胰十二指肠切除术15例手术改进的体会

目的：探讨改进胰十二指肠切除术（PD），预防术后并发症，提高手术疗效的方法。方法：采用保留幽门、胰管空肠黏膜吻合、胰肠遮盖套入式端端吻合，胰管支撑外引流等术式、观察其疗效。结果：全组未发生胰瘘及胰断面出血。保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术（PPPD）组有1例术后发生胃潴留，其余胃功能正常。结论：PPPD只要操作得法，可避免术后胃潴留，胰腺遮盖套入式端端吻合操作简便，可有效防止术后胰瘘、胰断面出血等并发症。     

胰管肠黏膜吻合在胰十二指肠切除术中的临床应用

目的 对胰管肠黏膜吻合在胰十二指肠切除术中的临床应用进行探讨.方法 对2008年4月至2011年10月间在我院行胰十二指肠切除术手术的66例病例进行临床分析.66例病例术中均采用残胰胰管肠黏膜吻合方法,即包盖于残胰端的空肠只打开浆肌层而显露出黏膜层,后将露出黏膜层的空肠与残胰进行端侧吻合.结果 66例患者术后恢复良好,4例发生胰瘘,1例患者术后因胰十二指肠动脉断端出血行二次手术,全部病例术后均顺利恢复出院.结论 在复杂的胰十二指肠手术中胰肠吻合方式的选择尤为重要,尤其是对胰腺质地较软,主胰管不扩张的胰腺通过胰管肠黏膜吻合可以大大减少胰漏的发生率.除吻合方法较为简单外,更重要的是保持了覆盖于残胰腺的空肠壁完整性,胰腺断面与肠壁之间紧贴使吻合面无积液存在而迅速紧密贴合,可降低或避免胰瘘的发生.     

胰十二指肠切除胰腺空肠端侧吻合156例分析

目的:探讨胰十二指肠切除术中胰腺空肠端侧吻合技术。方法:回顾性分析山东大学齐鲁医院肝胆外科2004年3月—2012年6月156例胰十二指肠切除术行胰腺空肠端侧吻合患者的临床资料。根据胰腺的质地、厚度、胰管直径、胰管后壁胰腺组织的厚度、有无炎症,结合空肠的直径、空肠壁的厚度选择胰管-空肠黏膜-黏膜吻合、端侧套入式吻合等不同的吻合方式。结果:术中胰肠重新吻合8例。术后胰瘘3例、胆瘘2例、死亡2例。结论:胰十二指肠切除术中胰腺空肠吻合应根据患者的胰腺和空肠情况进行个体化选择。     

胰肠套入吻合缝线贯穿胰管预防术后胰瘘

目的探讨胰肠套入吻合时缝线贯穿胰管能否减少胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的发生。方法将36例行胰十二指肠切除术患者随机分为两组,胰肠吻合套入组(实验组),采用缝线经胰腺全层贯穿胰管方法,对照组缝线只穿过胰腺浆膜层及部分胰腺实质,没有贯穿胰管,比较两组胰瘘的发生率。结果两组在手术时间及术中失血量方面差异无统计学意义,实验组2例发生胰瘘(11.1%),显著低于对照组(7例胰瘘,38.9%)。结论胰肠套入吻合时缝线贯穿胰管方法简单易行,而且安全,在不增加手术时间和术中失血量的情况下,能减少术后胰瘘发生率,是胰十二指肠切除术中很好的胰肠吻合方法。外科医生应该根据实际情况,选用最熟悉的方式进行胰肠吻合,有利于减少胰十二指肠切除术后并发症的发生。     

胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎手术治疗体会

目的探讨胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析1999年1月至2013年12月间经手术治疗的18例胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎患者的临床资料。其中4例合并胰管结石,5例合并胰腺囊肿。10例行胰十二指肠切除术,5例行胰管空肠Roux-Y吻合术,2例行胰腺囊肿空肠Roux-Y吻合术,1例行胆总管空肠Roux-Y吻合术,其中1例同时行胰肠吻合和胃空肠吻合术。比较不同术式对腹部疼痛的缓解率。结果 17例完成手术,1例损伤肠系膜上静脉大出血术中死亡。术后出现胸腔积液2例,切口裂开1例。获随访13例,其中行胰十二指肠切除术8例(61.5%),疼痛完全消失;胰肠或胆肠吻合4例(30.8%),疼痛部分缓解;胰肠吻合和胃肠吻合1例(7.7%),疼痛无缓解,反复住院治疗未痊愈。结论外科手术是胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的有效治疗方式,胰十二指肠切除术效果显著。     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰管支撑管致空肠穿孔1例

胰十二指肠切除术(PD)是治疗胰腺、壶腹、十二指肠等良、恶性肿瘤的经典术式。胰瘘是PD后最常见和最严重的并发症。为预防术后胰瘘,术中常在胰肠吻合口放置胰管支撑管。近年来对胰管支撑管带来的相关并发症报道越来越多。本文报道1例胰腺囊腺瘤患者PD后4年发生空肠穿孔,并总结该病例的临床特点和诊治经验,为PD手术放置胰管支撑管的...     

胰管半环式空肠后壁粘膜固定术在胰十二指肠切除中预防胰瘘的应用

我院自1985年3月至1990年10月间共收治因患壶腹周围癌行胰十二指肠切除术16例,为预防术后并发胰瘘该全组病例均采用了由作者设计的胰管半环式空肠后壁粘膜固定术,术后无一例发生胰瘘,现将手术方法介绍如下: 本组16例,当完成胰十二指扬切除术的常规探查步骤后,在切断胰颈部时,将主胰管游离出1～1.5cm,用盐水纱布保护胰腺断     

胰十二指肠切除术中的改良式胰胃吻合术

在传统的胰十二指肠切除术中,胰空肠吻合可引起胰漏和吻合口裂开,导致严重并发症的发生,作者介绍一种不作胃切开的胃胰吻合术,切除胰头后,将一聚乙烯导管插入胰管,用一3—0吸收性缝线固定,保证导管通畅,导管长65cm,直径4～10.5F。胰腺残端近侧游离2cm,与胃后壁作端侧缝合。先在胰腺切端后缘与胃后壁用3-0丝线作一排间断缝合,在该处切除1×2cm一块胃浆肌层,通过连接在导     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰胃吻合术的临床观察

目的总结胰十二指肠切除术后胰胃吻合术的临床应用经验。方法回顾性分析本院2007年5月至2010年12月间接受胰十二指肠切除术后胰胃吻合术16例患者的临床资料。全组患者接受将胰腺残端套入胃后壁方式吻合,采用术后检测引流液淀粉酶浓度方法诊断是否出现胰瘘。结果16例患者手术均顺利完成,平均手术时间（361．1±82．4）min,术中平均输血量（702．5±517．8）ml;术后住院时间平均（19．5±10．9）d;术后并发症3例（18．8％）,其中胰瘘并腹腔积液、腹腔出血1例,胰腺残端出血1例,切口感染1例。无住院期间因手术死亡病例。结论胰十二指肠切除术时,根据患者的具体情况合理地选择胰胃吻合是可行及安全的。     

胰管空肠吻合胰腺残端套入法预防Whipple术后胰瘘(附27例报告)

目的探讨如何降低胰十二指肠切除术后胰空肠吻合口漏的发生。方法采用胰管空肠吻合胰腺残端套入法行胰肠吻合，按胰、胆、胃顺序与空肠重建消化道。结果27例胰十二指肠切除术中，手术并发症7例（25．93％），其中应激性溃疡出血3例，胃排空延迟2例，腹腔及腹壁创口感染各1例，均经非手术治愈。全组无围手术期死亡，亦无一例发生胰瘘。结论胰瘘的发生同术式和操作技术密切相关，亦与吻合口部位血供和张力以及吻合口远端通畅与否有关。本术式增加了胰空肠吻合的严密性，对预防胰瘘的发生起到了积极的效果，且操作简便，易于掌握，效果可靠。     

Repeated Pancreatectomy after Pancreatoduodenectomy

Background When pancreatic duct dilatation is found in the patient having undergone pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), observation is chosen in most cases. Similarly, recurrent tumor in the remnant pancreas of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the pancreas is seldom indicated for resection. We have aggressively performed repeated pancreatectomy for these cases and obtained good results. Methods Repeated pancreatectomy after PD was performed for three types of circumstances: (1) pancreatodigestive anastomotic stricture; (2) neoplasm after intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN); and (3) recurrence of IDC of the pancreas. Results Resection of anastomosis and reanastomosis was performed for pancreatodigestive stricture in four patients. Symptoms derived from pancreatitis in three patients resolved by the second operation and did not recur during follow-up. None of the four patients required pancreatic enzyme substitution because of clinically overt malabsorption, and the defecation frequency of the four patients was within twice a day. Mild diabetes mellitus has been identified in only one patient who had diabetes mellitus before the second surgery. Completion pancreatectomy and pancreatic tail resection was performed for recurrence in two patients and IDC in one patient, respectively, after PD for IPMN. Intrapancreatic recurrences of IPMN in two patients existed in the main pancreatic ducts. As CT revealed pancreatic duct dilatation but not intraductal tumors, recurrences were not correctly diagnosed before the second operation. Completion pancreatectomy was performed for recurrence of IDC in two patients. One patient who underwent completion pancreatectomy for recurrence of IDC survived 66/44 months after the first/second operation. Conclusion Repeated pancreatectomy should be performed for patients with pancreatodigestive anastomotic stricture to preserve remnant pancreatic function and for patients with neoplasm or pancreatic duct dilatation after PD for IPMN, and repeated pancreatectomy for recurrence of IDC might be indicated for selected patients.     

Pancréatectomie médiane avec anastomose pancréatogastrique pour néoformation pancréatique

Aim of the studyTo report a personal series of ten patients who underwent a medial pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy for tumor of the pancreas.Material and methodsAn equal number of five patients had solid and cystic tumors. The solid tumors were all endocrine and included two cases of insulinoma and solitary cases of VIPoma, glucagonoma, and non-secreting tumor. Five patients had a cystic tumor which was in two cases a serous cystadenoma, and in the other cases, a mucinous cystadenoma, a solid pseudopapillary tumor, and a solitary hydatid cyst of the pancreas. The operative procedure included a middle segment pancreatectomy, a suture of the proximal pancreatic stump, an anastomosis of the distal pancreatic stump with the stomach and an external transgastric drainage of the distal main pancreatic duct.ResultsIn the postoperative course, a sero-hematic collection close to the anastomosis occurred in four patients and required external drainage in three cases. All patients recovered without sequela of pancreatic dysfunction.ConclusionThis series confirms the place of medial pancreatectomy in resection of non-enucleable tumors of the middle part of the pancreas. It also shows that pancreaticogastrostomy is a technical simplification compared to Roux-en Y pancreaticojejunostomy in this particular modality of pancreatectomy.     

Pancreatogastrostomy: a safe drainage procedure after pancreatoduodenectomy

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of pancreaticogastrostomy as an alternative method of restoring pancreaticointestinal continuity after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Since 1975, 45 patients have undergone pancreaticogastrostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy at our institution. Pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed for pancreatic carcinoma (24 patients), ampullary carcinoma (8 patients), duodenal carcinoma (4 patients), common bile duct carcinoma (4 patients), pancreatic islet cell carcinoma (1 patient), trauma (1 patient), extensive colon carcinoma (1 patient), chronic pancreatitis (1 patient), and gastroduodenal artery aneurysm (1 patient). There was one operative death, for an overall operative mortality rate of 2%, and seven patients had major postoperative complications, for an overall morbidity rate of 15%. No pancreatic anastomotic leaks or other complications related to the pancreaticogastrostomy occurred. Twenty-four patients have died of recurrent carcinoma, with a mean survival of 25 months (range, 5 to 66 months), and 20 patients are alive and well, with a mean follow-up of 27 months (range, 2 to 106 months). Eight of these patients are alive 2 or more years after operation and four do not have exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. This experience confirms that pancreaticogastrostomy is a safe method of pancreatic drainage after pancreaticoduodenectomy and suggests that it may have technical advantages and therefore merits more widespread application.     

胰管结石外科治疗术式探讨

目的探讨胰管结石外科治疗的术式选择。方法对7例胰管结石患者进行手术治疗。采用胆管、胰管空肠(侧侧)Roux-Y吻合术 胆囊切除、胆管探查、T管引流术4例,采用胰管切开取石、胰管空肠(侧侧)Roux-Y吻合术 胆管探查、T管引流术1例,采用保留十二指肠的胰头切除、尾侧胰腺断端空肠(端侧)Roux-Y吻合术 胆囊切除及胆总管探查取石、T管引流术1例,采用胰十二指肠切除术1例。结果7例均痊愈,其中1例术前并发上消化道大出血,误切第一组小肠,遗有短肠综合征;另1例生存至1.5年后发生胰腺癌变死亡。结论外科手术仍是本病主要的治疗方法,主要有引流术和胰腺部分切除术,有主胰管扩张者宜采用引流术,无胰管扩张和胰腺病变局限化者,可用胰腺部分切除术,再联合内引流术;依据胰腺病变的具体情况选择最佳术式,手术疗效满意。     

Pancreaticogastrostomy following pancreatoduodenectomy.

Operative death following pancreatoduodenectomy results essentially from a pancreatojejunal anastomosis leakage. Pancreaticogastrostomy has been used infrequently. Seventeen patients (12 with malignant tumors and 5 with chronic pancreatitis) have undergone pancreaticogastrostomy following pancreatoduodenectomy. There was no operative mortality rate and no pancreaticogastrostomy leakage. Our data agree with data concerning pancreaticogastrostomy published in literature; cumulative mortality rate including our results is 4.5% (6 out of 134 patients) with only one transient benign pancreatic fistula reported. Many advantages offered by this method can explain these positive results including trypsine neutralization by gastric acidity and the possibility of nasogastric aspiration on contact with the anastomosis. Furthermore, permeability of the pancreatic duct can be easily verified by endoscopic examination. However, external pancreatic insufficiency does not seem to occur in long-term follow-up. These results suggest that this simple and safe method merits a more widespread application.     

Central pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy for benign pancreatic pathology

Benign lesions of the neck and proximal body of the pancreas pose an interesting surgical challenge. If the lesions are not amenable to simple enucleation, surgeons may be faced with the choice of performing a right-sided resection (pancreaticoduodenectomy) or a left-sided resection (distal pancreatectomy) to include the lesion, resulting in resection of a substantial amount of normal pancreatic parenchyma. Central pancreatic resection has been reported with Roux-en-Y pancreaticojejunostomy reconstruction; however, this interrupts small bowel continuity and obligates an additional anastomosis.We have reviewed our experience with central pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) for benign central pancreatic pathology. Between January 1999 and December 2002, 14 central pancreatectomies were performed with PG reconstruction. There were 7 women and 7 men with a mean age of 60.9 years. Five resections were performed for islet cell tumors, three were performed for noninvasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, two were performed for serous cystadenoma, and one each was performed for a simple cyst, pseudocyst, mucinous metaplasia, and focal chronic pancreatitis. Seven out of 14 patients experienced a total of 10 complications. Pancreatic fistulae manifested by drainage of amylase-rich fluid from the operatively placed drains developed in 5 patients (36%). Reoperation or interventional radiologic procedures were not required in any patient with a fistula. Postoperative follow-up demonstrated 13 out of 14 patients to be alive and well without evidence of pancreatic insufficiency. One patient died at home on postoperative day 57 of cardiac pathology. Central pancreatectomy withPGis a safe and effective procedure that allows for preservation of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine function without disruption of enteric continuity. The complication of pancreatic fistula was managed conservatively via maintenance of operatively placed drains. Presented at the Forty-Fourth Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Orlando, Florida, May 18–21, 2003 (poster presentation).     

Pancreaticogastrostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Although the mortality following pancreaticoduodenectomy has fallen and is now below 5%, overall 14% of patients develop a leak at the pancreatic anastomosis. This complication carries a 24% mortality rate when pancreaticojejunostomy is the method of reconstruction. In order to reduce the incidence of this complication, pancreaticogastrostomy can be performed following pancreaticoduodenectomy. A total of 41 patients underwent this operation between 1968 and 1989. The indications for operations were carcinoma of the head of the pancreas (n = 19), carcinoma of the ampulla (n = 12), carcinoma of the lower end of the common bile duct (n = 6), chronic pancreatitis (n = 3) and one patient with a nonfunctioning islet cell tumour. One patient developed a pancreatic fistula which closed spontaneously in 5 days. This patient is alive and well 36 months after operation. Pancreaticogastrostomy with pancreatic duct to gastric mucosa anastomosis is recommended as a safe and straight-forward method of reconstruction following pancreaticoduodenectomy.     

机器人辅助胰腺手术的消化道重建:胰肠吻合还是胰胃吻合

目的 总结分析机器人辅助胰腺切除术中胰肠吻合术与胰胃吻合术的临床特点与手术技巧,分析比较两种吻合方式的优劣.方法 回顾性分析2010年3月至2012年2月上海瑞金医院应用达芬奇机器人辅助手术系统行24例胰腺吻合术的临床资料.结果 24例胰腺吻合术均在达芬奇机器人辅助手术系统下完成,无中转开腹.其中男10例,女14例,平均年龄( 48.58±13.31)岁,术中切除肿瘤平均大小( 2.74±1.31)cm,胰管平均直径(3.58±1.69 )mm,胰腺吻合口平均完成时间( 57.71±13.10) min,其中行胰肠吻合术12例,胰胃吻合术12例,术后并发胰漏者9例(37.5％)、胰腺吻合口出血者2例(8.3％)、胃排空延迟者1例(4.2％),均经过保守治疗后康复.术后平均住院时间为( 23.88±8.02)d,胰腺吻合口旁引流管留置时间为(18.83±7.23)d,肛门排气恢复时间为( 2.38±1.24)d.进一步研究发现,与胰肠吻合术组比较,胰胃吻合术组吻合时间长、术后胰漏发生率较高(P＜0.05),但两组术后住院时间、吻合口引流时间、肛门排气时间差异无统计学意义.结论 在机器人辅助手术系统下完成胰胃吻合或胰肠吻合均是安全可行的,具体吻合方式的选择应综合考虑手术方式与外科医师的手术经验.     

Distal pancreatectomy with duct-to-mucosa pancreaticogastrostomy: a novel technique for preventing postoperative pancreatic fistula

Background

Management of the pancreatic remnant after distal pancreatectomy remains a clinically relevant problem and a significant clinical challenge. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of duct-to-mucosa pancreaticogastrostomy for preventing pancreatic fistula development after distal pancreatectomy.

Methods

Twenty-one patients underwent distal pancreatectomy using the duct-to-mucosa pancreaticogastrostomy and the clinical data were collected prospectively. Pancreatic fistula was defined and classified according to the international study group definition.

Results

The median surgical time was 236 minutes, with a median intraoperative blood loss of 250 mL. Morbidity was 5% and mortality was nil. The postoperative pancreatic fistula rate of clinically relevant grade B or C fistulae was 0%, although the biochemical grade A fistula rate was 29%. Delayed gastric emptying developed in only 1 patient (5%).

Conclusions

Duct-to-mucosa pancreaticogastrostomy may be a safe and effective technique for preventing pancreatic fistula development after distal pancreatectomy when performed by experienced surgeons who are skilled in this technique.     

Postoperative Glycemic Control after Central Pancreatectomy for Mid-gland Lesions

INTRODUCTION: Patients undergoing partial pancreatectomy are at risk for developing surgically induced diabetes. Patients with lesions in the neck and body of the pancreas are at increased risk because traditional resectional approaches (pancreaticoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy) must be extended to remove the tumor with adequate margins. Increasingly, we have been performing pancreatic parenchyma-sparing resections (central pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy) in an effort to reduce the risk of postpancreatectomy endocrine insufficiency. METHODS: The operative records of patients who underwent pancreatectomy at our institution from 1999 to 2005 were reviewed. We identified 26 patients who underwent central pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy reconstruction for cystic lesions (n = 23), neuroendocrine tumors (n = 2), and Frantz's tumor (n = 1). Charts were reviewed for patient demographics, volume of resection, complications, and evaluation of postoperative glycemic control. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 33 months (range 3-72 months). The average volume of pancreas resected was 49.6 +/- 38.6 cm(3), and the mean diameter of the lesions was 2.6 +/- 1.5 cm. Nine complications occurred in eight patients (overall morbidity 31%), and the average length of stay was 6.9 +/- 2.7 days. Pancreatic leaks (n = 2; 7.7%) were successfully managed nonoperatively. There was no operative mortality, and there has been no tumor recurrence. None of the patients were diabetic preoperatively. Postoperatively, two (7.7%) developed endocrine insufficiency with a mean postoperative hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) value of 7.65%. Neither patient has required exogenous insulin. HbA1c in the remaining patients was 5.9% +/- 0.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatic parenchyma-sparing surgery for lesions in the midportion of the gland can be performed with acceptable morbidity. Postoperative glycemic control after pancreatic parenchyma-sparing surgery compares favorably with that reported for patients with traditional resections.