血清降钙素原测定在儿科感染性疾病诊断中的应用

目的 探讨血清降钙素原(PCT) 在儿科细菌感染性疾病诊断中的应用价值.方法 采用半定量固相免疫测定法测定106例儿科感染性疾病患者血清PCT水平,并与C-反应蛋白(CRP) 及外周血白细胞(WBC)计数比较,分析各指标在细菌及病毒感染中的差异.结果 以血清PCT≥0.5 ng/ml为阳性阈值,细菌感染组PCT阳性率为81.0%,病毒感染组为18.6%,两组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01).PCT对细菌感染诊断敏感性达80.9%,特异性为81.4%,阳性预测值86.4%、阴性预测值74.5%,敏感性明显优于CRP或WBC计数(P＜0.01).结论 血清PCT可作为细菌感染的敏感、有效诊断指标,对鉴别儿科细菌感染与病毒感染具有重要参考价值.     

血清降钙素原对老年人感染性疾病的诊断价值

目的 评价血清降钙素原(PCT)对老年人感染性疾病的诊断价值.方法收集在武汉大学人民医院诊治的老年患者的血清标本,行降钙素原检测,并与微生物培养结果进行比较分析.结果 感染组PCT浓度为(4.48±13.09)ng/ml,高于非感染组(0.07±0.02)ng/ml(t=5.31,P＜0.05).细菌感染组、真菌感染组、混合感染组PCT浓度分别为(9.97±21.65)ng/ml,(5.92±8.82)ng/ml,(14.13±21.41)ng/ml,三组间PCT浓度差异无统计学意义(t=1.08,P=0.284;t=-0.80,P=0.425;t=-2.14,P=0.064),若以血清PCT≥0.115 ng/ml为诊断感染的阳性临界值,其敏感度、特异度分别为77.80％,93.80％.结论 血清PCT检测敏感度高于培养,对老年感染患者具有重要的早期、快速诊断价值.     

降钙素原在感染性发热诊断中的意义

目的分析感染性发热患者中细菌感染和病毒感染血清降钙素原(PCT)水平的差别,探讨血清PCT在感染性发热诊断中的意义。方法采用半定量固相免疫测定法测定48例细菌感染性发热患者、40例病毒感染性发热患者以及30例健康对照组血清中的PCT,将检测结果分成4个水平,PCT<0.5 ng/mL,0.5 ng/mL≤PCT<2.0 ng/mL,2.0 ng/mL≤PCT<10.0 ng/mL和PCT≥10.0 ng/mL,分析PCT水平与细菌病毒感染之间的关系。以PCT≥0.5 ng/mL为阳性诊断标准。结果细菌感染组患者血清PCT水平高于病毒感染组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P≤0.05),病毒感染组与对照组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论检测PCT能有效地鉴别细菌性和非细菌性感染性发热,有利于早期正确治疗。     

血清降钙素原检测在感染性疾病中的临床应用

目的：探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)检测在感染性疾病中的临床应用价值。方法用荧光免疫定量测定法对临床322例感染性疾病患者进行血清PCT检测,并比较其在细菌与病毒感染中的差异。结果所有患者中PCT值＜0.5ng／ml 143例(44.4％);血清PCT在细菌感染组中的阳性率(86.8％)高于病毒感染组(5.93％),二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。 PCT对细菌感染的灵敏度为86.8％,特异度为93.6％,阳性预测值为95.5％,阴性预测值为81.8％,诊断符合率为89.4％。结论血清PCT可用于病毒与细菌感染间鉴别诊断,亦是细菌性感染的较灵敏、特异指标。并且动态监测血清PCT对疾病感染的严重程度、预后判断及指导临床用药具有重大意义。     

儿童感染性疾病中降钙素原、超敏C-反应蛋白和白细胞联合检测的价值及相关性研究

目的 探讨儿童感染性疾病中降钙素原（PCT）、超敏C-反应蛋白（Hs-CRP）、白细胞计数（WBC）的变化及其临床意义.方法 选取2011年7月-2013年12月期间住院的122例患儿（细菌性感染67例,病毒性感染55例）,检测所有患儿PCT,hs-CRP和WBC的浓度水平,并在细菌感染组、病毒感染组、对照组进行分析比较.结果 ①治疗前细菌感染组PCT,hs-CRP和WBC分别为7.26±2.24 ng/ml,15.45±8.37 mg/L和（13.57±2.39）×109/L;病毒感染组分别为0.91±0.56 ng/ml,5.27±3.85 mg/L和（9.79±3.65）×109/L;对照组分别为0.76±0.45 ng/ml,2.45±1.35 mg/L和（6.77±2.35）×109/L;治疗后细菌感染组分别为1.15±0.86 ng/ml,6.21±3.57 mg/L和（9.35±4.56）×109/L;病毒感染组分别为0.64±0.48 ng/ml,3.68±2.94 mg/L和（8.48±4.73）×109/L.治疗前三组间PCT,hs-CRP和WBC差异均有统计学意义（F=12.34-16.56,P均＜0.01）,细菌感染组PCT与hs-CRP,WBC差异均有统计学意义（t=4.43,5.83,P均＜0.01）.细菌感染组PCT,hs-CRP,WBC治疗前后相比差异均有统计学意义（t=3.34-7.23,P均＜0.01）,但病毒感染组治疗后PCT,hs-CRP,WBC较治疗前有所下降,但差异均无统计学意义（t=2.57-4.21,P均＞0.05）.②在细菌感染组中PCT,hs-CRP和WBC阳性率之间差异有统计学意义（f=8.81,P＜0.05）,局部与严重细菌感染组中PCT阳性率的差异有统计学意义（χ^2=5.91,P＜0.05）;hs-CRP,WBC阳性率在两组间差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0.86,0.85,P均＞0.05）,且局部细菌感染组中PCT,hs-CRP,WBC阳性率之间差异有统计学意义（χ^2=2.45,P＞0.05）,严重细菌感染组PCT,hs-CRP和WBC阳性率之间差异均有统计学显著性意义（χ^2=8.57,P＜0.05）,且PCT与hs-CRP,WBC的阳性率之间差异均有统计学显著性意义（χ^2=5.37,9.00,P＜0.05,0.01）.③对于诊断细菌感染以0.5 ng/ml为临界值,PCT的灵敏度为92.5％,特异度为80.6％,阳性预测值为81.5％,阴性预测值为92.6％;以2 ng/ml为临界值,灵敏度为55.2?     

血清PCT、CRP水平检测在细菌感染诊断中的应用价值分析

目的探究血清降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平测定在细菌感染诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2019年4月至2021年4月我院收治的90例感染性疾病患者的临床资料,所有患者均经细菌培养等明确病情,其中细菌感染组48例、病毒感染组42例。另选择同期于我院行健康体检的40例志愿者入对照组。采集所有静脉血,离心处理后测定血清PCT及CRP含量。对比各组血清PCT及CRP水平、分析细菌感染组患者血清PCT及CRP水平与感染细菌间的关系,将血清PCT>0.5 ng/ml,CRP>10 mg/L作为判断细菌感染的阳性标准,分析血清PCT及CRP在细菌感染中的诊断价值。结果局部感染组血清PCT、CRP水平分别为(1.76±0.88)ng/ml、(23.89±9.64)mg/L、病毒感染组PCT、CRP水平分别为(0.32±0.10)ng/ml、(5.62±1.21)mg/L,对照组血清PCT、CRP水平分别为(0.27±0.08)ng/ml、(5.50±0.86)mg/L,均低于重症感染组患者的(11.58±4.39)ng/ml、(49.28±10.37)mg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。48例细菌感染患者中,明确革兰氏阳性菌感染患者26例,革兰氏阴性菌感染22例,革兰氏阳性菌感染组血清PCT、CRP水平分别为(9.68±3.46)ng/ml、(51.28±12.34)mg/L,革兰氏阴性菌感染组血清PCT、CRP水平为(10.38±3.59)ng/ml、(51.34±12.50)mg/L,两种感染类型比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。联合诊断AUC为0.923,提示诊断效能性能较高,其次为PCT、CRP,AUC分别为0.896、0.736,均具有一定的诊断性。结论在细菌感染诊断中,应用血清PCT联合CRP检测具有较高的临床应用价值,诊断效能较高,可为临床诊疗提供可靠的参考依据,并可指导临床合理对症治疗,值得推广应用。     

外周血降钙素原在细菌感染与病毒感染中诊断阈值的初探

目的 探讨不同病因发热患者血清降钙素原（PCT）的诊断截断值（cut-off value）.方法 回顾性分析2006年4月至2012年10月以“发热待查”收治,年龄16岁以上,检测PCT前2d内未用过抗生素且最终病因明确的细菌或病毒感染住院病例,应用法国生物梅里埃公司miniVIDAS免疫分析仪及配套试剂采用酶联荧光分析技术检测患者血清PCT水平,应用ROC曲线判断细菌感染和病毒感染患者PCT水平的最佳cut-off值.结果 符合入选标准共150例,其中病毒感染性发热104例和细菌感染性发热46例;对细菌感染性发热和病毒感染性发热患者确立的PCT最佳cut-off值为0.5750 ng/ml,AUC为0.844,其敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和总预测准确率分别为67.4％、97.1％、85.71％、87.07％和79.33％;对全身性细菌感染与局部细菌感染患者确立的PCT最佳cut-off值为2.1450 ng/ml,其AUC为0.739,其敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和总预测准确率分别为76.9％、69.7％、50％、88.46％和71.74％.结论 血清PCT检测对诊断细菌感染性发热及全身性细菌感染具有较好诊断价值,分别以0.5750 ng/ml及2.1450 ng/ml作为cut-off值具有较好的敏感性和特异性,可提高发热患者的鉴别诊断效率.     

血清降钙素原测定在诊断下呼吸道感染中的应用

目的 探讨血清降钙素原（PCT）测定在诊断下呼吸道感染中的临床意义.方法 回顾性分析2009年3月至2011年10月符合入选标准的83例下呼吸道感染患者的临床资料,其中细菌感染39例,病毒感染24例,支原体感染20例,对其检测的白细胞计数、PCT、C-反应蛋白进行观察.结果 细菌感染组PCT（1.20±0.04）ng/ml、病毒感染组（0.15±0.05）ng/ml、支原体感染组（0.16±0.06）ng/ml,三组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 血清降钙素原血清水平对下呼吸道感染中细菌感染的诊断有着显著的指导意义,特异性高、灵敏度良好、便于检测,可以作为临床上对感染进行鉴别诊断重要依据和指标.     

降钙素原测定在感染性疾病中的临床意义

目的　评价血清降钙素原 (PCT)对细菌感染诊断的临床价值。方法　回顾分析细菌感染和病毒感染患者血清降钙素原水平。结果　病毒感染者与轻症或局限性细菌感染患者血清降钙素原 <0 .5ng/ml,中度细菌性感染患者 >0 .5ng/ml,重症细菌性感染患者 >2 .0ng/ml,重度脓毒症或感染性休克患者 >10 .0ng/ml。病毒感染组和轻症或局限性细菌感染组与中度以上细菌性感染组PCT有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。PCT对细菌感染诊断的敏感性为 93 .3 3 % ,特异性为 95 .0 0 %。结论　血清降钙素原可以作为细菌感染诊断的有效指标之一。     

降钙素原对感染性疾病诊断的临床意义

目的：探讨在感染性疾病中血清降钙素原(PCT)水平检测的临床应用价值。方法选取2013年6月至2014年6月该院收治的初诊感染患者198例,根据血培养和真菌感染组织培养结果将其分为病毒感染组(67例)、细菌感染组(111例)及真菌感染组(20例),检测其血清 PCT 水平并进行统计分析。结果以 PCT ≥0.5 ng/mL 为阳性阈值,细菌感染组阳性率为69.37%,病毒感染组阳性率为8.96%,真菌感染组阳性率为5.00%,3组 PCT 阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。病毒感染组和真菌感染组 PCT 浓度分布与细菌感染组比较差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论血清 PCT 检测可用于细菌性感染的诊断和鉴别诊断,方法简便、可靠,且对预后具有临床指导意义,值得临床推广应用。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.