平、Von kossa染色观察肾脏钙沉积情况。结果与A组比较,B、C、D组移植瘤生长缓慢,体积较小,IGFBP-3阳性蛋白染色较深,且表达量较多(P0.05);而D组较B、C组移植瘤IGFBP-3蛋白表达显著升高(P0.05)。B、C、D组血清钙离子水平较A组稍有升高,但肾脏组织切片Von kossa染色未见钙沉积。结论 1,25二羟基维生素D3、5-氟尿嘧啶均能抑制移植瘤生长,且联合用药效果更为显著,可能与上调移植瘤组织IGFBP-3蛋白表达有关。肾脏Von kossa染色未见钙沉积。     

PLGA-5-氟尿嘧啶缓释微球治疗结直肠癌裸鼠的探讨

目的 研究PLGA-5-氟尿嘧啶缓释微球瘤周给药对结直肠癌移植瘤的治疗效果.方法 将60只结直肠癌荷瘤鼠随机分为6组,每组10只.A、B组瘤周注射PLGA-5-氟尿嘧啶缓释微球,5-氟尿嘧啶剂量分别为200 mg/kg和100 mg/kg;C、D组瘤周注射5-氟尿嘧啶注射液,5-氟尿嘧啶剂量分别为200 mg/kg和100 mg/kg;E组瘤周注射PLGA微球,800 mg/kg;F组不给予任何治疗.于0、3、6、9、12、15d观察裸鼠生存状况、称体重、测量肿瘤大小.15d时处死动物,称瘤重,计算抑瘤率,绘制肿瘤生长曲线;取血行白细胞计数、肝肾功能检查.结果 A、B组肿瘤生长曲线平缓,15 d时A、B组肿瘤体积与C、D、E、F组比较,结果 差异有显著性,C、D组肿瘤体积与E、F组比较差异无显著性;A、B组抑瘤率分别为75%和62%,与C、D组比较,结果 差异有显著性;A、B、C、D、E组体重在0 d及15 d与F组比较,差异无显著性,15 d时各组白细胞计数及肝肾功能检查值均在正常范围.结论 PLGA-5-氟尿嘧啶缓释微球瘤周给药能有效抑制结直肠癌移植瘤的生长,且无明显的毒副作用.     

5-氟尿嘧啶缓释剂瘤内植入治疗胰腺癌的实验研究和临床研究(英文)

目的纲察5-氟尿嘧(5-FU)缓释剂对荷胰腺癌裸鼠肿瘤细胞及胰腺癌患者血清肿瘤标记物和细胞免疫的影响。方法(1)5-FU缓释剂的体外释放实验和体外抑瘤实验。(2)将荷胰腺癌细胞株PC3裸鼠60只,姑且机分成静脉对照组(A组)、5-Fu缓释剂植组(E组)治疗前、后14D测肿瘤大小。治疗2周后观察肿瘤组织学变化。免疫组化法测定bcl-2和Bax的蛋白表达水平;TUNEL法检测凋亡指数(AI)。(3)手术探查不能切除之胰腺癌69例随机分成3组。将5-FU缓释剂瘤内植入治疗组、术后行5-FU静脉化疗组和对照组。分别于术前1d和术后第14天采血,测定各组血清中NK细胞,T细胞亚群和CEA,CA50 ,CA19-9 ,CA242血清肿瘤记物水平。结果5 mg 5-FU缓释剂第1天释放量最大,为0 .85 mg,第3天为0 .45 mg,其后在0 .25 mg水平维持稳定的缓慢释放;释放时间长达14d以上。5-FU缓释剂第1天的浸出液对人胰腺癌细胞株PC-3的抑制率达60 .27 %,第3天为34 .25 %,以后稳定在25 %左右。5-FU缓释剂瘤内注谢治疗组裸鼠移植瘤生长速度减慢,bcl-2ad基因表达明显低于其他各组,而Bax基因表达明显高于其他各组,肿瘤细胞的AI明显高于其他各组。D组和E组肿瘤组织中炎症反应和血管内膜增厚程度明显高于其他各组。术后治疗组CD4+/CD8+和NK细胞水平高于静脉5-FU化疗组,而血清中上述5种肿瘤标记物低于对照组和静脉化疗组。结论5-FU缓释剂能在2周内在体外较稳定地特续释放,对人胰腺癌细胞株PC-3有持续抑制作用。该剂瘤内注射可明显抑制荷胰腺癌瘤裸鼠瘤体的生长,其作用机与药物在肿瘤组织中引起的炎症反应和血管内膜增厚等因素有关;并可能与诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡有关。该剂植入胰腺癌实体内,能明显降低5种血清肿瘤标记物水平,同时对患者的细胞免疫功能影响较小,5-FU缓释剂可望成为治疗不能切除之胰腺癌的较好的制剂。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.