A randomized controlled trial for evaluation of lower abdominal laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background: To improve minimally invasive outcomes, we designed a new procedure, lower abdominal laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LALC). This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of LALC versus classical (CLC) and single-incision (SILC) laparoscopic cholecystectomy on reducing systemic acute inflammatory response, improving cosmesis, and postoperative pain relief.

Material and methods: Beginning from July 2014, 105 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to three groups: LALC, CLC, and SILC. The primary endpoint was the determination of systemic inflammatory response to the surgery. Other outcome measures included cosmesis, postoperative pain, and perioperative indices.

Results: Each of the three groups consisted of 35 patients. The duration of the operation was significantly longer in the SILC group (p= .005). The rates of adverse events were similar. Changes in interleukin-6 (p?= .001) and tumor-necrosis factor-α (p?= .016) measured before and after surgery differed significantly; patients who underwent LALC had the smallest change in inflammatory response. Cosmesis scores at one (p?= .002) and 12 (p?= .004) weeks after surgery favored LALC and SILC. Significant differences in pain scores at four (p?= .011) and 12?h (p?= .024) postoperatively were also observed.

Conclusions: In selected patients, LALC shows more advantages in terms of lower systemic inflammatory response, improved cosmesis, and a favorable postoperative pain profile when compared with CLC and SILC.     

Transumblical single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy with a simple technique: Initial experience of 33 cases

Abstract

Transumbilical single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a novel laparoscopic surgical technique for cholecystectomy utilizing only a transumbilical incision, which eliminates any visible abdominal scars and improves cosmesis. As the true single port laparoscopic technique, we presented an easy and feasible method for transumbilical laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A total of 33 patients were presented for transumbilical single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A 1.5 cm incision was made at the umbilicus. We used one sterile glove and designed a simple method for this procedure. All the operations were completed successfully. The operative time of the first case was 189 min, the average time of the following two cases was 90 min, and the mean of the latest ten cases was 50 min. Operative blood loss was <30 ml for all patients. No drainage tube was placed and no postoperative complications such as bleeding or biliary leakage occurred after three to six months of follow-up. All the patients were discharged 24h after the operation. There were no visible scars on the abdominal wall at the second weekend. Transumbilical single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy by our designed methods was technically simple, feasible and safe. Furthermore, development of newer instruments, accumulation of experience and enhancement of operative technique may facilitate this new operative approach.     

经脐单孔与三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术疗效对比

【摘要】目的：探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术 ( transumbilical single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy， TUSPLC) 的手术可行性和经验体会。方法：回顾性分析我院2020 年3月～2021年11月开展TUSPLC 51例患者及三孔法LC 51例患者的临床资料。结果：TUSPLC组手术时间显著长于三孔法LC组[(49.4±13.3)min Vs (31.2±11.51)min]，TUSPLC组增加戳孔的例数显著多于三孔法LC组[(5（9.8%)]Vs [1(1.96%))]，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；但TUSPLC组较三孔法LC组，术后止痛剂使用例数更少[4（7.85%）Vs[17(33.3%)]，术后腹壁疤痕满意度评分更高[(3.88±0.11)分 Vs (2.75±0.31)分]，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；TUSPLC组的手术出血量、术后并发症及住院天数与三孔法LC组比较没有差异（P>0.05）。 结论：TUSPLC在有丰富的二孔LC经验的基础上是安全可行的，也是现阶段最能体现NOTES理念的手术，选择合适的患者可做推广。     

Development of a novel controllable,multidirectional, reusable metallic port with a wide working space

Abstract

Background: Endoscopic surgery is currently a standard procedure in many countries. Furthermore, conventional four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy is developing into a single-port procedure. However, in many developing countries, disposable medical products are expensive and adequate medical waste disposable facilities are absent. Advanced medical treatments such as laparoscopic or single-port surgeries are not readily available in many areas of developing countries, and there are often no other sterilization methods besides autoclaving. Moreover, existing reusable metallic ports are impractical and are thus not widely used. Material and methods: We developed a novel controllable, multidirectional single-port device that can be autoclaved, and with a wide working space, which was employed in five patients. Results: In all patients, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was accomplished without complications. Conclusion: Our device facilitates single-port surgery in areas of the world with limited sterilization methods and offers a novel alternative to conventional tools for creating a smaller incision, decrease postoperative pain, and improve cosmesis. This novel device can also lower the cost of medical treatment and offers a promising tool for major surgeries requiring a wide working space.     

Pain,well-being,body image and cosmesis: A comparison of single-port and four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Abstract

Background: This study aims to compare post-operative pain, well-being, body image and cosmesis in SILS cholecystectomy and four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy (FPLC). Material and methods: Forty-two consecutive patients (15 SILS, 27 FPLC) undergoing elective cholecystectomy were included in the study. Peri-operative pain, well-being, body image and cosmesis were evaluated using validated assessment tools. Results: Significantly lower pain scores were reported one week post-operatively in the SILS group (5.6 vs 8.3; p = 0.035). No significant difference was found in analgesic requirements, physical or mental well-being at any time interval. Significantly higher (favourable) body image questionnaire scores were reported in the SILS group at one week (5.4 v 4.5; p < 0.01), two weeks (5.6 vs 4.8; p < 0.01) and one month (5.7 vs 5.0; p < 0.01) post-operatively. Conclusion: SILS patients have significantly reduced one-week pain scores and there was no significant difference in well-being between the two groups. Patients who underwent SILS had improved body image and cosmesis. If both techniques are found to be equivalent concerning safety, cost, learning curve and availability, SILS may play a key role in the new era of patient choice.     

三孔与单孔腹腔镜切除术式治疗急性阑尾炎合并胆囊结石的疗效对比

目的探讨三孔与单孔腹腔镜胆囊阑尾联合切除术式治疗急性阑尾炎合并胆囊结石临床疗效差异。方法研究对象选取该院及临汾市人民医院2012年8月-2015年8月收治急性阑尾炎合并胆囊结石患者共110例,以随机抽签法分为对照组(55例)和观察组(55例),分别采用三孔和单孔腹腔镜下胆囊阑尾联合切除术式治疗;比较两组患者手术相关临床指标、Brown手术满意度评分、手术前后抑郁焦虑视觉模拟评分法(VAS)及术后并发症发生率等。结果观察组患者切口长度明显短于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者手术操作用时则明显长于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者术后抑郁焦虑VAS评分均明显低于对照组、治疗前(P0.05);同时两组患者术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论相较于三孔腹腔镜术式,单孔腹腔镜胆囊阑尾微创联合切除治疗急性阑尾炎合并胆囊结石可有效缩短切口长度,改善手术美观性和术后负面情绪,且未导致术后并发症风险上升。     

The Effect of Preoperative Oral Versus Parenteral Dextrose Supplementation on Pain,Nausea, and Quality of Recovery After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

PurposeEarlier studies suggest that carbohydrate loading is effective in reducing preoperative nausea. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of preoperative oral versus parenteral carbohydrate loading on the postoperative pain, nausea, and quality of recovery (QoR).DesignThree-arm randomized, single-blind clinical trial.MethodsIn this study, 95 adult patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned into three groups of preoperative intravenous dextrose 10% infusion, oral carbohydrate (OCH)–rich drink, and control. The pain and nausea severity scores were measured during recovery, 6 hours, and 24 hours thereafter. The 40-item QoR score was evaluated the day after surgery.FindingsIn recovery, nausea severity was comparable among three groups, whereas pain score in the OCH group was significantly less than the controls (P = .009). Pain score in patients who received intravenous dextrose was mediocre and not statistically different from two other groups. Six and 24 hours after surgery, nausea and pain scores in OCH and dextrose infusion groups were significantly lower than the control group (P < .05). The 40-item QoR score was significantly higher in intervention groups than control participants (P < .05). Blood glucose levels were comparable in three groups before and after surgery.ConclusionsPreoperative carbohydrate loading significantly improves the QoR after laparoscopic cholecystectomy without significant effect on blood glucose levels. Oral route more effectively controls nausea and pain than parenteral dextrose administration.     

快速康复护理在腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者围术期的应用效果

目的探讨快速康复护理在腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者围术期中的应用效果。方法选取122例腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者作为研究对象,根据入院时间将其分为对照组和研究组,各61例。两组均在气管插管全身麻醉下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。对照组给予常规护理,观察组给予快速康复护理。比较两组的相关术后指标、术后疼痛程度及并发症发生情况。结果观察组的首次下床活动时间、首次排便时间、住院时间均明显短于对照组,住院费用明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组出室时、术后4、12、24、48 h VAS评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的并发症总发生率为13.11%,明显低于对照组的40.98%(P<0.05)。结论快速康复护理不仅能促进患者康复,减少住院费用,而且能明显减轻患者术后疼痛程度,减少并发症,值得在临床上大力推广。     

Early vs late cholecystectomy in mild gall stone pancreatitis: An updated meta-analysis and review of literature

BACKGROUNDGallstone pancreatitis is one of the most common causes of acute pancreatitis. Cholecystectomy remains the definitive treatment of choice to prevent recurrence. The rate of early cholecystectomies during index admission remains low due to perceived increased risk of complications. AIMTo compare outcomes including length of stay, duration of surgery, biliary complications, conversion to open cholecystectomy, intra-operative, and post-operative complications between patients who undergo cholecystectomy during index admission as compared to those who undergo cholecystectomy thereafter. METHODSStatistical Method: Pooled proportions were calculated using both Mantel-Haenszel method (fixed effects model) and DerSimonian Laird method (random effects model). RESULTSInitial search identified 163 reference articles, of which 45 were selected and reviewed. Eighteen studies (n = 2651) that met the inclusion criteria were included in this analysis. Median age of patients in the late group was 43.8 years while that in the early group was 43.6. Pooled analysis showed late laparoscopic cholecystectomy group was associated with an increased length of stay by 88.96 h (95%CI: 86.31 to 91.62) as compared to early cholecystectomy group. Pooled risk difference for biliary complications was higher by 10.76% (95%CI: 8.51 to 13.01) in the late cholecystectomy group as compared to the early cholecystectomy group. Pooled analysis showed no risk difference in intraoperative complications [risk difference: 0.41%, (95%CI: -1.58 to 0.75)], postoperative complications [risk difference: 0.60%, (95%CI: -2.21 to 1.00)], or conversion to open cholecystectomy [risk difference: 1.42%, (95%CI: -0.35 to 3.21)] between early and late cholecystectomy groups. Pooled analysis showed the duration of surgery to be prolonged by 39.11 min (95%CI: 37.44 to 40.77) in the late cholecystectomy group as compared to the early group.CONCLUSIONIn patients with mild gallstone pancreatitis early cholecystectomy leads to shorter hospital stay, shorter duration of surgery, while decreasing the risk of biliary complications. Rate of intraoperative, post-operative complications and chances of conversion to open cholecystectomy do not significantly differ whether cholecystectomy was performed early or late.     

Systemic immune response after open versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis: A prospective randomized study

Objective. Laparoscopic surgery is thought to reduce the postoperative immunologic effects of surgical trauma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of surgical trauma on systemic inflammation and the immune response in acute cholecystitis. Material and methods. Thirty‐three patients with acute calculous cholecystitis were assigned to laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC, n = 18) or open cholecystectomy (OC, n = 15). Blood samples were obtained preoperatively and on postoperative day 1 (24?h after surgery) and day 3 (72?h after surgery), and blood concentration of C‐reactive protein (CRP), leukocyte subpopulations, as well as levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) ex vivo secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were measured in both groups. Results. Hospitalization was significantly shorter in the LC group than in the OC group (LC group: 3.7±1.2 days versus OC group: 6.3±2.7 days, p = 0.010). There was no postoperative morbidity in the LC group, but two patients in the OC group had postoperative complications. Postoperative TNF‐α ex vivo secretion by PBMCs and PBMC counts in the OC group were significantly lower than those in the LC group (p = 0.002). The CRP level declined by postoperative day 3, but was significantly less in the OC group than in the LC group (p<0.001). Postoperative monocyte counts significantly decreased in the OC group compared with those in the LC group (p = 0.001). Conclusions. A laparoscopic approach appears to cause less surgical trauma and immunosuppression than open surgery in patients with acute cholecystitis.     

Application of near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography using indocyanine green in laparoscopic cholecystectomy

ObjectiveNear-infrared fluorescence cholangiography (NIRF-C) can help to identify the bile duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This retrospective study was performed to investigate the effect of NIRF-C in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent NIRF-C-assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy (n = 34) or conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy (n = 36) were enrolled in this study. Identification of biliary structures, the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative complications were analyzed.ResultsLaparoscopic cholecystectomy was completed in all patients without conversion to laparotomy. The median operation time and intraoperative blood loss were not significantly different between the two groups. No intraoperative injuries or postoperative complications occurred in either group. In the NIRF-C group, the visualization rate of the cystic duct, common bile duct, and common hepatic duct prior to dissection was 91%, 79%, and 53%, respectively. The success rate of cholangiography was 100% in the NIRF-C group. NIRF-C was more effective for visualizing biliary structures in patients with a BMI of <25 than >25 kg/m².ConclusionsNIRF-C is a safe and effective technique that enables real-time identification of the biliary anatomy during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. NIRF-C helps to improve the efficiency of dissection.     

Effects of ropivacaine on pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A prospective,randomized study

Postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is an ongoing problem. To relieve this pain, practitioners have used many anesthetic and analgesic drugs. This study was undertaken to assess the effects of incisional and intraperitoneal administration of ropivacaine on postoperative pain and stress response in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In this prospective, singleblinded, randomized study, 45 patients with ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) scores I and II who were about to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy were divided into 3 groups. After cholecystectomy, a total of 40 mL of 3.75% ropivacaine was administered preincisionally and intraperitoneally to patients in group 1 (n=14); preincisionally and intraperitoneally to patients in group 2 (n=17); and intraperitoneally and locally at incision sites to patients in group 3 (n=14). Blood levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine were examined preoperatively, 15 min after insufflation, and at the end of the operation. Visual analog pain scale scores and analgesic requirements were used for 24-h postoperative follow-up of pain levels reported by patients. No statistically significant difference was found among the 3 groups with respect to visual analog pain scale scores, total analgesic requirements, and accompanying pain, nausea, and vomiting. The earliest analgesic requirements were seen in group 2 (P < .005), and less shoulder pain was noted in group 3 (P < .005). Norepinephrine and epinephrine levels showed no statistically significant differences between the 3 groups. Administration of ropivacaine preoperatively and postoperatively for laparoscopic cholecystectomy has similar effects on postoperative pain and the stress response of patients.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除联合胆总管切开胆道镜取石T管引流术治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石的临床效果

目的 分析腹腔镜胆囊切除联合胆总管切开胆道镜取石T管引流术治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石的临床效果。方法选取2016年2月至2020年6月我院接收的120例胆囊结石并胆总管结石的患者作为研究对象,根据手术方式的不同分将其为对照组（60例,开腹胆囊切除+胆总管切开胆道镜取石T管引流术）和观察组（60例,腹腔镜胆囊切除+胆总管切开胆道镜取石T管引流术）。比较两组的手术相关指标、术后并发症发生情况、血清相关指标（TBIL、ALT、ALP、GGT、Na+）及生活质量评分。结果 观察组的手术时间长于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,腹腔引流时间、肠道功能恢复时间以及住院时间短于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组的术后并发症总发生率为6.67%,显著低于对照组的21.67%,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后,两组的血清TBIL、ALT、ALP、GGT及Na+水平均较术前显著降低,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。术后,两组的GIQLI评分均较术前显著升高,且观察组高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 腹腔镜胆囊切除联合胆总管切开胆道镜取石T管...     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对急性结石性胆囊炎患者炎症反应、免疫功能及近期生活质量的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术对急性结石性胆囊炎患者炎症反应、免疫功能及近期生活质量的影响。方法回顾性分析2017年6月至2019年5月于我院普外科接受开腹胆囊切除术(对照组,40例)与腹腔镜胆囊切除术(观察组,40例)的急性结石性胆囊炎患者的临床资料。比较两组的治疗效果。结果观察组的手术时间短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组(P<0.05)。术后12、24、36、48 h,观察组的VAS评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后第1~3天,观察组的C反应蛋白、白细胞介素-6水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后,观察组的CD3+、CD4+/CD8+均高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的术后并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的生理领域、心理领域、环境领域、社会关系领域评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术用于急性结石性胆囊炎患者中具有微创性的优点,可切实减少术中出血量,减轻术后疼痛感和炎症反应,保护免疫功能,有利于减少术后并发症的发生,提高近期生活质量。     

胆囊并发胆总管结石患者的微创外科治疗研究

目的探究胆囊并发胆总管结石患者的微创外科治疗。方法选取2013年1月-2018年1月该院收治的92例胆囊并发胆总管结石患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(n=46)和观察组(n=46)。两组患者中存在胰腺炎的患者先行控制腹膜炎,对照组患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)联合胆总管探查取石术(LCBDE),观察组患者行十二指肠乳头括约肌切开取石术(EST),术后3 d行LC治疗。比较两组患者围术期情况、费用情况和并发症情况。结果两组患者均未出现中转开腹手术情况,观察组患者的手术时间、止痛药使用率、住院时间均低于对照组患者,耗材费用和住院总费用多于对照组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者的术中出血量、术后排气时间和手术费用比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者各项并发症总发生率为6.51%低于对照组患者的19.53%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胆囊并发胆总管结石患者控制腹膜炎后行EST+LC治疗较LC+LCBDE治疗能够缩短手术时间,减轻术后疼痛,降低并发症发生率,缩短住院时间,但所需费用较高。     

老年人腹腔镜与剖腹胆囊切除术临床分析

目的比较老年人胆囊良性疾病行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）与剖腹胆囊切除术（OC）的临床效果。方法对120例60岁以上的老年病人行LC,并与同期行OC的56例老年病人临床资料进行回顾性对比分析。结果两组病人均无手术死亡及严重并发症发生,LC组平均手术时间、术中出血量、肠功能恢复时间以及术后平均住院天数均较OC组低,差异有统计学意义（t分别=2．36、2．26、2．88、2．47,P均〈0．05）。结论LC创伤小、恢复快、安全可靠,疗效明显优于OC,应作为老年人胆囊良性疾病行胆囊切除术的首选术式。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者的近远期效果分析

目的分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者的近远期效果。方法选取2017年1月至2018年1月我院收治的78例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者为研究对象,采用随机数字法将其分为传统组和腹腔镜组,各39例。传统组给予开腹胆囊切除术联合胆总管切开取石术治疗,腹腔镜组给予腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗。比较两组手术前、后的疼痛缓解情况、应激反应指标、临床治疗效果、并发症发生情况及术后1年的复发率。结果手术后1个月,两组的NRS评分明显降低,且腹腔镜组明显低于传统组(P<0.05)。手术后,腹腔镜组的CRP及IL-6水平均低于传统组(P<0.05)。腹腔镜组的临床治疗总有效率为94.87%,明显高于传统组的71.79%(P<0.05)。腹腔镜组的并发症总发生率为7.69%,明显低于传统组的33.33%(P<0.05)。腹腔镜组术后1年的复发率明显低于传统组(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者的近远期效果更加显著,值得临床推广应用。     

优质护理干预对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胃肠功能及VAS评分的影响

目的探讨优质护理干预对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胃肠功能及VAS评分的影响效果。方法选取腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者70例依据随机数字法分成2组,各35例。对照组采用常规方式护理,观察组采用优质护理干预措施,对比2组患者术后胃肠功能、VAS评分及并发症情况。结果观察组患者首次肛门排气时间、肠鸣音恢复时间及首次肛门排便时间均优于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者术后24、48、72 h的VAS评分均低于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后并发症发生率为5.7%,低于对照组的25.7%(P0.05)。结论在腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者中应用优质护理干预效果较好,可明显减轻患者疼痛感,改善术后胃肠道功能,减少并发症发生,促进早日康复,值得推广应用。     

老年人腹腔镜胆囊切除术临床分析

目的探讨老年人(≥60岁)胆囊良性疾病腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的临床特点。方法回顾性分析该院2000年8月￣2004年9月76例老年人胆囊切除术,其中腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)组40例,剖腹胆囊切除术(OC)组36例。结果老年人LC组平均手术时间、术后平均住院时间和术后感染并发症均明显低于OC组,两组比较差异有显著性。结论老年人胆囊切除术更适应用LC治疗。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的疗效分析

目的:评价经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术(trans-umbilical single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy,TUSPLC)的安全性和适用性。方法:将56例胆囊结石或胆囊息肉患者分为两组,一组患者行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术(TUSPLC组,n=24),另一组患者行传统四孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC组,n=32)。比较两种术式的手术中转率、手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院天数及术后并发症发生率。结果:TUSPLC组平均手术时间长于LC组[(56.08±2.72)min比(18.13±0.73)min,P<0.01]。TUSPLC组和LC组的手术中转率、术中出血量、术后住院天数及术后并发症发生率比较差异均无统计学意义[手术中转率:12.5%比0%,P=0.07;术中出血量:(18.75±1.84)mL比(14.84±1.26)mL,P>0.05;术后住院天数:(3.04±0.16)d比(2.66±0.12)d,P>0.05;术后并发症发生率:4.17%比0%,P=0.43)。TUSPLC组患者术后切口疼痛感较轻,且美容效果优于LC组。结论:TUSPLC的安全性与传统的腹腔镜手术无显著差异,但前者在减少创伤、减轻疼痛和美观方面更具优势。