腹腔镜保留十二指肠胰头切除术4例报告

目的 总结腹腔镜保留十二指肠胰头切除术的经验。 方法 回顾性分析2016年4-5月浙江省人民医院肝胆胰外科4例行腹腔镜保留十二指肠的胰头切除术病人的临床资料。 结果 4例病人顺利完成手术。手术时间280～450 min,术中出血250～600 mL,术后并发A级胰瘘3例,无其他并发症。术后住院时间10~22 d。术后病理学检查结果显示胰头部浆液性囊腺瘤2例,导管内分支型乳头状黏液瘤1例,神经内分泌肿瘤1例。结论 腹腔镜保留十二指肠的胰头切除术治疗胰头部良性或低度恶性病变安全,有效、微创,值得临床推广应用。     

改良保留十二指肠之胰头全切除术10例临床分析

目的：总结改良保留十二指肠之胰头全切除术（DPTPHR）治疗胰头部良性或低度恶性病变的诊治经验。方法：对2005年6月至2009年5月间10例行改良DPTPHR病人的资料作回顾性分析。结果：全组中男3例,女7例,平均年龄52岁,手术时间平均340min,术中失血量平均485mL。术后诊断包括导管内乳头状黏液瘤、实性假乳头状瘤、胰岛素瘤、动静脉畸形各1例,浆液性囊腺瘤、神经内分泌瘤、胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎各2例。全组中,术后发生感染、并发大出血1例,胰瘘4例,反复呕吐1例;未发生胆瘘或十二指肠缺血。随访8～56个月,无死亡病例,无肿瘤复发。结论：改良的DPTPHR是治疗胰头部良性或低度恶性病变的较安全的术式之一。     

胰头占位性病变的诊断与治疗

目的 总结胰头占位性病变的诊断与治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2014年4月中国医科大学附属第一医院收治的247例胰头占位性病变患者的临床资料.术前均行胰腺增强CT和(或)胰腺MRI等影像学检查.血清学检查包括AFP、CA19-9、CA125、CEA,对于怀疑自身免疫性胰腺炎的患者检查血清IgG4.临床诊断为胰头癌、胰头肿块、肿块型胰腺炎的患者行术中病理学检查.胰头癌根据肿瘤的分期及浸润程度选择胰十二指肠切除术、扩大的胰十二指肠切除术或胆肠吻合和(或)胃肠吻合术.肿块型慢性胰腺炎在患者及家属充分了解并同意的前提下选择行保留十二指肠的胰头切除术或胰十二指肠切除术.胰腺良性及低度恶性肿瘤应在肿瘤完整切除的基础上尽量保留肿瘤周围的组织和器官,行个体化治疗.结果 胰头实性占位性病变194例,其中胰头癌125例、胰头肿块45例、肿块型慢性胰腺炎9例、自身免疫性胰腺炎11例,胰岛素瘤4例;胰头囊性占位性病变53例,其中黏液性囊腺瘤12例、浆液性囊腺瘤8例、胰腺囊肿17例、实性假乳头状瘤12例、导管内乳头状黏液瘤4例.病理学检查确诊胰腺癌的71例患者术前肿瘤系列检查阳性率分别为:AFP为7.0％ (5/71)、CA19-9为94.4％ (67/71)、CA125为42.3％(30/71)、CEA为0.12例肿块型慢性胰腺炎肿瘤系列检查阳性率分别为:AFP为1/12、CA19-9为4/12、CA125为1/12、CEA为0.119例患者进行手术治疗获得病理学诊断,其中胰头癌71例、肿块型慢性胰腺炎7例、胰岛素瘤4例、胰腺结核1例,黏液性囊腺瘤8例、浆液性囊腺瘤4例、胰腺假性囊肿6例、巨大淋巴管瘤1例、淋巴上皮囊肿1例、实性假乳头状瘤12例、导管内乳头状黏液瘤4例.247例胰头占位性病变患者中,61例行胰十二指肠切除术,4例行保留十二指肠的胰头切除术,4例行胰头、胰颈部切除术,2例行钩突部分切除术,9例行肿瘤摘除术,38例行胆肠吻合和(或)胃肠吻合术,22例行ERCP+内支架治疗,18例行PTCD+内支架治疗,1例行剖腹探查,88例未行治疗.结论 胰头占位性病变的临床诊断及鉴别诊断主要依靠病史、临床表现、实验室检查及超声、CT、MRI检查.根据肿瘤性质、疾病种类个体化制订手术方案,对胰头良性及低度恶性的肿瘤应行个体化治疗,在肿瘤完整切除的基础上尽量保留肿瘤周围的组织和器官,术中病理学诊断有利于手术方案的选择.     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊治分析

目的 探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的合理手术方式及术后并发症的处理.方法 对1997年1月至2009年12月收治的32例胰腺囊性肿瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,男性6例,女性26例,年龄24～76岁.胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤16例;胰腺黏液性囊腺瘤9例,其中1例为黏液性囊腺癌;胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤4例;胰腺实性假乳头状瘤3例.肿瘤位于胰头颈部12例,位于胰体尾部20例.结果 所有患者均经手术治疗,无围手术期死亡;10例行胰十二指肠切除术、1例行保留十二指肠胰头切除术、13例行胰体尾切除术(其中2例行腹腔镜下胰体尾切除术)、3例行胰腺肿瘤摘除术、4例行胰腺中段切除术;1例囊腺癌患者仅行姑息手术.术后发生胃瘫3例、胰瘘5例,均经保守治疗痊愈.全组29例患者获得随访,随访时间4个月～10年,3例患者于术后4～34个月分别死于癌转移或其他疾病,其余26例患者均存活,且未发现肿瘤复发或转移.结论 胰腺囊性肿瘤术前应首选无创的CT检查,及时手术探查是防止肿瘤癌变的重要手段;具体的手术方式选择应按个体化原则,并应遵循损伤控制性手术原则;保留器官的手术方式更要重视术后胃瘫、胰瘘等并发症的处理.     

保留十二指肠胰头切除术的适应证及术式选择:附22例报告

目的探讨保留十二指肠胰头切除术（DPPHR）的适应证及具体术式的选择指征。方法回顾性分析我中心2001年1月至2006年1月实施的22例DPPHR术患者的临床资料,其中黏液性囊腺瘤8例,黏液性囊腺癌2例,实性-假乳头状瘤4例,神经内分泌肿瘤2例,慢性胰腺炎4例（伴胰头肿块2例,伴多发结石2例）,淋巴上皮囊肿1例,浆液性囊腺瘤1例。探讨DPPHR术式的适应证、手术方式的选择及术后并发症的防治。结果患者手术死亡0例,术后发生胰瘘3例,胆瘘1例,腹腔感染1例,十二指肠瘘2例。结论DPPHR术保留了胃、十二指肠及胆道的连续性,手术安全性好,降低了手术创伤和切除范围,可作为胰头颈部良性和低度恶性肿块局限性切除的术式。     

胰头下部切除术5例临床分析

目的探讨胰头下部切除术的手术技巧及临床应用。方法回顾性分析2014年4月至2016年5月上海交通大学附属第六人民医院5例行胰头下部切除术病人临床资料。结果 5例病人术后病理学检查报告提示1例胰岛素瘤、1例胰腺实性假乳头状瘤和3例胰腺导管内乳头状瘤。术后发生A级胰瘘2例、B级胰瘘2例,合并腹腔内出血1例,胃排空障碍2例,没有胆瘘和术后急性胰腺炎发生。结论胰头下部切除术适用于胰头良性或低度恶性肿瘤,且具有保留更多胰腺组织和损伤小的优点。     

保留器官的胰腺切除术治疗胰腺良性或低度恶性肿瘤：单中心66例报告

目的:探讨保留器官的胰腺切除术治疗胰腺良性或低度恶性肿瘤的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析南昌大学第一附属医院普通外科2009年1月—2016年12月间66例胰腺良性或低度恶性肿瘤施行保留器官的胰腺切除术患者的临床资料。其中胰岛素瘤34例,实性假乳头状瘤16例,浆液性囊腺瘤9例,导管内乳头状黏液瘤4例,无功能性神经内分泌肿瘤、副神经节瘤和黏液性囊腺瘤各1例;肿瘤局部切除术34例,中段胰腺切除术10例,保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术13例,保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术6例,保留十二指肠的胰头切除术3例。结果:平均手术时间为(163.6±77.4)min,平均术中出血量为(234.4±242.7)mL,平均术后住院时间为(11.3±8.1)d。总体腹部并发症、残胰生化漏、B/C级胰瘘、腹腔内感染、胃排空延迟和腹腔内出血发生率分别为36.4%、15.2%、10.6%、6.1%、3.0%和1.5%。无再手术和手术相关死亡。术后平均随访(47.2±25.6)个月,新发糖尿病和需胰酶替代治疗发生率分别为3.1%(排除34例胰岛素瘤患者)和1.5%,无肿瘤复发和转移。结论:保留器官的胰腺切除术能最大程度保留胰腺实质和周围脏器,避免胰腺的内外分泌或脾脏功能的过度丧失,可作为胰腺良性或低度恶性肿瘤的首选术式。     

肿块型胰头良性病变38例诊治体会

目的 探讨肿块型胰头良性病变的诊断及治疗方法.方法 对我科在2003年1月至2010年6月期间收治的38例胰头肿块型良性病变的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 本组38例患者主要症状为上腹痛(86.8%)和黄疸(31.6%).术前均行B超(检出率92.1%)、CT(检出率100%)检查,部分患者行ERCP(8例)和PTC(7例),检出率100%.本组患者共行胰腺局部切除术27例,胰十二指肠切除术11例,术后病理诊断:肿块型慢性胰腺炎18例,黏液性囊腺瘤4例,浆液性囊腺瘤8例,胰腺导管乳头状瘤5例,胰岛素瘤3例.本组术后6例发生胰瘘(15.8%),1例发生伤口感染(2.6%),1例皮下出血(2.6%).平均住院时间(13.4±5.8)d.结论 肿块型胰头良性病变的诊断主要依靠症状、病史、体征以及影像学检查等综合考虑.治疗宜行胰腺局部切除术或者胰十二指肠切除术,效果明显.     

脏器保留原则下胰腺良性肿瘤的外科治疗

目的 总结遵从脏器保留原则对胰腺良性肿瘤的治疗价值.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2012年1月我院收治的77例患者的临床资料.比较传统胰腺肿瘤手术即胰十二指肠切除术、胰体尾加脾切除术(简称传统手术组,共24例)与遵从脏器保留原则手术(简称脏器保留原则组,共53例)两组患者的手术效果.结果 脏器保留原则组手术方式包括胰腺肿物摘除术、节段性胰腺切除术、保留十二指肠胰头切除及保留脾脏胰体尾切除术.病理诊断:胰岛素瘤30例,黏液性囊腺瘤16例,浆液性囊腺瘤10例,导管内乳头状黏液瘤17例,实性假乳头状瘤3例,导管内腺瘤样增生1例.胰漏发生率,传统手术组5例(20.8％)和脏器保留原则组9例(17.0％),两组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).相应两组术后新发糖尿病及原有糖尿病加重分别为20.8％、20.0％和13.2％、30.0％,两组相比差异无统计学意义(P=0.485,P=1.000).结论 脏器保留原则指导下胰腺切除术对于胰腺良性肿瘤是一种安全、有效的术式.此原则指导下手术能最大限度地保留胰腺实质,避免胰腺的内外分泌和脾脏功能的过度丧失.     

四种保留器官的胰腺切除术式的指征、技术和疗效

目的 探索四种保留器官的胰腺切除术式在治疗胰腺良性及低度恶性肿瘤中的疗效.方法 回顾性总结1990年1月至2010年5月施行的72例保留器官胰腺切除术的手术经验及疗效,男性24例,女性48例,年龄15～68岁,平均46岁.其中行保留十二指肠的胰头切除术(DPRHP)9例,行保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术(SPDP)29例,行胰腺中段切除术11例,行胰腺头体部巨大肿瘤摘除术23例.结果 行DPRHP的9例患者中,术后并发胰瘘、胆瘘各1例,均经保守治疗愈合.行SPDP的29例患者中,术后并发胰瘘3例,未发生迟发性脾梗死.行胰腺中段切除的11例患者中,术后合并胰肠吻合口出血1例,经手术治疗治愈.行胰腺头体部巨大肿瘤摘除术的15例非功能性胰岛细胞瘤患者中,术后并发胰瘘5例,3例于术后6、12、16个月出现肝转移;行肿瘤摘除术的8例黏液性囊腺瘤患者中,术后并发胰瘘2例.结论 保留器官的胰腺切除术可明显减轻手术创伤,疗效与传统术式相同,应作为胰腺良性或低度恶性肿瘤的首选术式.     

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??Surgical treatment of benign lesions of head of the pancreas: a report of 22 cases CHI Yong-xing, ZHOU Jian-ping, DONG Ming, et al. Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
Corresponding author: DONG Ming, E-mail:mingdong@mail.cmu.edu.cn
Abstract Objective To investigate surgical option of benign lesions of head of the pancreas. Methods The clinical data of 22 cases of benign lesions of head of the pancreas performed surgery from August 1995 to August 2009 at the First Hospital of China Medical University were analyzed. Results The pathological diagnosis included solid-pseudopapillary tumor in 5 cases, serous cystadenoma in 5 cases, mucinous cystadenoma in 4 cases, chronic pancreatitis in 3 cases, nonfunctional islet-cell tumor in 3 cases, intraductal papillary mucinous tumor in 1 case and gastrinoma in 1 case.The operation procedures included pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) in 10 cases, duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection(DPPHR) in 7 cases and enucleation in 5 cases. Pancreatic leakage was occurred in 3 out of 10 cases with PD, 1 out of 7 cases with DPPHR, and 3 out of 5 cases with enucleation. Twenty cases were followed up with 18 cases alive and 2 cases dying of unrelated diseases. Conclusion For benign lesions of head of the pancreas, DPPHR or enucleation is the reasonable surgical option.     

Serous cystadenoma of the pancreas has abnormal imaging characteristics: report of a case

Thanks to the development of image diagnosis and the spread of screening by ultrasonography, an increasing number of cystic lesions of the pancreas are being recognized. Serous cystadenoma of the pancreas is relatively rare among the cystic tumors of the pancreas in Japan. Herein, we report a case of serous cystadenoma that was difficult to diagnose. The tumor was located in the head of the pancreas, and it was indicated hypovascularity by enhanced computed tomography. These images did not indicate serous cystadenoma. After operation, we diagnosed correctly from the immunohistochemical examination. Although serous cystadenoma was believed to be in benign tumors, it has recently been revealed that serous cystadenoma has malignant potential. Therefore, serous cystadenoma that is difficult to diagnose should be completely resected.     

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??Analysis of diagnosis and treatment of 20 cases of pancreatic serous cystadenoma ZHANG Lei, WANG Ke-wei,KONG Fan-min??et al. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital,China Medical University,Shenyang 110001,China
Corresponding author:KONG Fan-min, E-mail:kong_fanmin@yahoo.com.cn
Abstract Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of serous cystadenoma of the pancreas. Methods The clinical data of 20 patients with serous cystadenoma of the pancreas which were admitted into the First Hospital of China Medical University from April 2006 to April 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Results There were 6 males (30%) and 14 females(70%).Tumors were present in the pancreatic body and tail in 15 cases,in the pancreatic head in 5 cases.The mean diameter of the tumor was 5.7cm. The clinical manifestations of upper abdominal discomfort 15 cases,abdominal pain and bloating 8 cases, including mild nausea 2 cases, jaundice 1 case. Ultrasound and CT lesion detection rate was 100%, the ultrasound localization rate 83.3%, CT 100%. All 20 patients received surgical resection. Duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection in 1 case,pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed in 4 cases, central pancreatectomy in 2 case, distal pancreatectomy with splean in 7 cases, and spleen preserving distal pancreatectomy in 6 cases. Postoperative pancreatic fistula and intra-abdominal infections developed in 5 cases,Fistula was healed by conservative therapy in all these 5 cases. No perioperative deaths, postoperative followed up from 12 to 79 months,The median survival time 39.5 months.Found no recurrence. Conclusions Ultrasound and CT was main imaging examination for serous cystadenoma of the pancreas,and Accurate early detection and positioning lesions,Surgical resection should be adopted for serous cystadenoma of the pancreas with uncertain malignancy. Surgery should be benign surgical principles, try to retain the organs, reduce surgical trauma, serous cystadenoma prognosis is good.     

Duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection in patients with benign and borderline tumors of the pancreatic head

Background: Benign tumors of the pancreas are rare, accounting for only 1–2% of primary pancreatic lesions. Up to now, partial duodenopancreatectomy is still one of the established forms of treatment of benign tumors of the pancreas. We applied duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection in 12 patients with benign pancreatic tumors to evaluate the feasibility, morbidity and recurrence rates after this less aggressive method. Methods: Between April 1984 and December 1999, 12 patients with benign and borderline tumors of the pancreatic head were operated on by duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection. Results: All five patients with serous cystadenoma are free of recurrence 4.4 years after primary resection. One of two patients with mucinous cystadenoma and one of three patients with intraductal papillary mucinous tumor developed recurrent tumor within the former pancreatic head 5 years and 6 years, respectively, after the primary operation. Both patients were resected a second time. One of two patients with gastrinoma still has elevated serum gastrin levels. There was no hospital or long-term mortality. Conclusion: For a symptomatic serous cystadenoma, duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection is a good alternative to partial duodenopancreatectomy. In borderline tumors with malignant potential, we would rather suggest a more radical duodenum-preserving segmental resection. A video clip (3 min) is attached demonstrating the basic steps of duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection. Received: 1 March 2000 Accepted: 15 March 2000     

38例胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床诊断及外科治疗

目的探讨胰腺囊腺瘤、囊腺癌的诊断和治疗方法.方法对1980年1月～2005年4月中国医科大学附属第一医院收治的38例胰腺囊腺瘤和囊腺癌患者的临床表现、检查、手术方式及预后进行了分析.结果胰腺囊腺瘤、囊腺癌主要发生在胰体尾部（79%）,女性多见（84%）,肿瘤无特异性临床表现.超声和CT是主要的影像学检查方法,本组病例超声的诊断率为66%,CT为78%,血清肿瘤标志物检查对诊断意义不大.38例胰腺囊腺瘤、囊腺癌中行胰十二指肠切除2例,保留十二指肠的胰头切除1例,胰体部分切除1例,胰体尾切除21例,肿瘤摘除8例.手术切除的28例胰腺囊腺瘤中25例获得随访,2例因其他疾病死亡,23例健在.8例胰腺囊腺癌手术切除5例,4例获得随访,3例存活.手术后胰瘘的发生率为28%.结论胰腺囊腺瘤手术切除后可以达到治愈,囊腺癌切除后也有较高的生存率.术中病理检查是术式选择的关键,对于诊断明确的良性肿瘤可行胰腺局部切除术,或行肿瘤摘除术.     

胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤18例报告

目的 探讨胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤的诊断和治疗方法.方法 对1999年10月-2010年10月中国医科大学附属第一医院收治的18例胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 18例患者中,男3例(16.7%),女15例(83.3%).肿瘤发生在胰体尾部12例(66.7%),胰头部3例(16.7%),胰颈部3例(16.7%),瘤体平均最大径6.5 cm.肿瘤无特异性临床表现,肿瘤体积越大,症状越明显.CT是主要的影像学检查方法,诊断正确率为61.1%.18例均接受手术治疗,其中胰十二指肠切除术3例,胰体尾脾切除术5例,保脾胰体尾切除术5例,胰腺中段切除术3例,肿瘤摘除术2例.10例术后发生胰瘘(55.6%),均治愈.随访6～125个月,平均48.3个月,未见复发.结论 CT是胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤主要的影像学检查方法,对伴有临床症状、难以定性的胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤应手术治疗.浆液性囊腺瘤手术切除后可治愈.     

A clinicopathologic study of 21 cases of pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma.

Cystadenocarcinomas are rare tumors of the pancreas. They are half as common as their benign counterpart--the cystadenoma. A review of 21 cases, including eight reported since 1963, revealed that most patients presented with upper abdominal pain and a large palpable upper abdominal mass. All patients had evidence of malignant degeneration occurring in a mucous cystadenoma. None had evidence of a serious cystadenoma. Grading revealed a predominance of low-grade tumors: 20 of the 21 lesions were grade 1 or 2. Cystadenocarcinomas were slightly more frequent in the head of the pancreas. Four patients had metastasis. Complete excision by distal or total pancreatectomy or Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy is recommended. The five year survival after complete excision is 68%, and for patients with grade 1 lesions, and five year survival is 64%.     

Carcinoma ex microcystic adenoma of the pancreas: a report of a novel form of malignancy in serous neoplasms

Serous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas are generally considered benign lesions. Malignant counterparts have been occasionally described, and the diagnosis of malignancy is based solely on the presence of synchronous or metachronous metastases to the lymph nodes or liver, direct tumor invasion into adjacent organs, or vascular invasion. However, these malignant serous cystic tumors are lined by benign-appearing glycogen-rich cuboidal cells, which have been morphologically indistinguishable from benign microcystic serous cystadenoma in all the cases reported so far. We report a unique case of microcystic serous cystadenoma giving rise to carcinoma with distinctive histologic features including signet ring-like cells and solid nests. We believe that this case represents the first case of a cytologically malignant neoplasm arising from a benign serous cystadenoma (carcinoma ex microcystic serous cystadenoma).     

36例胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤的临床分析

目的：探讨胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤的诊断和治疗。方法：对1998年6月至2006年9月瑞金医院收治的36例病理诊断为胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤好发于中老年女性,多见于胰腺头颈部,无特征性临床表现。B超和CT诊断囊性肿瘤的正确率分别为69%（25/36）和94%（34/36）。CT对于囊腺瘤的诊断正确率为80%（29/36）,对浆液性囊腺瘤的诊断正确率为61%（22/36）。在不能排除或考虑实性假乳头状瘤的病人中MRI对于囊腺瘤的诊断正确率80%（4/5）。本组35例行手术治疗,其中7例行胰十二指肠切除;11例行胰腺节段切除;12例行胰体尾切除;5例行局部切除,1例行剖腹探查活组织检查。10例术后出现并发症,包括胰瘘、内出血、幽门梗阻、胰腺假性囊肿合并肠瘘病人及不同程度的胸腔积液。1例因内出血死亡。本组3例失访,32例获随访,除2例因其它疾病死亡,其余均健在,术后无复发。结论：CT和MRI,结合肿瘤学指标和临床病理特征可大大提高浆液性囊腺瘤的术前诊断率。浆液性囊腺瘤是一种良性的肿瘤,但手术治疗并发症较多。大多数浆液性囊腺瘤可考虑随访;有症状的胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤,或与黏液性囊性肿瘤不能鉴别者,应手术治疗。     

Unilocular macrocystic serous cystadenoma of the pancreas: a morphologic variant to be considered

Serous cystadenoma of the pancreas is a benign cystic tumor, which radiological diagnosis is easy in its typical microcystic variant. The macrocystic variant is uncommon and raises diagnostic problems with other macrocystic lesions of the pancreas such as pseudocysts and mucinous cystadenomas. We report the case of a young woman with a unilocular macrocystic serous cystadenoma of the pancreas which was identified on pathologic examination of the surgical specimen, after unconclusive abdominal ultrasound and CT-scan. This case describes an unusual clinical presentation of this cystic tumor and emphasizes that the diagnosis of such an entity is still based on pathological examination after cyst removal.