冠状动脉旁路移植术中移植物桡动脉的制备技巧与早期结果

目的　探讨以移植物桡动脉作旁路移植物的冠状动脉旁路移植术中 ,桡动脉的制备技巧和早期结果。　方法　冠状动脉旁路移植患者 71例。术前以改良Allen试验评判桡、尺动脉通畅性。术中上肢外展 70°～ 80° ,肘窝以远 3cm至腕关节线内 2cm弧线形皮肤切口 ,将桡动脉连同伴行静脉和脂肪组织一并游离。分支以钛夹 (hemoclip)夹闭 ,于二夹之间剪断。严格避免夹镊桡动脉本身并尽量不用电灼。离断后腔内注入肝素化罂粟碱液并置于该液中备用。共制取桡动脉 72支 ,移植血管 79支。远端多吻合至后降支及钝缘支 ,近端均吻合至主动脉。术后常规应用钙阻滞剂 6个月。　结果　术后死亡 1例 ,病死率 1 4% ,死因与桡动脉无关。其余患者心绞痛消失 ,心功能显著改善。无筋膜室综合征或手臂缺血发生 ,未见围手术期心肌梗死。　结论　应用桡动脉行冠状动脉旁路移植术 ,简便、安全 ,手术效果好。严格的“免触”制备技术和术后应用钙通道阻滞剂是保证桡动脉良好功能的关键     

桡动脉在65岁以上老年患者冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用效果

目的 探讨桡动脉在65岁以上老年患者冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)中的应用效果.方法 2000年1月至2007年3月利用桡动脉对322例65岁以上老年冠状动脉心脏病患者实施CABG,观察围手术期情况和术后远期效果.结果 共取桡动脉344支,300例患者取单侧桡动脉,22例患者取双侧桡动脉.322例CABG中,远端吻合口共有974个,平均每例远端吻合口(3.0±0.4)个,平均每例桡动脉远端吻合口(1.1±0.4)个.桡动脉桥单纯端侧吻合321次,序贯吻合7次,利用桡动脉行T型桥或Y型桥16次.桡动脉近端直接吻合于主动脉328次,吻合于左胸廓内动脉9次,吻合于大隐静脉7次.桡动脉远端吻合于右冠状动脉系统234次,钝缘支95次,对角支/中间支22次.仅13例桡动脉取材处出现一过性感觉异常.围手术期无心肌梗死发生.住院期间7例患者(2.2%)死亡.平均随访(46.5±6.7)个月(12～81个月),患者全部存活.73例患者术后复查冠状动脉造影,复查时间为术后(47.5±11.2)个月(22-73个月),结果示桡动脉桥均通畅.结论 在老年CABG患者中选用桡动脉是安全有效的.     

桡动脉在全动脉化冠脉搭桥术中的临床应用

目的探讨桡动脉在全动脉化冠脉搭桥术中的临床应用效果。方法22例患者采用乳内动脉和桡动脉行全动脉化冠脉搭桥手术，“不接触血管技术”游离桡动脉，与冠状动脉对角支、钝缘支、前降支、右冠状动脉等单独或序贯吻合，共搭桥31支。术后应用钙通道阻滞剂防止桡动脉痉挛。结果22例手术均顺利完成，痊愈出院，无围术期心肌梗塞，术后心肌缺血改善，无手部缺血并发症。随访2月～3年，无心绞痛复发，手部功能正常。结论桡动脉作为血管桥材料在全动脉化冠脉搭桥术中应用效果良好。     

体外循环下左乳内动脉、桡动脉“T型”吻合行左心全动脉化的临床分析

目的研究体外循环下左乳内动脉、桡动脉"T型"吻合行左心室全动脉化的冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2013年12月至2015年12月我院心外科40例行体外循环下左乳内动脉、桡动脉"T型"吻合行左心室全动脉化的冠状动脉旁路移植术患者的临床资料,男27例、女13例,年龄46~70(55.0±10.2)岁。采用冠状动脉血流测量仪分别测量左乳内动脉原位状态及术后左乳内动脉主干血流量情况,分别检测患者术前及术后24 h血清中血肌钙蛋白I(c Tn I)的浓度,观察患者术后并发症发生情况。结果术后左乳内动脉主干血量明显高于术前左乳内动脉原位状态血量,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后24 h患者血清中血肌钙蛋白I的浓度略高于术前,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。全组患者无死亡,术后早期发生快速心房颤动2例,术后低心排血量1例,经治疗后全部好转,无围术期心肌梗塞、无神经系统并发症,桡动脉切口无并发症。随访6个月至1年,无心源性并发症,无心绞痛复发。25例患者术后1年时随访行冠状动脉CTA检查桥血管通畅率,动脉桥通畅率96.0%,右冠状动脉静脉桥血管通畅率为90.4%。结论体外循环下左乳内动脉、桡动脉T型吻合行左心室全动脉化的冠状动脉旁路移植术有良好的临床效果。     

不接触获取大隐静脉技术在冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用

目的总结不接触获取大隐静脉在冠状动脉旁路移植术中的使用体会和近期效果。方法回顾性分析54例使用不接触获取大隐静脉血管桥进行冠状动脉旁路移植术患者的临床资料及随访资料。结果大隐静脉作为单支桥吻合前降支1例,吻合第一对角支2例,吻合后降支3例,作为序贯桥吻合回旋支和(或)右冠50例。搭桥数目2~5支,平均3.20支。术后腿部切口顺利愈合,无再发心肌梗死,无死亡病例。出院后随访1~13个月,无死亡或心脏性事件。结论不接触技术获取的大隐静脉在冠状动脉旁路移植术中具有良好的早期效果,可以安全使用。     

左胸前外侧小切口不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术26例

目的探讨左胸前外侧小切口不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术的效果.方法26例单支或2支血管病变经左胸前外侧小切口进胸,其中14例直视下游离乳内动脉,12例在胸腔镜辅助下游离,肝素化后切开心包,显露病变的靶血管,心脏跳动下行冠状动脉旁路移植术.结果26例手术顺利完成,22例旁路移植1支,4例旁路移植2支(1例行序贯吻合,3例桡动脉与乳内动脉行"Y"形吻合).术后无死亡及严重并发症.26例随访3个月～3年,平均16.8月,无心绞痛复发,心功能Ⅰ级18例,Ⅱ级8例.结论左前外侧小切口不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术主要适用于前降支单支病变者,对于合并高危因素,不宜行常规冠状动脉旁路移植的多支血管病变病人亦适用.     

胸骨下段小切口行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的探讨胸骨下段小切口在非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中应用的效果。方法回顾性分析2012年6月至2014年12月前降支单支病变的冠心病患者行胸骨下段小切口非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术19例的临床资料,其中男11例、女8例,年龄59.6(44～68)岁。所有患者均游离左乳内动脉与前降支吻合,其中1例因术中探查见第一对角支近端明显粥样斑块且对角支粗大,遂向上延长切口,全胸骨打开,游离大隐静脉行对角支搭桥,近端吻合于升主动脉,术后1、3、6、12个月进行随访。结果其中1例术中转为常规胸骨正中切口手术,其余18例手术胸骨下段小切口完成,术中血流动力学稳定,无围术期急性心肌梗死及死亡病例,无乳内动脉损伤、无吻合口漏血及恶性心律失常发生,无大出血、二次开胸止血及切口感染等并发症出现,术后住院4～6 d,监护室入住时间、呼吸机辅助通气时间及住院费用均较常规开胸手术明显降低,术后随访期间无心绞痛复发病例。结论胸骨下段小切口行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术,创伤较小,安全可靠;而且是一种操作相对简单,容易掌握及可灵活应变的小切口微创手术,尤其适合于初学小切口冠状动脉旁路移植术术者。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术153例体会

目的　探讨非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术无手术死亡的治疗体会。方法　回顾性分析近 4年来 15 3例非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床资料。结果　全组无手术死亡。平均搭桥 3 .1支 ,无围手术期心肌梗死、呼吸衰竭、肝肾功能衰竭等并发症 ,92 %患者术后 4～ 6h拔除气管内插管 ,5 6%患者未输血 ,术后心绞痛均消失。结论　非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术安全、有效 ,术后并发症少 ,正确掌握其手术适应证、手术配合、手术技巧和围手术期处理 ,是确保手术疗效的关键。     

用于冠状动脉旁路移植术的桡动脉采集方法

冠状动脉旁路移植术围术期采用钙通道阻滞剂、微创解剖桡动脉、并保留周围血管鞘组织 ,可使桡动脉桥长期通畅率得到改善。 2 0 0 1年 3月至 12月底 ,我们采用此方法采集桡动脉 ,连续为 15 2例病人进行冠状动脉旁路移植术 ,均获得良好临床效果。临床资料　全组中男 117例 ,女 35例 ;年龄 35～ 78岁。其中高血压 88例 ,糖尿病 33例 ,血脂异常 6 8例 ,瓣膜病变 4例。稳定型心绞痛 74例 ,不稳定型心绞痛 78例。 80例已发生心肌梗死 ,其中 6例室壁瘤形成。左心室射血分数 (ＥＦ) >0 6者 4 3例 ,0 4～ 0 6者 5 1例。<0 4者 5 8例 ,其中 16例 <…     

经左胸前外侧小切口冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的 评价经左胸前外侧小切口冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床疗效及远期随访结果.方法 2002年1月至2006年10月,38例单支或多支冠状动脉病变患者经左胸前外侧小切口进胸,直视下或胸腔镜辅助下,完成非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术.其中男性25例.女性13例;年龄38～78岁,平均(63.3±11.1)岁.结果 38例手术均顺利完成.20例行单纯旁路移植1支;10例先行支架植入,后行胸廓内动脉至前降支端侧吻合,其中2例行胸廓内动脉与第一对角支、前降支序贯吻合;8例行旁路移植2支,其中3例为序贯吻合,5例应用桡动脉行"Y"形吻合.术后无死亡及严重并发症.37例患者获得26～82个月随访,平均(53.2±28.5)个月;无晚期死亡,无再发心肌梗死.心功能Ⅰ级26例,Ⅱ级12例.3例心绞痛复发,2例经药物控制后症状缓解,1例经造影证实吻合口狭窄于术后2年行支架植入.结论 左前外侧小切口非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术具有较低的病死率和心脏不良事件发生率,远期结果良好.     

Accessory left hepatic artery arising from common hepatic artery

The knowledge of anatomical variations in hepatic artery are of importance to surgeons and radiologists while performing complicated procedures like liver transplantation and transarterial chemo-embolization for hepatic tumors. The incidence of accessory left hepatic artery is less common than the right accessory hepatic artery. Here we report an anomalous accessory left hepatic artery arising from common hepatic artery in a 55 year old male cadaver.     

锁骨下动脉、腋动脉、肱动脉血管广泛血栓形成1例

1病例资料患者,男,44岁。右上肢肿胀刺痛1个月加重伴手指麻木发凉5d,于2007年12月13日18：00急诊入院。患者自述于1个月前出现右侧手指指尖麻木,近5d右上肢麻木、胀痛明显加重,自测不到脉搏,右上肢皮肤苍白,皮温低,呈持续性,伴胸闷、气短、大汗。心电图：窦性心率（正常心电图）;右上肢血管超声：右侧锁骨下动脉下段、腋动脉、肱动脉血管闭塞（完全性血栓形成）;血压16／10kPa;血糖正常。以“左上肢动脉栓塞”收住入院。患者既往有小儿麻痹症病史,右下肢发育短小、无力,长期扶双拐行走;常伴有右上肢苍白,皮肤发凉,肱动脉、桡动脉、尺动脉脉搏测不到。     

Mycotic pulmonary artery aneurysm following pulmonary artery banding

A neonate with situs inversus, transposition of the great arteries, ventricular septal defect, cross-crossventricles and hypoplastic right ventricle underwent pulmonary artery banding at the age of 7 days. The course was complicated by septicaemia and subsequently the development of an aneurysm of the pulmonary artery. Serratia marcessans was grown from the band site. The pulmonary artery aneurysm was resected and the pulmonary artery was repaired. The literature is reviewed with the emphasis on diagnosis, natural history and surgical management.     

冠状动脉硬化性心脏病合并左锁骨下动脉严重狭窄非体外循环下同期手术的临床经验

目的探讨非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植同时主动脉-锁骨下动脉旁路治疗冠状动脉硬化性心脏病(冠心病)合并锁骨下动脉重度狭窄的手术方法及效果.方法2003年1月～2004年5月,我院治疗须行冠状动脉旁路移植术同时合并左锁骨下动脉近端重度狭窄3例,术中先行主动脉-锁骨下动脉旁路,左乳内动脉获得满意的流量后,再行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植.结果手术时间210～340 min,平均283 min,出血量570～1 630 ml,平均963 ml.游离左乳内动脉后量杯测流量均＜5 ml/min,主动脉-锁骨下动脉旁路后量杯测流量均＞50 ml/min,乳内动脉远端与前降支吻合后流量仪测流量12～27 ml/min,平均20 ml/min.术后临床症状缓解,未发现冠脉-锁骨下动脉窃血综合征.3例随访3～6个月,平均5个月,无心绞痛发作.结论非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植同时主动脉-锁骨下动脉旁路手术是治疗冠心病合并锁骨下动脉重度狭窄简单而有效的方法.     

Proximal superficial temporal artery to proximal middle cerebral artery bypass using a radial artery graft: an anatomic approach

We present the use of radial artery graft for bypass of the proximal superficial temporal artery to the proximal middle cerebral artery. Six adult cadaver sites were used bilaterally. After apterional incision, 2×2-cm minicraniectomy was performed which began 2 cm behind the zygomatic process of the frontal bone. The superficial temporal artery was transsected before exposing the zygomatico-orbital artery branch. The proximal side of the radial artery graft was anastomosed end-to-end to the proximal superficial temporal artery and the distal side end-to-side to the proximal middle cerebral artery. The mean calibers of the proximal superficial temporal artery and largest trunk of the middle cerebral artery were 2.25±0.35 mm and 2.3±0.3 mm, respectively. The average graft length was 85±5.5 mm. We conclude that such bypasses are simpler than proximal middle cerebral artery revascularization using long vein grafts. This method proves that the caliber of the proximal superficial temporal artery is more suited to providing sufficient flow than the distal superficial temporal artery, and the graft is short. Such bypasses to the middle cerebral artery may be an alternative to those from the distal superficial temporal artery or extracranial carotid artery.     

Anatomic eligibility for transcarotid artery revascularization and transfemoral carotid artery stenting

ObjectiveTranscarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) has emerged as an alternative to transfemoral carotid artery stenting (tfCAS). We investigated the proportion of carotid arteries undergoing revascularization procedures that would be eligible for TCAR based on anatomic criteria and how many arteries at high anatomic risk for tfCAS would be amenable to TCAR.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy or carotid stenting between 2012 and 2015. Patients were excluded if computed tomography angiography of the neck was not performed within 6 months of the procedure. We assessed TCAR eligibility on the basis of the instructions for use of the ENROUTE Transcarotid Neuroprotection System (Silk Road Medical, Sunnyvale, Calif) and high anatomic risk for tfCAS on the basis of anatomic factors known to make carotid cannulation more difficult or hazardous.ResultsOf the 118 patients and 236 carotid arteries identified, 12 carotid arteries were excluded for presence of an occluded internal carotid artery (ICA). Of the remaining 224 carotid arteries, 72% were eligible for TCAR on the basis of the instructions for use criteria; 100% had 4- to 9-mm ICA diameters, 100% had ≥6-mm common carotid artery (CCA) diameter, 75% had ≥5-cm clavicle to carotid bifurcation distance, and 96% lacked significant CCA puncture site plaque. In addition, 7% of carotid arteries had bifurcation anatomy unfavorable for stenting; thus, of the entire cohort of arteries examined, 68% were eligible for TCAR. Hyperlipidemia (odds ratio [OR], 6.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-26; P < .01), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.5-8.3; P < .01), and older age (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0-1.1; P < .01) were independently associated with TCAR ineligibility, whereas white race (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.0-1.0; P = .048) and beta-blocker use (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.7; P < .01) were independently associated with TCAR eligibility. In addition, 24% of carotid arteries were considered to be at high risk for tfCAS for the presence of a type III aortic arch (7.6%), severe aortic calcification (3.3%), tandem CCA lesions (7.1%), moderate to severe stenosis at the carotid ostium (8.9%), and tortuous distal ICA precluding embolic filter placement (4.5%). Active smoking (OR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.9-10; P < .01), hyperlipidemia (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.2-14; P = .03), and older age (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0-1.1; P = .02) were independently associated with tfCAS ineligibility, whereas preoperative aspirin (OR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.0-0.4; P < .001) or clopidogrel (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.8; P = .01) use was associated with tfCAS eligibility. Of the arteries that were considered to be at high risk for tfCAS, 69% were eligible for TCAR.ConclusionsThe majority of carotid arteries in individuals selected for revascularization meet TCAR eligibility, making TCAR a viable treatment option for many patients.     

肾移植术中采用供肾动脉与髂外动脉吻合的体会

对２７例髂内动脉有严重动脉粥样硬化的肾移植受者实施供肾动脉与受者髂外动脉端侧吻合术，术后除有３例患者因环孢素用量过大使移植肾功能恢复略延迟外，其它２４例患者均于术后４天内肾功能恢复正常，且无一例外科并发症。认为该术式可作为髂内动脉情况异常的一种弥补方法，但不宜作为常规术式。     

Coronary artery and graft spasm after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

We report a case of a 52-year-old man with severe coronary artery and graft spasm after triple-vessel off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Emergent coronary angiography was performed to identify the location and severity of the spasm. Intracoronary injections of several vasodilators failed to relieve the spasm. Observational treatments including intra-aortic balloon pump and inotropic drugs to increase coronary flow were performed until the spasm resolved. The patient recovered and was discharged. A follow-up coronary angiography revealed patent native coronary artery and bypass grafts without evidence of residual spasm.     

乳内动脉-冠状动脉旁路移植术53例

作者对１９９４年１月～１９９６年１２月本院所作的５３例乳内动脉（ＩＭＡ）－冠状动脉旁路移植术进行了总结。全部患者均为经内科治疗效果不满意者。其中４４例发生过一次以上的心肌梗塞；１６例合并室壁瘤形成。除１例为非体外循环行单纯左ＩＭＡ与左前降支吻合外，其余均行左ＩＭＡ吻合前降支及大隐静脉序惯“蛇形”桥。全组平均做冠脉吻合口４．２８支。同期左室室壁瘤切除４例。手术死亡４例。３５例随访６个月～１年半，其中３０例症状消失，５例症状减轻，活动量增加。随访结果提示，ＩＭＡ冠脉旁路移植术可取得满意疗效。作者还对ＩＭＡ冠脉旁路移植术的技术要点、适应证等进行了讨论。     

对比经远端桡动脉与肱动脉入路支架成形术治疗髂动脉慢性闭塞症的有效性及安全性

目的 对比经远端桡动脉入路与肱动脉入路支架成形术治疗髂动脉慢性闭塞症的有效性及安全性。方法 回顾性分析70例接受经左侧桡动脉远端入路（A组）与72例经左侧肱动脉入路（B组）支架成形术治疗髂动脉慢性闭塞症患者,其中B组18例因穿刺左侧桡动脉远端失败而改为穿刺左侧肱动脉;观察2种方法穿刺成功率、2组髂动脉开通成功率和穿刺并发症发生率。结果 穿刺桡动脉远端成功率为79.55%（70/88）,穿刺肱动脉成功率为100%（72/72）。髂动脉顺行开通成功率[78.57%（55/70）vs.80.56%（58/72）,<χ²=3.67,P=0.09]及总体开通成功率[94.29%（66/70）vs.95.83%（69/72）,χ²=2.34,P=0.10]组间差异均无统计学意义。A组穿刺并发症发生率低于B组[5.71%（4/70）vs.13.89%（10/72）,<χ²=3.24,P=0.02]。结论 相比经肱动脉入路,经远端桡动脉穿刺入路腔内支架成形术治疗髂动脉慢性闭塞症更为安全,而开通成功率相当。