经导管主动脉瓣植入术后抗血栓治疗中国专家共识

经导管主动脉瓣植入术(TAVI)现已成为治疗有症状重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者的有效措施,且适用人群也从老年高风险患者逐步扩展到中、低风险及较年轻患者,但其术后缺血性及出血性并发症仍不少见,并有一定的致死率和致残率。该专家共识复习了相关资料及研究进展,结合我国具体情况及国际指南,给出了TAVI术后抗血栓治疗的建议,以期提高我国TAVI术后患者生存率及生存质量,减少缺血及出血并发症。该共识从TAVI术后血栓形成及出血的危险因素和机制、缺血及出血风险评估、抗凝与抗血小板治疗的选择、抗血小板治疗的方案、抗血栓时程、瓣叶血栓及出血并发症的处理等方面进行了详尽的阐述。强调TAVI术后应综合评估患者缺血及出血事件发生的风险,方案的制定应个体化,进而改善患者预后。     

心房颤动患者经导管主动脉瓣植入术后1年随访结果

目的:探讨经导管主动脉瓣植入（TAVI）术前合并心房颤动（房颤）是否会对患者的预后产生影响。方法:本研究为单中心回顾性研究。入选2016年5月至2020年11月于北部战区总医院住院并成功接受TAVI治疗且顺利出院的重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者115例。根据入选患者是否合并房颤将其分为房颤组（21例）及非房颤组（94例）。随访纳...     

经导管Edwards-Sapien主动脉瓣植入术临床应用

经导管主动脉瓣植入术(TAVI)可用于主动脉瓣严重狭窄需换瓣但传统开胸手术风险太大而难以实施的患者,第一个前瞻性大样本多中心的TAVI临床试验PARTNER研究已经完成.该研究显示,与药物治疗相比,经股动脉或经心尖途径植入Edwards-Sapien人工主动脉瓣膜,能显著降低患者的术后1年死亡率、改善预后并提高生活质量...     

经导管主动脉瓣植入术研究现状及进展

重度主动脉瓣狭窄是老年人中发病率及病死率较高的疾病,尽管该病的首选治疗手段为手术,但高龄、左心功能不全、体质差或合并多系统严重疾病的患者不能接受手术治疗.经导管主动脉瓣植入术已成为具有手术禁忌及高风险患者的替代疗法.历经10余年的发展,众多的临床研究证实了经导管主动脉瓣植入术的安全性及有效性,欧洲心脏病学会和美国心脏病学会也都相继发布了该技术的适应证、并发症及排除标准.介入治疗经验的积累和瓣膜装置的改进都将推进经导管主动脉瓣植入术的应用.     

经导管主动脉瓣置换治疗进展

主动脉瓣狭窄(aortic stenosis,AS)是常见的成人瓣膜疾病之一,美国75岁以上人群发病率为4.6%,在美国是位于冠状动脉(冠脉)粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)和高血压病之后第3位常见心血管疾病。患者可以保持很长时间的无     

左心室导丝起搏技术在经导管主动脉瓣置换术中的应用

传统上,在进行经导管主动脉瓣置换术时,通常经外周静脉将临时起搏导线置入右心室,以满足术中起搏需要.术后常规留置临时起搏导线24 h,以应对可能出现的传导阻滞和心动过缓.该方法不仅增加手术时间,而且有穿刺部位并发症以及右心室穿孔的风险.近年来,国外很多中心采用左心室导丝起搏技术替代传统的临时起搏,现对左心室导丝起搏技术做...     

经导管主动脉瓣植入术后发生脑血管事件的研究进展

主动脉瓣狭窄是中老年人最常见的瓣膜疾病,经导管主动脉瓣植入术已成为治疗有症状的重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者的一种微创术式,极大地提高了主动脉瓣狭窄患者的生存率和生活质量。然而,脑血管事件是经导管主动脉瓣植入术后的严重并发症之一,严重影响患者预后。现对经导管主动脉瓣植入术后并发脑血管事件的机制和预防策略等进行综述,为提高经导管主动脉瓣植入术后发生脑血管事件的管理质量提供参考。     

人工生物瓣膜结构性衰败后再次行经导管主动脉瓣置换一例

主动脉瓣生物瓣膜的使用期限为8~10年。该文报道1例85岁患者,经导管主动脉瓣置换术（TAVR）后10年因生物瓣衰败行瓣中瓣TAVR手术,手术成功,患者恢复良好。     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术后的抗栓治疗策略

经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)自开展以来发展迅速,随着越来越多临床研究结果的公布,TAVR的适应证已经扩展至全风险范围主动脉瓣狭窄人群.接受TAVR治疗的患者血栓栓塞和出血事件均十分常见,这对TAVR术后的抗栓治疗提出了挑战.而此前的指南关于TAVR的抗栓治疗建议大多基于专家意见而非循证医学证据.本文将基于最近的临床...     

经导管主动脉瓣植入术后左束支起搏的临床应用初探

目的:探讨左束支区域起搏（LBBP）运用于经导管主动脉瓣植入术（TAVI）后患者的可行性和安全性。方法:本研究为回顾性研究。连续入选2018年1月至2020年12月在中国医学院科学院阜外医院接受TAVI治疗、术后置入永久起搏器的患者35例。根据心室电极放置位置,分为LBBP组（12例）和右心室心尖部起搏（RVAP）组（...     

Considerations in antithrombotic therapy among patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Aortic stenosis (AS) accounts for the majority of valvular abnormalities requiring surgical intervention. Platelet dysfunction has been demonstrated among patients with severe aortic stenosis which may predispose patients to bleeding or ischemic events. Surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the standard therapy for severe symptomatic AS; however, a number of patients have very high or prohibitive surgical risk. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been shown to be superior to medical therapy among inoperable patients and non-inferior to AVR in patients with high surgical risk. In comparison to AVR, TAVI has been associated with a higher incidence of ischemic cerebrovascular events, conduction abnormalities necessitating permanent pacemaker placement, and vascular complications. Current practice guidelines recommend dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) following TAVI using a combination of low dose aspirin and clopidogrel for 3–6 months. This regimen may be adjusted in patients with clinical bleeding events or indications for concomitant systemic anticoagulation. Recent and ongoing trials aim to clarify the optimum antithrombotic regimen and duration of therapy following TAVI. Collectively, early studies have not revealed additional benefit of adding clopidogrel to aspirin therapy in regards to reducing ischemic events, but have shown a trend towards increase in major bleeding. TAVI has proven successful, and as its breadth of utility is expanded, further studies are needed to define optimum antithrombotic therapy following TAVI. This article will review the current data for antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy following TAVI.     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术后抗栓治疗策略

目前,经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)后抗栓治疗方案尚不统一,因此为TAVR术后患者选择最佳的抗栓策略,实现个体化的抗栓治疗就成为了当前TAVR术后患者管理的重要内容。术后选择双联抗血小板、单药抗血小板和(或)抗凝治疗是目前TAVR术后抗栓治疗的主要策略。一方面目前TAVR适应证人群常合并肝肾功能不全、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、糖尿病、肿瘤、心房颤动等出血或血栓形成的高危因素,另一方面以术后影像学表现为主导的亚临床血栓是否需要更安全积极的抗栓方案尚无明确临床研究证据。该文探讨并梳理了TAVR术后抗栓治疗的进展。     

Thromboembolic myocardial infarction after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a spotlight on antithrombotic treatment post-TAVI

The use of dual antiplatelet therapy for the first three–six months after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been suggested.~([1,2]) However, the additional benefit of anticoagulant therapy during the same period has conflicting data and even the guidelines from different cardiology societies are not in line.     

Ischemic colitis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is a novel therapeutic approach for high‐risk patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. The success rate of this new procedure is high; however, it is associated with issues such as vascular access site complications and embolization related to the advancement of a large bore delivery catheter through the femoral and iliac arteries and aortic arch. Using the Edwards SAPIEN transcatheter heart valve, we describe a case of transfemoral catheter aortic valve implantation complicated by a mobile mass attached to the valve, probable due to atherosclerotic plaque from the aorta. Shortly thereafter, the patient presented with ischemic colitis and subsequently died. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Conduction abnormalities after transcatheter aortic valve implantation

In the last few years, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become an alternative procedure in patients with severe aortic stenosis and high risk for surgical aortic replacement. Due to the anatomic correlation between aortic valve structure and conduction system of the heart, one of the most common complications after TAVI is conduction system disturbances which including bundle branch block, complete heart block and need for permanent pacemaker implantation. Although these disturbances are usually not lethal, they may have a great influence on patients’ state and long term-survival. Several risk factors for conduction disturbances have been identified which including age, anatomy of the heart, periprocedural factors, type of implanted valve, preexisting abnormalities and comorbidities. As this technique becomes more familiar to physicians, patients should be carefully screened for risk factors for the development of conduction abnormalities after TAVI in order to provide effective prevention and proper treatment.     

Permanent pacemaker implantation late after transcatheter aortic valve implantation

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Delayed aortic dissection and valve thrombosis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation

We report a case of a 78‐year‐old female who presented with type A aortic dissection 22 months following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). In addition, preoperative echocardiogram showed high gradients across the aortic prosthesis which was found to be thrombosed. At surgery, the intimal tear appeared to be non‐acute and anatomically related to the rim of the valve cage. The thrombosed valve was not replaced and the patient received anticoagulation therapy following surgery with significant improvement in valve gradients.