激光治疗中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变的新进展

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变（ｃｅｎｔｒａｌｓｅｒｏｕｓｃｈｏｒｉｏｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ,ＣＳＣ）是一种以后极部视网膜色素上皮功能障碍引起黄斑部视网膜色素上皮层局限性浆液性脱离的黄斑病变,为自限性疾病。多数患者急性发病后４～６个月自行好转,视力多可恢复正常,但也有部分患者病程迁延６个月以上,对视力损害明显。随着对该病病理生理认识的深入,多种治疗方案被应用于临床,但激光治疗被认为是目前治疗ＣＳＣ的主要疗法。激光疗法可以有效降低复发率,并对恢复视力有明显帮助,缩短病程,避免病变迁延不愈造成视力永久性损害。本文就临床使用激光疗法治疗ＣＳＣ的最新进展作一综述。     

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变靛青绿血管造影

目的探讨中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变（ｃｅｎｔｒａｌｓｅｒｏｕｓｃｈｏｒｏｉｄｏｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ，ＣＳＣ）的发病机理。方法用激光扫描检眼镜（ｓｃａｎｎｉｎｇｌａｓｅｒｏｐｈｔｈａｌｍｏｓｃｏｐｅ，ＳＬＯ）对２０例ＣＳＣ患者进行无赤光（蓝色光）眼底检查、眼底荧光素血管造影（ｆｕｎｄｕｓｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｉｎａｎｇｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＦＦＡ）及靛青绿血管造影观察。结果（１）蓝色光眼底检查可清晰见到ＣＳＣ的神经视网膜脱离及色素上皮脱离的隆起。（２）ＦＦＡ能清晰显示渗漏点，还可见脉络膜背景荧光增强及晚期视乳头的强荧光。（３）ＩＣＧＡ早期可见脉络膜的充盈迟缓、高灌注和小叶扩张，中晚期可见较ＦＦＡ更多的强荧光点，患眼１００％有弥漫性的脉络膜渗漏，患者的“健眼”或以前ＣＳＣ已临床治愈的眼均可见脉络膜强荧光点，此外尚可见涡静脉异常等。结论ＣＳＣ患者有明显的脉络膜循环紊乱。用ＳＬＯ对ＣＳＣ患者进行无赤光、ＦＦＡ和ＩＣＧＡ眼底血管检查，对了解ＣＳＣ的发病机理和对治疗的评价均有重要意义     

间接光凝和直接光凝治疗中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变的疗效对比观察

目的　评价间接光凝治疗中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变（ｃｅｎｔｒａｌｓｅｒｏｕｓｃｈｏｒｉｏｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ,ＣＳＣ）的临床疗效。方法　ＣＳＣ患者４１例（４２眼）,对渗漏点位于黄斑中心凹１／３ＰＤ（５００μｍ）以内的２０眼进行间接光凝为观察组,对渗漏点位于黄斑中心凹１／３ＰＤ（５００μｍ）以外的２２眼进行直接光凝为对照组,于治疗前及治疗后１周、１个月、２个月、３个月检查并记录最佳矫正视力（ｂｅｓｔｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｅｄｖｉｓｕａｌａｃｕｉｔｙ,ＢＣＶＡ）、眼底、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度（ｃｅｎｔｒａｌｆｏｖｅａｌｔｈｉｃｋｎｅｓｓ,ＣＦＴ）等情况并进行比较。结果　观察组、对照组治疗前ＢＣＶＡ分别为０．５９±０．２０、０．６０±０．２２,治疗后３个月分别为０．９０±０．１８、０．９１±０．０４,两组治疗后视力均明显提高,差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０１）;两组间相比,治疗前与治疗后３个月ＢＣＶＡ差异均无统计学意义（均为Ｐ＞０．０５）。两组治疗后不同时间点ＣＦＴ均低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０１）;两组治疗后１个月ＣＦＴ均低于治疗后１周,差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０１）,治疗后１个月、２个月、３个月ＣＦＴ比较,差异均无统计学意义（均为Ｐ＞０．０５）。两组治疗前及治疗后不同时间点ＣＦＴ组间比较,差异均无统计学意义（均为Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论　和直接光凝相比,间接光凝对ＣＳＣ同样具有良好的疗效,为不能进行直接光凝的旁中心凹渗漏的ＣＳＣ提供了一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

无临床视网膜病变糖尿病患者的对比敏感度

无临床视网膜病变糖尿病患者的对比敏感度赵明威，张承芬，杜虹，卢宁采用对比敏感度（ｃｏｎｔｒａｓｔｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｉｔｙ，ＣＳ）检查法，评估其对糖尿病视网膜病变（ｄｉａｂｅｔｉｃｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ，ＤＲ）的亚临床诊断价值。１．对象：无临床视网膜病变...     

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变患者血浆糖皮质激素及尿类固醇的测定

目的研究中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变（ｃｅｎｔｒａｌｓｅｒｏｕｓｃｈｏｒｉｏｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ，ＣＳＣＲ）患者血浆糖皮质激素水平，探讨糖皮质激素与ＣＳＣＲ发病机制的关系。方法应用放射免疫法和比色法测定活动期及恢复期ＣＳＣＲ患者血浆糖皮质激素及其代谢物含量，并与正常人进行对比。结果ＣＳＣＲ活动期患者血浆糖皮质激素含量为（２９６２２±７７０３）ｎｇ／ｍｌ，尿１７羟类固醇含量为（１２０８±４８２）ｍｇ／２４ｈ，明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜００５）；恢复期上述指标趋于正常。结论ＣＳＣＲ患者机体内糖皮质激素水平明显增高，提示糖皮质激素在ＣＳＣＲ的发病中起重要作用。     

中西医结合治疗中心性浆液性视网膜病变

中西医结合治疗中心性浆液性视网膜病变天津市第一中心医院眼科（３００１９２）张静珠，张蕊，于香荣中心性浆液性视网膜病变（简称中浆）的治疗，眼科医生们一直认为光凝是根本的治疗方法。从来都认为本病没有确切的药物能够治疗。而且即使治愈，以后还会经常复发。作者...     

半剂量维替泊芬和半能量PDT治疗慢性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变

目的　探讨使用半剂量维替泊芬和半能量激光的光动力学疗法（ｐｈｏｔｏｄｙｎａｍｉｃｔｈｅｒａｐｙ,ＰＤＴ）治疗慢性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变（ｃｈｒｏｎｉｃｃｅｎｔｒａｌｓｅｒｏｕｓｃｈｏｒｉｏｒｅｔｉ-ｎｏｐａｔｈｙ,ＣＣＳＣ）的疗效和安全性。方法　分析２０１１年８月至２０１３年８月期间在我科就诊的ＣＣＳＣ患者２５例（３３眼）,所有患者接受静脉注射剂量为３ｍｇ?ｍ－２体表面积的维替泊芬和能量为２５Ｊ?ｃｍ－２的ＰＤＴ治疗,治疗后１个月、３个月、６个月和１２个月复查,重复进行ＢＣＶＡ、裂隙灯、间接眼底镜和ＯＣＴ检查,治疗后６个月复查眼底荧光血管造影检查。结果　末次随访时视力改善者３１眼、稳定者２眼,最佳矫正视力（０．１５±０．０９）ＬｏｇＭＡＲ,与治疗前的（０．５０±０．１８）ＬｏｇＭＡＲ相比差异有统计学意义（ｔ＝１０．３３４,Ｐ＜０．００１）;ＯＣＴ检查示,显效率在治疗后１个月、３个月、６个月和末次随访时分别为４８．５％、８４．８％、９３．９％和１００．０％。ＣＣＳＣ眼治疗后１个月黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度为（３９１．５３±１０１．１８）μｍ,与治疗前的（４８３．２１±８９．１３）μｍ相比明显降低（ｔ＝－３．９０２,Ｐ＜０．００１）,黄斑中心凹下平均脉络膜厚度随时间推移不断下降。治疗后６个月ＦＦＡ结果显示３３眼渗漏病灶均完全消失。未观察到复发、视网膜色素上皮萎缩、脉络膜新生血管形成等并发症发生。结论　使用半剂量维替泊芬和半能量ＰＤＴ治疗对于单纯黄斑区神经上皮脱离的ＣＣＳＣ是有效和安全的。     

糖尿病性视网膜病变用氩激光与染料激光作全视网膜光凝固治疗的对比研究

糖尿病性视网膜病变用氩激光与染料激光作全视网膜光凝固治疗的对比研究［英］／ＳｅｉｂｅｒｔｈＶ…∥Ｇｒａｅｆｅ＇ｓＡｒｃｈＣｌｉｎＥｘｐＯｐｈｔｈａｌｍｏｌ．－１９９３，２３１．－３１８～３２２由于染料激光的开创，用于眼科光凝固治疗的波长范围有了明显扩...     

氪黄激光治疗非增殖性糖尿病性视网膜病变黄斑囊样水肿的效果观察

目的 评价氪黄激光治疗非增殖性糖尿病性视网膜病变（ｎｉｎｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｖｅ ｄｉａｂｅｔｉｃ ｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ,ＮＰＤＲ）所致的黄斑囊样水肿（ｃｙｓｔｏｉｄ ｍａｃｕｌａｒ ｅｄｅｍａ,ＣＭＥ）的临床效果。对３７例（５２只眼）ＮＰＤＲ所致ＣＭＥ患者行氪黄激光局部或格栅状黄斑区光凝,按病程分为≤６个月和≥７个月丙组病例,随访１例,观察光凝后不同时期患者视力及黄斑水肿的变化,并进行统计学     

增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变中对视网膜特有分子的免疫反应

增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变中对视网膜特有分子的免疫反应［英］／ＧｒｉａｎｔｉＳ…Ｇｒａｅｆｅｓ＇ＡｒｃｈＣｌｉｎＥｘｐＯｐｈｔｈａｌｍｏｌ．－１９９４，２３２（５）－３０２～３０７增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变（ＰＶＲ）是裂孔源性视网膜脱离的主要并发症，临床特征...     

努力探索发病机制,进一步提升治疗水平:中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变研究的现实与挑战

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(中浆)的治疗理念随着对中浆认识的逐步深入而演变.最初临床研究发现,中浆属自限性疾病,所以,主张观察或保守治疗通过荧光素眼底血管造影的进一步研究发现,中浆是视网膜色素上皮(RPE)屏障功能受损导致的浆液性RPE和(或)神经视网膜脱离,激光光凝治疗可以通过激光的热效应凝固RPE渗漏点从而达到治疗目的;吲哚青绿血管造影用于中浆的临床研究后新近发现,中浆病灶对应处脉络膜血管通透性增加,导致脉络膜组织内静水压过高引发局部RPE脱离,进而机械性破坏RPE屏障才是其病理基础的主要原因.光动力疗法可以栓塞脉络膜毛细血管网,从而阻止脉络膜毛细血管通透性增加导致的渗漏,可以取得其治疗成功.然而,关于中浆发病机制和治疗的探索远未结束.进一步探讨其发病机制,提高临床诊断治疗水平,既是临床工作的迫切需要,也是挑战眼科医生智慧的重大问题.促进更多更好的中浆临床和基础研究成果早El问世需要我们共同努力.

Abstract：

The concept of treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) has evolved dramatically with the understanding of its pathogenesis recently. Initial clinical studies found that CSC is a self-limiting disease, therefore advocated observation or conservative treatment was recommended. Further study by fundus fluorescein angiography indicated that CSC results from barrier dysfunction of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which leads to serous RPE and (or) neural retinal detachment; so laser photocoagulation to close RPE leakage points by its thermal effects became a strategy to treat CSC. Recent study by indocyanine green angiography revealed that increased choroidal vascular permeability can induce high hydrostatic pressure and focal RPE detachment, resulting in mechanical breakage of RPE barrier. This is likely the major pathological basis of CSC now. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can embolize of choroidal capillary network, thereby preventing choroidal leakage caused by increased capillary permeability, and thus cure the CSC. However the search for the pathogenesis and better treatment of CSC is far from over.Further investigation about pathogenesis and improvement of diagnosis and treatment is an urgent need for clinic work, but also major issues challenging the wisdom of an ophthalmologist. We need to work together to promote more and better clinical and basic research of CSC.     

Central serous chorioretinopathy

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a disease of the retina characterized by serous detachment of the neurosensory retina secondary to one or more focal lesions of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). CSC occurs most frequently in mid‐life and more often in men than in women. Major symptoms are blurred vision, usually in one eye only and perceived typically by the patient as a dark spot in the centre of the visual field with associated micropsia and metamorphopsia. Normal vision often recurs spontaneously within a few months. The condition can be precipitated by psychosocial stress and hypercortisolism. Ophthalmoscopic signs of CSC range from mono‐ or paucifocal RPE lesions with prominent elevation of the neurosensory retina by clear fluid – typical of cases of recent onset – to shallow detachments overlying large patches of irregularly depigmented RPE. The spectrum of lesions includes RPE detachments. Granular or fibrinous material may accumulate in the subretinal cavity. Serous detachment often resolves spontaneously. From first contact, counselling about the potential relation to stress and glucocorticoid medication is warranted. After 3 months without resolution of acute CSC or in chronic CSC, treatment should be considered. Resolution of detachment can usually be achieved in acute CSC by focal photocoagulation of leaking RPE lesions or, in chronic CSC, by photodynamic therapy. The effect of therapy on long‐term visual outcome is insufficiently documented. Reattachment within 4 months of onset is considered a relevant therapeutic target because prolonged detachment is associated with photoreceptor atrophy. This suggests that the value of treatment depends upon proper selection of cases that will not resolve without therapy. Chronic CSC may be difficult to differentiate from occult choroidal neovascularization secondary to CSC. Patients with chronic CSC who receive glucocorticoid treatment for systemic disease can often be managed without having to discontinue this medication.     

阈值下微脉冲激光在中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变中的作用机制

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(CSC)是发生在中青年患者中常见的黄斑病变,该病具有一定自限性,但治疗不及时也可致病情迁延、反复发作,进展为慢性CSC、继发视网膜色素上皮(RPE)萎缩、脉络膜新生血管等,最终导致中心视力不可逆性损害。阈值下微脉冲激光(SMLP)是一种短促重复的脉冲激光,它不同于具有损伤性治疗作用的传统激光,在达到有效治疗效果的基础上,不会对RPE细胞和光感受器造成损伤和热损伤。在光动力治疗(PDT)缺乏维替泊芬的情况下,因其有效性、安全性和可重复性,SMLP现已广泛应用于临床上CSC的治疗。本综述旨在阐述SMLP治疗CSC过程中涉及的效应细胞、细胞因子及作用机制,以期为SMLP在临床的推广和合理化应用提供更多理论依据。     

Selective retina therapy in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy

Background Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a disease with a localized breakdown of the outer blood–retinal barrier located within the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) causing subretinal fluid accumulation. Selective retina therapy (SRT) is a new, minimally invasive laser technology that has been designed to selectively target the RPE. SRT spares retinal tissue.Methods Twenty-seven eyes of 27 patients with active CSC were treated with SRT using a pulsed double-Q-switched Nd-YLF prototype laser (λ=527 nm, t=1.7 μs). At baseline, best-corrected visual acuity was determined and fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography were performed. The patients were followed for up to 3 months.Results After 4 weeks 85.2% of patients showed complete resolution of subretinal fluid and in 96.3% there was no leakage visible on fluorescein angiography. After 3 months 100% of patients demonstrated no subretinal fluid and 100% of patients had no leakage activity on fluorescein angiography. Visual acuity, 20/40 at baseline, improved to 20/28 after 4 weeks and to 20/20 after 3 months.Conclusion SRT is a safe and effective treatment for active CSC. Especially if the RPE leak is located close to the fovea, SRT is the favoured therapeutic option. We recommend earlier treatment of patients with acute CSC in order to prevent development of chronic changes due to CSC with irreversible anatomical and functional damage. SRT might be considered as a first-line treatment for active CSC.     

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变治疗方法的研究进展

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变( central serous chorioretinopathy,CSC)是中心视力损失的一项重要原因,它主要好发于中青年男性,以后极部浆液性神经上皮层脱离伴有视网膜色素上皮( retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)水平的渗漏为特征。大多数急性CSC患者会自发吸收,但是对于持续性神经上皮层脱离的慢性CSC患者可能会发展为进展性的视力下降。本文对近年来关于CSC治疗方法的研究进展作简要综述,主要从激光光凝、光动力学疗法( PDT)、玻璃体内抗血管内皮生长因子治疗、醛固酮受体拮抗剂四方面进行阐述。     

Central serous chorioretinopathy: an update on pathogenesis and treatment

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a chorioretinal disease, incompletely understood with systemic associations, a multifactorial aetiology, and a complex pathogenesis. Increased permeability from the choriocapillaris leads to focal or diffuse dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium causing a detachment of the neurosensory retina. CSC has been described in patients with endogenously high levels of corticosteroids as well as in patients with hypercortisolism due to the treatment of ocular or systemic diseases. It is therefore the only 'inflammatory' choroiditis, not proven to be associated with infection that is precipitated or worsened by glucocorticoids. Foveal attenuation, chronic macular oedema, and damage of the foveal photoreceptor layer have been reported as causes of visual loss in CSC. Photoreceptor atrophy in the fovea, despite successful retinal reattachment, typically occurs after a duration of symptoms of approximately 4 months. Treatment should therefore be considered after 3 months if there is angiographic evidence of ongoing foveal leakage in recurrent chronic CSC or in a single CSC episode accompanied by signs of chronic CSC alterations. Based on results of trials conducted so far, it appears that photodynamic therapy with verteporfin is effective and safer than argon laser treatment and should be considered as the treatment of choice, whereas micropulse diode laser photocoagulation seems to be an effective alternative. Glucocorticoid inhibitors are an interesting alternative treatment. Clinical trials are ongoing to test their efficacy. In addition, it is important, where possible, to discontinue any corticosteroid treatment. The possible association of CSC with stress should also be discussed with patients.     

Chorioretinopathia centralis serosa (CCS)

In the acute stage central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is characterized by serous retinal detachment. Monofocal or multifocal structural changes of the pigment epithelium layer are common. Unilateral blurred vision is the major clinical symptom. The pathogenesis is unclear but corticosteroids and stress may trigger the disease. Normal vision often returns spontaneously within a few months. Therapeutic options are at a low evidence level. Carbonic anhydrase, mild laser photocoagulation, selective retinal therapy, photodynamic therapy and the intravitreal injection of bevacizumab have been reported. The authors suggest a treatment strategy on the basis of the available data.     

Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (cCSC): Differential Diagnosis to Choroidal Neovascularisation (CNV) Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Central neurosensory detachments (NSD) with time-dependent height constitute a disease called central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), if not arising from uveitis, choroidal neovascularisations (CNV) or leaking retinal vessels. In 10 % of these patients, CSC develops into a chronic disease with recurrent NSD, atrophy of photoreceptors and severe drop in visual acuity. This review article summarises recent progress in understanding this disease and its appearance in funduscopy, FLA, ICG, OCT, autofluorescence as well as its progress, therapy and possible development into secondary CNV. The provided examples illustrate the progression of acute CSC into chronic CSC and with CNV over years. The different appearance of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in ICG and some of the signs of atypical chronic CSC are discussed. To distinguish between cCSC and wet AMD - both exhibiting leakage in FLA - typical signs are helpful, e.g., "gravitational tracks", retinal precipitates and missing drusen. However, in small lesions, it may be difficult or almost impossible to ensure the correct diagnosis of the underlying disease. The same holds for occult and classic secondary CNV in cCSC vs. CNV in AMD, where photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be successful only in cCSC-CNV and in cCSC without CNV. Corticosteroids often lead to further impairment, even in cases of atypical cCSC, when frequently misdiagnosed as uveitis. As a duration of NSD of more than 4 months is suspected to induce an impairment of photoreceptors, regular examinations are necessary not only in chronic CSC but also after acute CSC (as this form can develop into chronic CSC), while effective therapies are available to resolve the NSD (PDT, anti-VEGF).     

全身应用皮质类固醇激素致中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变的临床特征

目的 探讨全身应用皮质类固醇激素致中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变（CSC）的临床特征,指导临床诊断及治疗。方法 回顾性病例研究。分析经眼底检查、荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）及光学相干断层扫描（OCT）确诊并结合全身疾病诊断为全身应用皮质类固醇激素致CSC 12例患者的临床资料。结果 12例患者均为双眼发病。眼底检查见视网膜后极部均有神经上皮脱离,伴有色素上皮脱离者6眼,伴有视网膜色素上皮多发性萎缩2眼,伴有黄色纤维素样渗出14眼,伴有大泡性视网膜脱离4眼。FFA后极部见单个渗漏点4眼,多个渗漏点20眼;伴有色素上皮萎缩条带2眼,伴有视网膜下大量积液4眼。OCT检查提示24眼存在单发或多发的神经上皮脱离伴/不伴有色素上皮脱离,其中6例患者有神经上皮脱离伴下方高反射信号。12例患者中,肾脏移植术后2例,多发性硬化3例,系统性红斑狼疮2例,肾病综合征2例,脱髓鞘疾病1例,另外2例患者因发热或者其他原因在当地输注过大剂量激素。结论 全身应用皮质类固醇激素致CSC对患者视力的损害极大,其典型的眼底特征可帮助诊断,对此类患者应定期进行眼底检查,便于早期发现,避免出现不可逆的视力损害。     

Pathophysiology of macular diseases--morphology and function

Ophthalmic fundus imaging plays an important role in the advances in the pathophysiology of retinal diseases. Using fundus imaging, we studied morphological changes in the choroid, subretinal pathophysiology and photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell damage, and functional abnormalities of photoreceptor cells in macular diseases. To evaluate the choroidal changes, we performed enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) for macular diseases. Choroidal thickness both in the affected eyes and in the fellow eyes with choroidal vascular hyperpermeability was thicker in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) reduced the hyperpermeability and led to choroidal thinning in eyes with CSC, whereas laser photocoagulation did not result in any change in choroidal thickness, suggesting different mechanism of action for these two forms of treatment. PDT also decreased choroidal thickness in eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. These findings will help to elucidate the pathophysiologic features of CSC as well as responses to treatment. Patients with acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease have markedly thickened choroids. Both the choroidal thickness and the retinal detachment in these patients decreased quickly with corticosteroid treatment. EDI-OCT can be used to evaluate the choroidal involvement in VKH disease in acute stages and may prove useful in the diagnosis and management of this disease. Dome-shaped macula is the result of a localized thickening of the sclera under the macula in highly myopic patients, and it cannot be categorized into any known type of staphyloma. EDI-OCT is helpful in monitoring the proposed site of pathophysiologic changes in the choroid and the sclera, and provides noninvasively information not available by other means. To clarify the subretinal changes and the mechanism of cell damage in macular detachment, we studied the clinical characteristics of yellow deposits (multiple dot-like yellow precipitates and subretinal yellow material) seen in CSC using fundus autofluorescence and OCT. The yellow deposits had highly reflective tissue in the intraretinal and subretinal spaces seen on OCT and hyperfluorescence on short-wave autofluorescence (SW-AF) examinations during the follow-up period. These findings may indicate that formations of yellow deposits are associated with the accumulation of the photoreceptor outer segments and metabolism and phagocytosis by macrophages or RPE cells. SW-AF also demonstrated a hypofluorescence corresponding to the accumulated areas of yellow deposits during the long term followup period. Another study using infrared autofluorescence examination demonstrated that the yellow deposits induced a decrease in melanin and the functional decline of RPE cells in CSC. These may indicate that the existence of depositions in eyes with CSC is associated with photoreceptor and RPE cells damage. Similar yellow deposits can also be seen in eyes with macular detachment, e. g. branch retinal vein occlusion. We report a new method of retinal densitometry using SW-AF examination by scanning laser ophthalmoscope. We named the technique autofluorescence densitometry (AFD). This technique can evaluate photopigment density from serial SW-AF images during exposure to excitation light. This new technique can examine a much broader macular area and create a distribution map of optical density of the photopigments. It is also easy to compare the distribution of the photopigment densities with other retinal imaging devices such as OCT. To investigate functional abnormalities in eyes with CSC, we measured the optical density of the photopigments using AFD in both the acute and quiescent phase. The photopigment density decreased at the serous retinal detachment. The density remained decreased immediately after resolution and showed delayed recovery. The photopigments decreased even in eyes with a morphologic recovery of the outer retina. AFD could identify the functional impairment of the outer retina as characterized by changes in the photopigments.