HIV-1中国流行株CRF01_AE env基因改造及其重组DNA疫苗的构建

目的 构建表达含有密码子优化的HIV-1 CRF01_AE亚型env基因的DNA疫苗,为多载体艾滋病治疗性疫苗的应用提供候选疫苗.方法 对HIV-1感染者血液样本进行型别分析,分型得到的AE亚型标本采用亚型特异性引物克隆env基因,通过序列比对获得其共有序列,对该序列按照哺乳动物密码子使用的偏嗜性进行优化,将人工合成的优化基因克隆至pVR载体,构建DNA疫苗.通过Western Blot方法比较优化前后env基因的表达.结果 成功获得32条具有完整的开放性阅读框的env克隆,型别分析确认均为CRF01_AE亚型.成功对其共有序列进行了优化、合成并构建了DNA疫苗pVR-mod.AE env,该疫苗与野生型的env基因（wt.AE env）相比可以高水平表达env基因,且不依赖Rev的存在.结论 对HIV-1中国流行株CRF01_AE env基因的优化改造及重组DNA疫苗的构建是成功的.     

三个不同亚型HIV-1调节/辅助基因DNA疫苗的构建和免疫原性研究

目的 构建表达中国主要流行亚型HIV-1 tat-rev-integrase(c-half)-vif-nef(TRIVN)融合基因的DNA疫苗,并比较其免疫原性.方法 按人源密码子使用频率对HIV-1 CN54(B'/C重组亚型)与RL42(B'亚型)的tat、rev、integrase(C端144个氨基酸)、vif和nef基因序列进行优化,构建DNA疫苗.通过Western blot测定上述DNA疫苗与HIV-1 AE2f株来源的tat-rev-integrase(c-half)-vifnef融合基因DNA疫苗的体外表达效率;利用小鼠模型比较3个DNA疫苗单独免疫与混合免疫的免疫原性特征.结果 限制性酶切及DNA测序结果表明两个融合基因重组质粒构建正确;Western blot 检测结果显示:3个DNA疫苗的体外表达效率基本相当.小鼠免疫后ELISPOT检测结果显示:在总T细胞反应强度方面AE2f-TRIVN最强[(948.0±330.0)SFCs/106脾细胞],次之为混合DNA免疫组(500.0±155.0 SFCs/106脾细胞),再者为RL42-TRIVN[(195.1±44.0)SFCs/106脾细胞],CN54-TRIVN最弱[(89.5±17.0)SFCs/106脾细胞].T细胞反应分布情况显示:3个DNA疫苗单独免疫时,T细胞反应主要集中在Integrase和Vif蛋白上;而混合免疫可以部分改善针对Nef蛋白的免疫识别.结论 3个亚型TRIVN DNA疫苗中以AE2f-TRIVN的免疫原性最强;DNA疫苗混合免疫倾向于促进特异性T细胞反应在TRIVN融合抗原上的均匀分布.

Abstract：

0bjective To determine the immunogenicities of DNA vaccines expressing tat-rev-integrase(c-half)-vif-neffusion genes(TRIVN) derived from prevalent B', B'/C and AE recombinant subtypes of HIV-1 in China. Methods Two DNA vaccines were constructed by inserting the codon optimized tat-revintegrase(c-half)-vif-nef fusion genes derived from B' and B'/C subtype of HIV-1 into mammalian expression vector pSVI. 0. DNA vaccine containing tat-rev-integrase (c-half)-vif-nef fusion gene derived from HIV-1AE2f has been constructed previously. In vitro expression efficiencies of three DNA vaccines were determined by Western blot and their immunogenicities were compared by immunizing female BALB/c mice. IFN-γ ELISPOT assay was used to read out the specific T cell immunity. Results The constructed DNA vaccines were validated by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. Western blot assay showed three constructed DNA vaccines could be expressed at a comparable level in vitro. After vaccination, AE-TRIVN mounted T cell immune responses at (948.0 ± 330.0) SFCs/106 splenocytes, followed by the mixed DNA vaccine[ (500.0 ± 155.0) SFCs/106 splenocytes ], RL-TRIVN r[ ( 195. 1 ± 44.0) SFCs/106 splenocytes ]and CN-TRIVN [ (89.5 ± 17.0) SFCs/106 splenocytes]. Interestingly, we observed that single DNA vaccination induced specific T cell responses predominantly targeting Integrase (C-half) and Vif, whereas the mixed DNA could significantly improve T cell responses against Nef. Conclusion AE-TRIVN was the most immunogenic among the three DNA vaccines and the mixed DNA vaccination could change the immunogenic hierarchy of T cell epitopes across the fusion genes vaccine.     

表达HIV-1 B亚型env基因的质粒DNA及腺病毒载体疫苗的免疫原性研究

目的 构建表达中国B亚型HIV-1流行株env基因的DNA及重组腺病毒载体疫苗,将其用于预防或治疗HIV感染.方法 构建质粒DNA疫苗pVR-gp160及重组腺病毒载体疫苗rAdV-gp160.将这两种疫苗以不同的方式免疫BALB/c小鼠,分别采用ELISPOT方法 和ELISA方法 检测免疫小鼠中HIV-1 Gp120特异性细胞免疫反应及抗体反应.结果 DNA疫苗单独免疫及DNA疫苗初免/腺病毒疫苗加强免疫的联合免疫方案皆可诱导较高水平的Gp120特异性细胞免疫反应;而在体液免疫方面,各实验组产生的Gp120特异性抗体水平都较低.结论 所构建的DNA疫苗及rAdV疫苗能有效表达Gp160蛋白,并可有效激活机体的细胞免疫反应.     

基于中国HIV-1 CRF01_AE重组亚型gp41 NHR结构域亚单位疫苗的研究

目的:构建基于中国HIV-1 CRF01_AE重组亚型包膜糖蛋白gp41 NHR结构域N51的亚单位疫苗,并进行免疫原性研究.方法:设计4条引物,运用重叠延伸PCR方法扩增出N51Fd基因,将其插入真核表达载体pFUSE-hIgG1-Fc2,构建重组质粒pFUSE/N51Fd并进行序列测定.Western blot 法检测N51FdFc-AE重组蛋白的表达.用纯化蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠后,ELISA法检测小鼠的抗体反应.结果:成功构建了pFUSE/N51Fd重组质粒,N51FdFc-AE重组蛋白在真核体系获得了高效表达,Western blot结果显示在相对分子质量(Mr)35000处有目的蛋白条带.小鼠抗血清能特异性识别源于gp41 NHR的抗原,效价高达1∶102400,平均效价为1∶51200.结论:改造后的亚单位疫苗能有效激活机体的免疫响应,可用于HIV候选疫苗的研发.     

表达HIV-1 gag基因的重组AAV2/1和Ad5疫苗免疫原性比较

目的 在小鼠体内比较表达HIT-1 gag基因的重组AAV2/1和Ad5疫苗的免疫原性.方法 分别用rAAV2/1-gag或rAd5-gag单独免疫BALB/c小鼠一次或两次,于免疫后不同时间点用CFSE染色法和胞内细胞因子染色法检测Gag特异性细胞免疫应答,用ELISA方法检测Gag特异性抗体反应.结果 单次免疫结果显示,在所有检测点rAd5-gag所诱导的Gag特异性CTL应答都比rAAV2/1-gag强,抗体反应在免疫后4周无明显差异.两次免疫后4周的检测结果表明,rAd5-gag所诱导的Gag特异性CTL应答比rAAV2/1-gag强,但抗体反应比rAAV2/1-gag组弱.结论 rAd5-gag诱导了很好的HIV-1特异性细胞和抗体反应,而rAAV2/1-gag诱导的HIV-1特异性抗体反应很强,但细胞免疫应答较弱.     

HIV-1 B''亚型gag-env融合基因的DNA疫苗构建和免疫原性分析

目的 构建HIV-1 B′亚型中国流行株gag和env融合基因的DNA疫苗，对其免疫原性进行研究。方法 根据已报道的HIV-1 B′亚型RIA2分离株gag和env基因的氨基酸序列按哺乳动物密码子使用频率进行优化并人工合成基因，插入真核表达载体pDRVISV1．0中，构建表达RL42 gag-env，融合蛋白的DNA疫苗，pSVRL／GE。用Western blot和抗gag p55抗体细胞内染色的方法体外检测pSVRUGE的表达效率。DNA疫苗pSVRL/GE免疫BALB／c小鼠后，用ELISPOT检测小鼠的细胞免疫反应。结果 限制性内切酶鉴定表明融合基因已成功插入pDRVISV1．0载体中，Western blot证实融合基因可有效表达融合蛋白；细胞内染色结果表明，pSVRL/GE转染的293T细胞中49．8％表达gag p55，荧光强度均值为924；而空载体pDRVISV1．0转染的293T细胞中非特异背景染色只有0．5％。经免疫的小鼠脾细胞体外用H-2^d限制性表位肽AMQMIKET刺激后，ELISPOT检测显示，pSVRUGE免疫小鼠每10^6脾细胞形成226个斑点（SD=140），而空载对照组每1驴脾细胞形成29个斑点（SD=16）（P〈0．05）。结论 所构建的DNA疫苗pSVRL/GE可高效表达相应抗原蛋白，并可有效激活机体的细胞免疫反应。     

中国HIV-1C亚型代表株候选疫苗免疫原性的研究

1981年发现艾滋病至今,艾滋病毒(ＨＩＶ)累积感染了近5000万人,造成近1400万人死亡,其主要感染人群是青壮年[1]。ＨＩＶ的蔓延给国家社会和经济的发展带来严重的挑战,并会对公共财政系统造成巨大的压力。我国ＨＩＶ1的流行自1994年以后进入快速增长期,ＨＩＶ1多种亚型(Ａ、Ｂ、Ｂ’、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ、Ｆ)在我国流行[2],如果不尽快控制其流行,到2010年累积感染者有可能突破1000万人[1]。有效的疫苗是控制ＨＩＶ流行的根本手段。我国流行亚型主要以Ｂ’亚型和Ｃ亚型为主,大约占流行亚型的45%和36%。针对这一流行趋势,我们在杆状病毒系统表达了我国…     

改善HIV—1DNA疫苗免疫原性的方法

1　 HIV-1 DNA疫苗的特点自 1 981年首次发现艾滋病以来 ,艾滋病病毒 ( HIV)的感染在全世界迅速广泛流行。到2 0 0 0年底 ,我国在 HIV感染人数已达 60万。由于药物的昂贵和耐药株的产生影响艾滋病的治疗。科学家认为预防 HIV传播的最佳措施是研制和应用安全而有效的预防性疫苗 ,而且认为研制有效的 HIV疫苗是可行的。目前科研人员研究了多种类型疫苗 ,其中最引人关注的是基因疫苗。HIV-DNA疫苗之所以受到科学家的关注 ,是因为 :基因疫苗与传统疫苗、基因工程疫苗相比 ,有以下优点 :1直接接种 DNA疫苗 ,生产成本低。 2接种基因疫…     

含密码子优化的SIV gag基因的DNA疫苗与rAd5疫苗构建及免疫原性评价

目的 构建含有SIVgag基因的DNA疫苗和重组腺病毒疫苗,为后期在SIV感染的猴模型中进行多载体疫苗联合免疫策略的治疗效果评价奠定基础.方法 将SIV gag基因按照哺乳动物偏嗜密码子进行优化并构建至pVR载体,作为DNA疫苗.以Western Blot方法比较优化前后gag基因表达水平.将优化后的gag基因插入重组腺病毒载体,构建rAd5-SIVgag疫苗.在BALB/c小鼠中分别比较DNA疫苗及rAd5-SIV.gag疫苗单独及联合免疫的效果.结果 密码子优化的SIVgag基因的表达水平远高于野生型SIVgag基因.重组腺病毒疫苗免疫一次或两次诱导的细胞免疫反水平分别高于DNA疫苗免疫一次或两次.两种疫苗联合免疫的反应水平与腺病毒疫苗免疫两次的水平相当,高于DNA疫苗单独免疫及腺病毒疫苗单独免疫一次的结果.结论 成功优化了SIV gag基因,使其不依赖Rev高水平表达;成功构建了表达优化后SIV gag基因的DNA疫苗和rAd5疫苗,可以在小鼠体内诱导较强的gag基因特异性CTL应答.     

Phylodynamic analysis of the dissemination of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in Vietnam

To estimate the epidemic history of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in Vietnam and adjacent Guangxi, China, we determined near full-length nucleotide sequences of CRF01_AE from a total of 33 specimens collected in 1997-1998 from different geographic regions and risk populations in Vietnam. Phylogenetic and Bayesian molecular clock analyses were performed to estimate the date of origin of CRF01_AE lineages. Our study reconstructs the timescale of CRF01_AE expansion in Vietnam and neighboring regions and suggests that the series of CRF01_AE epidemics in Vietnam arose by the sequential introduction of founder strains into new locations and risk groups. CRF01_AE appears to have been present among heterosexuals in South-Vietnam for more than a decade prior to its epidemic spread in the early 1990s. In the late 1980s, the virus spread to IDUs in Southern Vietnam and subsequently in the mid-1990s to IDUs further north. Our results indicate the northward dissemination of CRF01_AE during this time.     

早期HIV-1感染env基因的动态变异研究

目的 追踪观察HIV-1新发感染者体内CRF07_BC重组毒株膜蛋白基因的变异性.方法 从HIV-1感染者血浆中提取总RNA,通过逆转录多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)获得HIV-1 gp120全长及C2-C5区段基因.纯化后装入T载体,转化至Top10大肠埃希菌内增殖,通过蓝白斑筛选获得阳性克隆,运用PCR方法进行鉴定,最后对所获得的目的克隆测序.结果从两个感染者血浆样品中获得感染后半年到2年半间多个时间点的gp120基因克隆共135个及gp120基因C2-C5区段克隆15个,分析显示这些克隆均为HIV-1 CRF07_BC亚型.随感染时间的延长,HIV-1 env基因的离散率与多样性均有增加的趋势.env基因同义突变与非同义突变比较结果显示,C1、C3与V4区段非同义突变比率比gp120基因的其他区域都高.基因多态性分析的结果显示,同一时间点内不同毒株基因在不同区段的变异是不同的,基因多样性介于0与0.066±0.028之间.结论 随着患者感染时间的推移,HIV-1膜蛋白基因的变异逐渐增大.C1、C3和V4区的高突变率提示,该基因区可能是HIV-1病毒生存与宿主免疫压力相互作用的主要位点.     

Continuous spread of HIV-1 subtypes D and CRF01_AE in France from 2003 to 2009

Among 61 and 35 patients who were infected in France by viruses of the rare clades D and CRF01_AE, respectively, approximately half of them originated from areas where HIV-1 is endemic, but the data showed that both clades have spread in the French indigenous population, particularly in men having sex with men (MSM).     

Reanalysis of the HIV-1 circulating recombinant form A/E (CRF01_AE): evidence of A/E/G recombination

Circulating recombinant form (CRF) 01_AE caused an extensive HIV-1 epidemic in Thailand and Southeast Asia. Reanalysis of the recombination pattern of CRF01_AE suggested a more complicated pattern of mosaicism consisting of subtypes A, G, and E. These findings provide evidence that CRF01_AE originated from recombination between at least three different subtypes.     

Maternal neutralizing antibodies against a CRF01_AE primary isolate are associated with a low rate of intrapartum HIV-1 transmission

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 provides a model for studying the role of passively acquired antibodies in preventing HIV infection. We determined the titers of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against six primary isolates of clades B and CRF01_AE in sera from 45 transmitting and 45 nontransmitting mothers matched for the main independent factors associated with MTCT in Thailand. A lower risk of MTCT, particularly for intrapartum transmission, was associated only with higher NAb titers against the CRF01_AE strain, MBA. The envelope glycoprotein of this strain showed an unusually long V2 domain of 63 amino acids, encoding six potential N-linked glycosylation sites. We provided experimental data indicating that the extended V2 domain contributed to the higher level of resistance to neutralization by mothers' sera in this strain. Taken together the data suggest that some primary isolates with specific properties may be useful indicators for identifying protective antibodies.