Multilevel oblique corpectomy for cervical spondylotic myelopathy preserves segmental motion

Purpose

To document the neurological outcome, spinal alignment and segmental range of movement after oblique cervical corpectomy (OCC) for cervical compressive myelopathy.

Methods

This retrospective study included 109 patients—93 with cervical spondylotic myelopathy and 16 with ossified posterior longitudinal ligament in whom spinal curvature and range of segmental movements were assessed on neutral and dynamic cervical radiographs. Neurological function was measured by Nurick’s grade and modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores. Eighty-eight patients (81%) underwent either a single- or two-level corpectomy; the remaining (19%) undergoing three- or four-level corpectomies. The average duration of follow-up was 30.52 months.

Results

The Nurick’s grade and the JOA scores showed statistically significant improvements after surgery (p < 0.001). The mean postoperative segmental angle in the neutral position straightened by 4.7 ± 6.5°. The residual segmental range of movement for a single-level corpectomy was 16.7° (59.7% of the preoperative value), for two-level corpectomy it was 20.0° (67.2%) and for three-level corpectomies it was 22.9° (74.3%). 63% of patients with lordotic spines continued to have lordosis postoperatively while only one became kyphotic without clinical worsening. Four patients with preoperative kyphotic spines showed no change in spine curvature. None developed spinal instability.

Conclusions

The OCC preserves segmental motion in the short-term, however, the tendency towards straightening of the spine, albeit without clinical worsening, warrants serial follow-up imaging to determine whether this motion preservation is long lasting.     

Patient perceived outcome after central corpectomy for cervical spondylotic myelopathy

BACKGROUND: Patient perception of outcome after decompressive surgery for CSM is infrequently reported. We evaluated a simple, quantitative patient-reported assessment of outcome after CC for CSM by comparing it with the NGRR. METHODS: In a prospective study between 1994 and 2004, patients who underwent CC for CSM were asked to quantify the outcome (relative to their preoperative status) on a scale of 0 to 100. Patient perceived outcome score was compared with the NGRR (preoperative grade - postoperative grade / preoperative grade x 100) at the same follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 208 patients with a follow-up ranging from 6 to 72 months (mean, 16.3 months) were evaluated. There was a good positive correlation between PPOS and NGRR for the whole group (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.62; P < .001), good-grade patients (preoperative Nurick grade of 1-3) (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.52; P < .001), and poor-grade patients (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.79; P < .001); the correlation was strongest in the poor-grade group of patients. kappa statistic revealed moderate agreement between the 2 scores in the whole group (kappa = 0.45), substantial agreement in the poor-grade patients (kappa = 0.61), and fair agreement in the good-grade patients (kappa = 0.34). In 28 of the 208 patients (13.5%), there was no agreement between the 2 scores with a significantly greater proportion (24/28), reporting an improvement in spite of no change in their Nurick grade (McNemar chi(2) test, P = .0002). CONCLUSIONS: Although there was good agreement and a positive correlation between PPOS and NGRR, the disagreement in 13.5% of patients suggests that the 2 scores are evaluating some dissimilar functional domains; therefore, PPOS provides additional independent data in the assessment of the results of decompressive surgery for CSM. Patient-reported outcome should be included in reporting outcome of decompressive surgery for CSM.     

相邻两节段脊髓型颈椎病前路不同术式的比较

[目的]比较前路颈椎体次全切除植骨融合术(anterior cervical corpectomy with fusion,ACCF)和前路颈椎间盘切除植骨融合术(anterior cervical discectomy with fusion,ACDF)两种术式在相邻两节段脊髓型颈椎病手术治疗中的应用.[方法]对2006年6月～ 2010年3月相邻两节段脊髓型颈椎病手术治疗患者的临床资料和影像学资料进行回顾性研究,共67例符合研究要求,其中ACCF 36例,ACDF 31例.评估、比较两组的围手术期指标(住院日、出血量、手术时间、取骨处并发症以及颈部并发症)、临床疗效指标(脊髓神经功能JOA评分、颈部及上肢疼痛VAS评分)及影像学指标(颈椎矢状曲度情况、颈椎前凸角度、颈椎活动度、融合节段活动度、融合节段前后缘高度及融合率).[结果]平均随访时间ACCF (28.96±13.21)个月,ACDF (26.81±11.02)个月.两组间比较时,手术时间及术中出血量ACCF比ACDF多,并发症发生率更高,有显著性差异,而术后随访时颈椎前凸角度以及融合节段高度ACCF比ACDF低,有显著性差异,其他参数无显著性差异.但组内比较时,术后即刻与术前、术后6周时与术后即刻有显著性差异,末次随访时与术后6周时ACCF融合节段后缘高度相比有显著性差异,其余指标及ACDF组内无显著性差异.[结论] ACCF、ACDF均是治疗相邻两节段脊髓型颈椎病的有效术式,但ACDF在手术时间、出血量、并发症发生率以及一些影像学指标上有显著性优势,具体的手术方式选择应根据脊髓受压迫需要减压的部位而定.     

Functional outcome of corpectomy in cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Background:

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is serious consequence of cervical intervertebral disk degeneration. Morbidity ranges from chronic neck pain, radicular pain, headache, myelopathy leading to weakness, and impaired fine motor coordination to quadriparesis and/or sphincter dysfunction. Surgical treatment remains the mainstay of treatment once myelopathy develops. Compared to more conventional surgical techniques for spinal cord decompression, such as anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, laminectomy, and laminoplasty, patients treated with corpectomy have better neurological recovery, less axial neck pain, and lower incidences of postoperative loss of sagittal plane alignment. The objective of this study was to analyze the outcome of corpectomy in cervical spondylotic myelopathy, to assess their improvement of symptoms, and to highlight complications of the procedure.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-four patients underwent cervical corpectomy for cervical spondylotic myelopathy during June 1999 to July 2005.The anterior approach was used. Each patient was graded according to the Nuricks Grade (1972) and the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) Scale (1991), and the recovery rate was calculated.

Results:

Preoperative patients had a mean Nurick''s grade of 3.83, which was 1.67 postoperatively. Preoperative patients had a mean mJOA score of 9.67, whereas postoperatively it was 14.50. The mean recovery rate of patients postoperatively was 62.35% at a mean follow-up of 1 year (range, 8 months to 5 years).The complications included one case (4.17%) of radiculopathy, two cases (8.33%) of graft displacement, and two cases (8.33%) of screw back out/failure.

Conclusions:

Cervical corpectomy is a reliable and rewarding procedure for CSM, with functional improvement in most patients.     

颈椎椎体次全切除钛网钢板固定治疗颈椎管狭窄症

目的探讨颈椎椎体次全切除钛网钢板固定治疗颈椎管狭窄症的疗效。方法对确诊为颈椎管狭窄症患者62例,采用颈前路椎体次全切除钛网植骨钢板固定,对比手术前后患者的JOA评分,分析术前、术后及随访时的动力位片,观察钛网、钢板的位置及颈椎前凸角的变化。结果获得完整随访的患者42例,术后随访6～48个月（平均24个月）,6～8个月均获得植骨融合。术后颈椎前凸角改善明显,钛网及钢板位置稳定,JOA评分在术后获得较显著提高（P〈0.05）。结论颈椎椎体次全切除钛网钢板固定治疗颈椎管狭窄症近期疗效肯定,是一种值得推广的术式,但该术式应严格掌握其适应证。     

脊髓型颈椎病患者术前脊髓MRI形态特征与手术预后的相关性研究

【摘要】 目的：提出改良脊髓压迫率（modified compression ratio,mCR）和脊髓旋转角（spinal cord rotation angle,SCRA）的概念,探讨脊髓型颈椎病（cervical spondylotic myelopathy,CSM）患者术前脊髓形态特征与术后脊髓功能恢复情况的关系。方法：回顾性分析2017年1月~2017年6月于我院行手术治疗的98例CSM患者,其中男性62例,女性37例,年龄38~73岁（53.8±10.7岁）。在患者术前轴位T2* MRI图像上测量脊髓在受压最严重层面（maximally compressed level,MCL）的脊髓压迫率（compression ratio,CR）,以椭圆拟合受压脊髓,脊髓在该椭圆短轴上的距离与椭圆长轴之比为mCR,该椭圆长轴与水平位置所成夹角为SCRA。以C2/3层面的相应形态指标为内参对MCL层面的CR、mCR和SCRA进行矫正。统计患者术前及术后3年的改良日本骨科协会（modified Japanese Orthopedic Association,mJOA）评分,并计算脊髓功能恢复率（recovery rate,RR）。以斯皮尔曼相关性分析及多因素分析形态指标（矫正CR、矫正mCR与矫正SCRA等）及临床参数（年龄、症状持续时间、术前mJOA评分等）与预后指标（术后3年mJOA评分与脊髓功能RR）的关系。结果：矫正CR为（58.31±16.71）%,矫正mCR为（49.11±16.17）%,矫正SCRA为5.09°（2.29°,10.61°）。症状持续时间12.0（4.3,36.0）个月,术前mJOA评分为13.46±1.69分,术后3年mJOA评分为16.00（14.50,16.50）分,脊髓功能RR为62.50%（33.33%,90.40%）。多因素分析显示,矫正SCRA为术后3年mJOA评分的独立预测因子[标准化系数（standardized coefficient,std.coef）=0.25,P=0.015],矫正mCR为脊髓功能RR的独立预测因子（std.coef=0.21,P=0.038）。矫正CR与术后3年mJOA评分及脊髓功能RR无显著相关性（P>0.05）。临床参数并非术后3年mJOA评分或脊髓功能RR的独立预测因子（P>0.05）。结论：矫正mCR、矫正SCRA可用于预测术后脊髓功能恢复情况,矫正SCRA与术后3年mJOA评分、矫正mCR与脊髓功能RR呈正相关。矫正CR与术后脊髓功能恢复情况无显著性相关。     

颈前路椎体次全切除联合椎间隙减压融合治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的:探讨多节段颈椎病颈前路椎体次全切除联合椎间隙减压融合内固定术的疗效。方法 :对2012年10月至2014年6月行颈椎前路治疗的28例脊髓型颈椎病的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中男18例,女10例;年龄45~77(60.11±9.37)岁;27例患者病变累及3个节段,1例累及4个节段;术前JOA评分为8.89±1.87,拟融合节段Cobb角为(4.87±4.56)°,颈椎曲度为(11.68±1.25)°,均行颈椎前路椎体次全切除联合椎间隙减压融合内固定术。通过影像学资料测量术后1、12个月时的融合节段Cobb角、颈椎曲度,并采用JOA评分评价疗效。结果:手术时间120~205 min,平均163 min;术中出血量100~300 ml,平均198 ml;术后1例患者出现声音嘶哑,术后3周恢复正常;1例出现饮水呛咳,术后1周恢复正常。28例患者均获得随访,时间12~24(18.46±3.20)个月。术后12个月植骨椎间隙均获骨性愈合,内固定物位置良好。术后1、12个月时融合节段Cobb角与颈椎曲度及JOA评分均较术前明显改善(P0.05)。术后12个月JOA评分改善率为(46.46±20.26)%,手术疗效根据改善率评定:优12例,良14例,好转2例。结论:颈椎前路椎体次全切除联合椎间隙减压融合内固定术治疗多节段颈椎病效果满意。     

两种颈椎前路减压融合术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效分析

[目的]回顾性分析比较椎间盘切除减压融合术(ACDF)和椎体次全切除减压融合术(ACCF)在治疗相邻两个节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效及影像学数据.[方法]2005年4月～2007年8月,采用ACDF和ACCF治疗相邻两个节段脊髓型颈椎病156例.临床疗效采用日本骨科学会评分系统(JOA评分)对术前、末次随访的临床疗效进行评价.比较两组患者I临床疗效及手术时间、住院大数、术中失血量、颈椎活动度、颈椎曲度及节段性高度.[结果]两组的临床改善优良率无显著性差异(P＞0.05),ACDF组与ACCF组术中平均出血量及手术时间有显著性差异(P＜0.01),ACCF较ACDF增加,而ACCF组术后的节段性高度及颈椎前凸角较ACDF组明显降低(P＜0.01).[结论]ACDF与ACCF均能达到良好的手术疗效,然而ACDF在减少术中出血量、手术时间,改善和维持术后颈椎前凸角度及节段性高度较ACCF作用明显,但ACDF要求技术较高,有较长的学习曲线.     

前路椎体次全切除减压及带锁钢板固定治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的 探讨带锁钢板在颈前路开槽式减压植骨治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病中的应用价值。方法５５例脊髓型颈椎病患者,男性３６例,女性１９例,年龄平均５１．５岁,病程平均１３个月。病变累及２个功能节段者４７例,累及３个功能节段者８例,术前ＪＯＡ评分平均为８．３分。病变部位全部行颈前椎体次全切除减压,自体髂骨植骨,带锁钢板固定术。结果５１例获随访,平均２６个月,植骨全部于术后１２～１６周骨性愈合,术后恢复之椎间高     

A comparison of anterior cervical discectomy and corpectomy in patients with multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Background  

The optimal surgical approach for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) has not been defined, and the relative merits of multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and anterior cervical corpectomy (2-level or skip 1-level corpectomy) and fusion (ACCF) remain controversial. However, few comparative studies have been conducted on these two surgical approaches.     

Combined single‐level subtotal corpectomy and decompression for cervical spondylotic myelopathy treatment

Background: The purpose of this study was to summarize outcomes of patients with refractory multisegmental cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) who were treated by combined single‐level subtotal corpectomy and decompression of the intervertebral space using the anterior approach. Methods: Forty‐five consecutive patients with multisegmental CSM were included; their ages ranged from 37 to 72 years. Seventeen (37.8%) patients had noncontiguous or ‘jumping’ multisegmental CSM and 28 (62.2%) had contiguous multisegmental CSM. The mean preoperative Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score was 8.1 points. All patients underwent combined single‐level decompression of the involved intervertebral space and subtotal corpectomy together with subsequent fusion and internal fixation. An anterior approach was used for all patients. A cage filled with bone graft was inserted and internal fixation was performed after single‐level intervertebral space decompression. Mesh filled with bone graft was inserted and plate internal fixation was performed after subtotal corpectomy. Results: Follow‐up data (average follow‐up, 14 months) were available for all 45 patients; the mean postoperative JOA score was 13.2 points, which was significantly different from the preoperative JOA score. Bony fusion was achieved in all patients based on postoperative radiography, and no pseudoarthrosis was observed during follow‐up. Conclusions: An excellent outcome can be achieved with the combination of single‐level subtotal corpectomy and decompression of the intervertebral space using the anterior approach to treat multisegmental CSM.     

Evaluation of pain as a preference-based health status measure in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy undergoing central corpectomy

Background  

Assessment of pain in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) before and after decompressive surgery has not been adequately addressed in the literature. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the intensity of various pain scores in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) before and after surgery, and to assess their correlation with other outcome measures.     

Central corpectomy for cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a consecutive series with long-term follow-up evaluation

Since 1984, a consecutive series of patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy has been treated by central corpectomy and strut grafting. This report focuses on 40 cases operated on between 1984 and 1987 and followed from 2 to 5 years. The perioperative complication rate was 47.5%, with a 7.5% incidence of persistent sequelae: severe C-5 radiculopathy in one patient, swallowing dysfunction in one, and hypoglossal nerve palsy in one. No single factor (age, duration of symptoms, or severity of myelopathy) was absolutely predictive of outcome; however, syndromes of short duration had the best likelihood of cure. Similar outcomes were associated, individually, with long duration of symptoms, age over 70 years, and severe myelopathy. After factoring a 5% regression of improvement, the long-term cure rate was 57.5% and the failure rate was 15%. Myelopathy worsening was not documented.     

脊髓型颈椎病术后MRI脊髓高信号改变与疗效的关系

目的 探讨脊髓型颈椎病术后MR T2WI脊髓高信号改变与疗效的关系.方法 功会26例脊髓型颈椎病患者,男15例,女11例;年龄38~73岁,平均49.8岁.收集患者术前和术后3个月以上脊髓MRI矢状位T2WI照片,用Yukawa法对脊髓信号强度进行评分,对照观察手术前后脊髓高信号变化情况.分别测量轴位T2WI压迫最重节段手术前后的脊髓横截面积.应用JOA17分法评价术前及术后脊髓功能,分析脊髓高信号改变与术后神经功能变化的关系.结果 根据手术后脊髓高信号变化将患者分为3组:脊髓高信号减弱组18例,脊髓高信号不变组7例,脊髓高信号增强组1例.脊髓高信号减弱组与不变组术前脊髓信号评分比较,差异无统计学意义.脊髓高信号减弱组与不变组术前脊髓信号评分与术后JOA评分、神经功能改善率均无相关性.两组相比,脊髓高信号减弱组年龄小[(51.94±11.04):(61.12±10.14),P=0.048]、术前脊髓受压最重节段横截面积大[(60.90±14.77):(42.05±18.05),P=0.010]、术后JOA评分高[(14.44±1.82):(11.00±3.89),P=0.042]、神经功能改善率高[(64%±23%):(38%±30%),P=0.027].脊髓高信号增强组因例数少,未列入对比研究.结论 脊髓型颈椎病术后MR T2WI脊髓高信号改变可作为疗效预测指标.     

同种异体骨在脊髓型颈椎病椎体次全切除减压融合术中的应用

目的 评价同种异体骨联合前路钢板在脊髓型颈椎病椎体次全切除减压融合术中的应用效果。方法 对35例颈脊髓病患者行颈前路椎体次全切,同种异体骨植入联合前路钢板内固定并分析其结果。术前JOA评分4—15分,平均8．7分。结果 本组35例患者,次全切除椎体69个,其中单椎体次全切7例,双椎体22例,三椎体6例,完成减压104个间隙,无手术并发症。随访时间11—37个月,平均17．4个月。术后植骨稳定,未发现钢板、螺钉松动、断裂等现象,植骨融合率100％;融合时间约6—15个月,平均9．3个月;术后JOA评分7—17分,平均14．8分,改善率为73．5％,优良率为82．8％。结论 在颈脊髓病椎体次全切减压术中,使用同种异体骨结合颈前路钢板进行融合和固定可以简化手术步骤、减少创伤,且融合可靠。     

椎体次全切时两种开槽宽度对脊髓型颈椎病的近期疗效分析

[目的]探讨分析颈椎前路椎体次全切植骨融合内固定术(ACCF)时使用两种不同开槽减压宽度对脊髓型颈椎病的近期治疗效果。[方法]回归性分析2012年12月~2015年1月在本院行ACCF手术的66例患者的临床效果。其中椎体次全切时采用1.4 cm开槽减压宽度治疗脊髓型颈椎病31例(1.4 cm组),在椎体次全切时采用1.0cm开槽减压宽度治疗脊髓型颈椎病35例(1.0 cm组)。将手术时间、失血量、融合节段前突角(SL)、手术并发症、术前及术后6个月JOA评分、椎体融合率进行统计学分析。[结果]所有患者随访3年。1.4 cm组手术并发症发生率为3.2%,1.0 cm组手术并发症发生率为5.7%,手术并发症发生率两组差异无统计学意义(P=1.000)。尽管1.4cm组和1.0 cm组患者术前JOA评分差异无统计学意义(P=0.858),但术后6个月1.4 cm组患者平均JOA评分显著高于1.0 cm组患者(P=0.01)。1.4 cm组平均失血量和手术时间显著高于1.0 cm组(P<0.01)。根据影像学评估,1.4 cm组术后融合节段前凸角改善显著高于1.0 cm组(P<0.01)。两组患者术后第12周融合率差异无统计学意义(P=0.294)。[结论]ACCF手术时,开槽减压宽度为1.4cm在神经功能恢复、融合节段前凸角比开槽减压宽度为1.0cm有更好的改善,但手术时间延长和失血量增加。